[A multicenter, randomized, open and positive parallel controlled clinical study of clotrimazole vaginal expansion suppository and vaginal tablet in the treatment of mild and moderate vulvovaginal candidiasis].

Objective: Using clotrimazole vaginal tablet as a positive control, to evaluate the results of clotrimazole vaginal expansion suppository in the treatment of mild and moderate vulvovaginal candidiasis in terms of efficacy, patient satisfaction, side effects, and recurrence rate. Methods: This study was jointly conducted by 5 hospitals from August 2017 to October 2018, patients with mild and moderate vulvovaginal candidiasis confirmed by fungal culture and symptoms scores were selected. They were randomized to experimental group and control group as 1∶1 ratio. In the experimental group (n=105), the subjects applied clotrimazole vaginal expansion suppository (150 mg) daily at night for 7 days. In the control group (n=106), the subjects used a single dose of clotrimazole vaginal tablet (500 mg). Follow-ups were performed at (8±3) and (30±5) days after the discontinuation of the drugs, respectively. The difference in clinical symptoms and signs scores was used to evaluate the improvement of clinical symptoms, and the patient's satisfaction and side effects were recorded. Results: At the first follow-up, the experimental group and control group were followed up by fungal culture on the cure rate [66.7% (70/105) versus 63.2% (67/106), P>0.05] and total effective rate [98.1% (103/105) versus 99.1% (105/106), P>0.05], the differences were not statistically significant. At the second follow-up, the recurrence rates of the experimental group and the control group were 5.7% (4/70) and 14.9% (10/67), respectively, with no significant difference (P>0.05). In the evaluation of patient satisfaction, the leakage of the drug in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group (P<0.01). The side effects mainly included vaginal stimulation, itching and burning sensation, and there was no statistical difference between the two groups (χ2=1.070, P=0.586). Conclusions: In the treatment of mild and moderate vulvovaginal candidiasis, clotrimazole vaginal expansion suppository is no less effective than clotrimazole vaginal tablet, and there is no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two. In terms of patient satisfaction, clotrimazole vaginal expansion suppository is superior to clotrimazole vaginal tablet.

A new phenolic glycoside and a new trans-clerodane diterpene from Conyza blinii.

A new phenolic glycoside, 4-propionyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) and a new trans-clerodane diterpene named 19-deacetylconyzalactone (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Conyza blinii.

[Screening of anti-bacteria activity of extracts of Gaultheria leucocarpa var. yunnanensis].

OBJECTIVE: To further develop Gaultheria leucocarpa var. yunnanensis, anti-bacteria constituents in it were screened. METHOD: The constituents were extracted by chromatographic process. The anti-bacteria test was made with regulatory method of analysis. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Anti-bacteria test with extracts of water, acetic ester and n-butanol showed that 3 extracts from 22 samples had anti-Staphylococcus aureus action, and the extracts from root and stem showed the same result. 2 extracts could kill Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The lower the concentrate, the less the anti-bacteria action was. These results suggested that not only essential oil but other ingredients from G. leucocarpa var.yunnanensis have anti-bacteria activity. Anti-fungi test of the same extracts didn't indicate remarkable action.

[Studies on resources of ethnomedicine Gaultheria leucocarpa var. yunnanensis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the resources of G. leucocarpa var. yunnanensis for further development of this drug. METHOD: Field investigating, consulting with relevant experts and looking into available specimens. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: G. leucocarpa var. yunnanensis is widely distributed in the southern regions of the Yangtze River. The field investigation suggests that the distribution center is situated in Yunnan province, mainly in Kunming, Chuxiong and Dali counties. The climate in these areas is moderate and moist. G. leucocarpa var. yunnanensis is not a dominant species in this natural environment. In some places, it grows with other species of Gaultheria, such as G. fragrantissima, G. tetramera, G. griffithiana and G. leucocarpa var. cumingiana. It is distributed at altitudes from 400 m to 3,500 m. Accustomed to different sunshine conditions, G. leucocarpa var. yunnanensis prefers stronger sunlight and commonly grows on sunny slopes, seldom in dense forest, propagating itself by roots. As a folk medicine, G. leucocarpa var. yunnanensis is commonly used to treat rheumatic arthritis(RA), dazzling, suppressed menstruation, cold, cough, asthma, strain hematemesis, eczema, ascites, wound, amebic dysentery, acute and chronic prostatitis. It is suggested that further pharmacological and clinical researches of this plant be concentrated on the treatment of RA and relief of aches.

[Studies on chemical constituents of Gaultheria leucocarpa var. Yunnanensis (Franch.) T. Z. Hsu & R. C. Fang].

OBJECTIVE: To separate and identify the chemical constituents of the aerial part of Gaultheria leucocarpa var. yunnanensis. METHOD: The compounds were extracted with solvents, isolated by column chromatography and identified by spectral analysis. RESULT: Four compounds were identified as n-dotriacontane and its homologous compound(1), ursolic acid(2), vanillic acid(3), and quercitrin(4). CONCLUSION: The compounds 1, 4 were obtained from the plant for the first time, and 2 and 3 were from above-ground part of the plant for the first time.

[Non-anthraquinone constituents from Rheum sublanceolatum C. Y. Cheng et Kao].

OBJECTIVE: Study on the non-anthraquinone constituents from rhizoma and radix of Rheum sublanceolatum. METHOD: The constituents were isolated through column chromatography and identified on the basis of their physiochemical and spectral data. RESULT: Six non-anthraquinone constituents were isolated and identified as n-octacosanic acid, sitosterol, daucosterol, 2-methyl-5-carboxymethyl-7-hydroxychromone, piceatannol and 6-hydroxymusizin-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside. CONCLUSION: All these compounds were firstly isolated from R. sublanceolatum.

[Determination of flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba L. leaves from different producing areas].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the contents of flavonoids in the leaves of Ginkgo biloba gathered from 35 producing areas. METHODS: Separating and determining 3 flavonoid aglycones, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin, by high performance liquid chromatography, and there by calculating the total contents of flavonoids. RESULTS: The contents of flavonoids in the leaves of G. biloba gathered from different producing areas are different, but in those gathered from Pizhou, Zheng'an Xing'an, Anlu, etc. appear higher.

[Studies on chemical constituents of Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) R. Wight].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents of Cistanche tubulosa. METHOD: The chemical constituents were isolated by solvent extraction together with various chromatographic techniques including preparative HPLC. The structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical evidence and spectral data. RESULTS: Four iridoid glycosides, one lignan glycoside and one monoterpenoid were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract from the stem of C. tubulosa and identified as adoxosidic acid(I), 8-epiloganic acid(II), geniposidic acid (III), mussaenosidic acid(IV), (+)-syringaresinol-O-beta-D-gluco pyranoside(V) and 8-hydroxygeraniol(VI). CONCLUSION: Compounds I and VI were isolated from the genus of Cistanche for the first time. Compounds III, IV and V were isolated from this plant for the first time.

[The structure identification of Julibroside J6 from Albizia julibrissin Durazz].

OBJECTIVE: To study the saponin from Albizia julibrissin. METHODS: A saponin was separated by using chromatography and its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral data. RESULTS: A saponin was obtained and it's structure was identified as 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta- D-2-deoxy-2-acetamidoglucopyranosyl]-21-O-(6S-2-trans-2-hydroxymethyl- 6-methyl-6-O-[4-O-(6S-2-trans-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-6-hydroxy-2, 7-octadienoyl)-beta-D-quinovopyranosyl]-2, 7-octadienoyl)-acacic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-[alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl- (1-->4)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester. CONCLUSION: The saponin is a new compound named Julibroside J6.