Traditional soybean (Glycine max) breeding increases seed yield but reduces yield stability under non-phosphorus supply.

Traditional soybean (Glycine max L.) breeding has improved seed yield in high-input agricultural systems, under high nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) supply. The seed yield improvements under non-P supply and the seed protein and mineral content dilution by yield improvement were evaluated in 18 soybean cultivars released from 1995 to 2016 in south-east China. Soybean varieties were grown under rainfed conditions in the field under 0 and 35kgPha-1 in four sites: Dafang and Shiqian in the growing season of 2017 and Dafang and Puding in the 2018 season. The seed yield, seed protein content and nine seed nutrition concentration were examined. Soybean seed yield increased with the year of release at rates of 5.5-6.7gm-2 year-1 under 35kgPha-1 and 3.9-4.8gm-2 year-1 under non-P supply in the four experiments. The increase resulted from increases in the number of filled-pods and total seed number rather than from single seed weight and number of seeds per pod. Seed protein content and seed nutrition concentration has not changed with the year of release under 0 and 35kgPha-1 . Grain yield was positively correlated with the seed Fe concentration. The cultivar superiority of seed yield, seed P, Zn and Ca concentration was negatively correlated with their static stability coefficient. Traditional soybean breeding increased yield under both P and non-P supply, without affecting seed protein content and mineral concentrations. A trade-off between high seed yield and seed P, Zn and Ca concentration and their stability under different environments was shown.

The Combined Effects of Ethylene and MeJA on Metabolic Profiling of Phenolic Compounds in Catharanthus roseus Revealed by Metabolomics Analysis.

Phenolic compounds belong to a class of secondary metabolites and are implicated in a wide range of responsive mechanisms in plants triggered by both biotic and abiotic elicitors. In this study, we approached the combinational effects of ethylene and MeJA (methyl jasmonate) on phenolic compounds profiles and gene expressions in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus. In virtue of a widely non-targeted metabolomics method, we identified a total of 34 kinds of phenolic compounds in the leaves, composed by 7 C6C1-, 11 C6C3-, and 16 C6C3C6 compounds. In addition, 7 kinds of intermediates critical for the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds and alkaloids were identified and discussed with phenolic metabolism. The combinational actions of ethylene and MeJA effectively promoted the total phenolic compounds, especially the C6C1 compounds (such as salicylic acid, benzoic acid) and C6C3 ones (such as cinnamic acid, sinapic acid). In contrast, the C6C3C6 compounds displayed a notably inhibitory trend in this case. Subsequently, the gene-to-metabolite networks were drawn up by searching for correlations between the expression profiles of 5 gene tags and the accumulation profiles of 41 metabolite peaks. Generally, we provide an insight into the controlling mode of ethylene-MeJA combination on phenolic metabolism in C. roseus leaves.

Development of sample preparation method for isoliquiritigenin, liquiritin, and glycyrrhizic acid analysis in licorice by ionic liquids-ultrasound based extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography detection.

An ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction (ILUAE) method had been used for the effective extraction of isoliquiritigenin (IQ), liquiritin (LQ) and glycyrrhizic acid (GA) from licorice. The ionic liquids with different cations and anions were investigated in this work and 0.5 M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide solution was selected as solvent. In addition, the technical parameters including soaking time, solid-liquid ratio, ultrasonic power and time were optimized. Compared with the conventional solvent extraction, the proposed approach exhibited higher efficiency, which indicated the ILUAE was an efficient, rapid and simple sample preparation technique. There was no degradation of the target analytes had been observed at the optimum conditions which was evidenced by the stability studies performed with standard of IQ, LQ and GA. The proposed method also showed high reproducibility and was environmental friendly.

Compounds from Arnebia euchroma and their related anti-HCV and antibacterial activities.

Three new hydroquinone terpenoids with benzogeijerene skeletons, euchroquinols A-C (1- 3), and a new monoterpenylbenzenoid, 9,17-epoxyarnebinol (4), along with five known compounds were isolated from the stem bark of ARNEBIA EUCHROMA. Shikonin (6) exhibited potent anti-HCV activity with a selective index of 43.56, and compounds 1, 6, and des-O-methyllasiodiplodin (7) showed anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity with MICs of 0.5, 0.125, and 0.125 mg/mL, respectively.

Effects of heat and ultraviolet radiation on the oxidative stability of pine nut oil supplemented with carnosic acid.

The effects of carnosic acid (CA) of different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/g) and two common antioxidants (butylated hydroxytoluene and α-tocopherol) on oxidative stability in pine nut oil at different accelerated conditions (heating and ultraviolet radiation) were compared. The investigation focused on the increase in peroxide and conjugated diene values, as well as free fatty acid and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. The changes in trans fatty acid and aldehyde compound contents were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while the changes in pinolenic acid content were monitored by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results show that CA was more effective in restraining pine nut oil oxidation under heating, UV-A and UV-B radiation, in which a dose-response relationship was observed. The antioxidant activity of CA was stronger than that of α-tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene. Pine nut oil supplemented with 0.2 mg/g CA exhibited favorable antioxidant effects and is preferable for effectively avoiding oxidation.

Preparation of high purity biphenyl cyclooctene lignans from Schisandra extract by ion exchange resin catalytic transformation combined with macroporous resin separation.

In this study, ester-bond biphenyl cyclooctene lignans were efficiently hydrolytically degraded into free biphenyl cyclooctene lignans by ion exchange resin transformation and simultaneous removal of impurities by macroporous resin. The OH-type strongly basic anion exchange resin 201×7 was the best one, and the dynamic hydrolysis efficiency was 146.7±5.0%. HPD5000 macroporous resin, which offered higher adsorption and desorption capacities and faster adsorption than other resins. The purity of free biphenyl cyclooctene lignans in the product increased from 5.14±0.24% to 79.67±0.0.67%. After dynamic catalytic transformation by 201×7 resin combined with purification of HPD5000 resin, the yield and the purity of free biphenyl cyclooctene lignans in the product were 132.1±4.7% and 80.91±3.53%, respectively.

[The study of intoxication and toxicity of Fructus Xanthii].

Fructus Xanthii is commonly used in rhinology, especially used in treatment of chronic rhinitis and sinusitis. But Fructus Xanthii is toxicant, and it maybe result in poisoning when used excessively, without preparation or in inappropriate preparation. This article reviewed all poisoning cases from 1960 to 2000, its toxicology and methods for detoxification