RESUMEN
To understand the contamination characteristics and ecological risk of antibiotics in contaminated fields of pharmaceutical plantsï¼ samples of the surface soilï¼ soil columnï¼ wastewater treatment process waterï¼ ground waterï¼ and residue dregs were collected from two typical antibiotic pharmaceutical plants in South and North China. A total of 87 commonly used antibiotics were quantified using ultrasound extraction-solid phase extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that a total of 31 antibiotics of five classes were detected in all types of samplesï¼ and the maximum concentrations at each sampling point in the surface soilï¼ soil columnï¼ residue dregsï¼ wastewater treatment process waterï¼ and groundwater were 420 ng·g-1ï¼ 595 ng·g-1ï¼ 139 ng·g-1ï¼ 1 151 ng·L-1ï¼ and 6.65 ng·L-1ï¼ respectively. Most of the antibiotics were found in the surface soilï¼ showing a decreasing trend with the depth of the soil column. The ecological risk assessment indicated that sulfamethazineï¼ sulfaquinoxalineï¼ tetracyclineï¼ chlorotetracyclineï¼ and D-sorbitol were at higher risk. Improving the efficiency of antibiotic removal from pharmaceutical wastewater and preventing production shop leaks are effective measures of controlling antibiotic contamination into and around fields in pharmaceutical plants.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Antibacterianos/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Aguas Residuales , Agua/análisis , China , Suelo , Preparaciones FarmacéuticasRESUMEN
Nineteen biocides were investigated in the Yangtze River to understand their spatiotemporal distribution, mass loads and ecological risks. Fourteen biocides were detected, with the highest concentrations up to 166 ng/L for DEET in surface water, and 54.3 ng/g dry weight (dw) for triclocarban in sediment. The dominant biocides were DEET and methylparaben, with their detection frequencies of 100% in both phases. An estimate of 152 t/y of 14 biocides was carried by the Yangtze River to the East China Sea. The distribution of biocides in the aquatic environments was significantly correlated to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN), suggesting dominant input sources from domestic wastewater of the cities along the river. Risk assessment showed high ecological risks posed by carbendazim in both phases and by triclosan in sediment. Therefore, proper measures should be taken to reduce the input of biocides into the river systems.