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Interleukin-22 (IL-22) plays an important role in the treatment of organ failure, which can induce anti-apoptotic and proliferative signaling pathways; Nevertheless, the practical utilization of IL-22 is hindered by the restricted efficacy of its production. Pichia pastoris presents a viable platform for both industrial and pharmaceutical applications. In this study, we successfully generated a fusion protein consisting of truncated human serum albumin and human IL-22 (HSA-hIL-22) using P. pastoris, and examined the impact of antioxidants on HSA-hIL-22 production. We have achieved the production of HSA-hIL-22 in the culture medium at a yield of approximately 2.25 mg/ml. Moreover, 0-40 mM ascorbic acid supplementation did not significantly affect HSA-hIL-22 production or the growth rate of the recombinant strain. However, 80 mM ascorbic acid treatment had a detrimental effect on the expression of HSA-hIL-22. In addition, 5-10 mM N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) resulted in an increase of HSA-hIL-22 production, accompanied by a reduction in the growth rate of the recombinant strain. Conversely, 20-80 mM NAC supplementation inhibited the growth of the recombinant strains and reduced intact HSA-hIL-22 production. However, neither NAC nor ascorbic acid exhibited any effect on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, except that NAC increased GSH content. Furthermore, our findings indicate that recombinant HSA-hIL-22, which demonstrated the ability to stimulate the proliferation of HepG2 cells, possesses bioactivity. In addition, NAC did not affect HSA-hIL-22 bioactivity. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that NAC supplementation can enhance the secretion of functional HSA-hIL-22 proteins produced in P. pastoris without compromising their activity.
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Acetilcisteína , Albúmina Sérica Humana , Humanos , Acetilcisteína/farmacología , Albúmina Sérica Humana/genética , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Interleucina-22RESUMEN
Hui Yang Jiu Ji (HYJJ) decoction has been applied as a prescription of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF). However, its comprehensive molecular mechanism remains unclear now. Our study aimed to explore the possible function and lncRNA-miRNA regulation networks of HYJJ on CHF induced by doxorubicin (DOX) in rats. Our study showed that HYJJ could recover cardiac function and alleviate myocardial injury of DOX-induced CHF. Besides, HYJJ had an effect on restraining myocardial apoptosis in CHF rats. Moreover, RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis indicated that among a total of 548 significantly up- and down-regulated differentially expressed (DE) long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), 511 up- and down-regulated DE miRNAs were identified. Cushing's syndrome and Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes were common pathways between DE-lncRNAs-enriched pathways and DE-miRNAs-enriched pathways. Finally, we observed a new pathway-MSTRG.598.1/Lilrb2 pathway with the HYJJ treatment; however, it needs further studies. In conclusion, this study provided evidence that HYJJ may be a suitable medicine for treating CHF. Moreover, several pivotal miRNAs may serve important roles in these processes by regulating some key miRNAs or pathways in CHF.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , MicroARNs , ARN Largo no Codificante , Animales , Ratas , Doxorrubicina , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/tratamiento farmacológico , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/genética , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Miocardio/metabolismo , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The modulation of gut microbiota dysbiosis might regulate the progression of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Here, we found that polyphenol-rich Liupao tea extract (PLE) prevents high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MAFLD in ApoE-/- male mice accompanied by protection of the intestinal barrier and downregulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-related Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) signaling in the liver. Fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) from PLE-and-HFD-treated mice delayed MAFLD development significantly compared with FMT from HFD-treated mice. In this case, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that Rikenellaceae and Odoribacter were significantly enriched and that Helicobacter was significantly decreased in not only the HFD+PLE group but also the HFD+PLE-FMT group. Furthermore, the level of 3-sulfodeoxycholic acid was significantly decreased in the HFD+PLE-FMT group compared with the HFD-FMT group. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that PLE could modulate the MAFLD phenotype in mice and that this effect is partly mediated through modulation of the gut microbiota.
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Enfermedades del Sistema Digestivo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Hepatopatías , Enfermedades Metabólicas , Masculino , Ratones , Animales , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Polifenoles/farmacología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , TéRESUMEN
The mechanistic role of the airway microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains largely unexplored. We present a landscape of airway microbe-host interactions in COPD through an in-depth profiling of the sputum metagenome, metabolome, host transcriptome and proteome from 99 patients with COPD and 36 healthy individuals in China. Multi-omics data were integrated using sequential mediation analysis, to assess in silico associations of the microbiome with two primary COPD inflammatory endotypes, neutrophilic or eosinophilic inflammation, mediated through microbial metabolic interaction with host gene expression. Hypotheses of microbiome-metabolite-host interaction were identified by leveraging microbial genetic information and established metabolite-human gene pairs. A prominent hypothesis for neutrophil-predominant COPD was altered tryptophan metabolism in airway lactobacilli associated with reduced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which was in turn linked to perturbed host interleukin-22 signalling and epithelial cell apoptosis pathways. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that airway microbiome-derived IAA mitigates neutrophilic inflammation, apoptosis, emphysema and lung function decline, via macrophage-epithelial cell cross-talk mediated by interleukin-22. Intranasal inoculation of two airway lactobacilli restored IAA and recapitulated its protective effects in mice. These findings provide the rationale for therapeutically targeting microbe-host interaction in COPD.
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Interacciones Microbiota-Huesped , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Animales , Humanos , Inflamación , Ratones , Neutrófilos , EsputoRESUMEN
The complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D) exacerbates brain infarction in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Because butyrate-producing bacteria are decreased in T2D and butyrate has been reported to be associated with attenuated brain injury in AIS, we hypothesize that administering butyrate could ameliorate T2D-associated exacerbation of brain infarction in AIS. Therefore, we first validated that Chinese AIS patients with T2D comorbidity have significantly lower levels of fecal butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate than AIS patients without T2D. Then, we performed a 4-week intervention in T2D mice receiving either sodium butyrate (SB) or sodium chloride (NaCl) and found that SB improved the diabetic phenotype, altered the gut microbiota, and ameliorated brain injury after stroke. Fecal samples were collected from T2D mice after SB or NaCl treatment and were transplanted into antibiotic-treated C57BL/6 mice. After 2 weeks of transplantation, the gut microbiota profile and butyrate level of recipient mice were tested, and then the recipient mice were subjected to ischemic stroke. Stroke mice that received gut microbiota from SB-treated mice had a smaller cerebral infarct volume than mice that received gut microbiota from NaCl-treated mice. This protection was also associated with improvements in gut barrier function, reduced serum levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS binding protein (LBP), and proinflammatory cytokines, and improvements in the blood-brain barrier. IMPORTANCE Ischemic stroke is a major global health burden, and T2D is a well-known comorbidity that aggravates brain injury after ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanism by which T2D exacerbates stroke injury has not been completely elucidated. A large amount of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota composition affects stroke outcomes. Our results showed that the gut microbiota of T2D aggravated brain injury after ischemic stroke and could be modified by SB to afford neuroprotection against stroke injury. These findings suggest that supplementation with SB is a potential therapeutic strategy for T2D patients with ischemic stroke.
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Infarto Encefálico/tratamiento farmacológico , Lesiones Encefálicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácido Butírico/uso terapéutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patología , Trasplante de Microbiota Fecal , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Infarto Encefálico/patología , Citocinas/sangre , Femenino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Humanos , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico/patología , Lipopolisacáridos/sangre , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Transgénicos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the wound healing efficacy of oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC)/collagen dressing and ORC/collagen/silver-ORC dressings compared to standard of care or control in treatment of chronic skin wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), venous leg ulcers (VLUs), and pressure injuries sore ulcers (PISUs). METHODS: An electronic search was carried out in four popular databases PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and CENTRAL to identify thirteen included studies, comparing the clinical efficacy of ORC/collagen dressings when compared to control in management of chronic skin wounds, especially DFUs, VLUs, and PISUs, and skin graft donor site wounds. RESULTS: Consolidated data from thirteen comparative clinical studies undertaken for management of DFUs, VLUs, and PISUs showed favorable outcomes towards use of ORC/collagen compared to other traditional and hydrocolloid foam dressings in terms of wound healing rate (P=0.02) and percentage wound relative reduction (P=0.003). The time taken to achieve complete wound healing in the included studies did not show any statistical significant difference (P=0.24). There was no significant difference in adverse events between ORC/collagen-treated group and comparative group (P=0.19). CONCLUSION: ORC/collagen wound dressings are beneficial in terms of improved wound healing rate and percentage wound relative reduction compared to already existing traditional standard of care with non-MMP, inhibiting biomaterials such as moistened gauze, autologous growth factors, hydrocolloid foam dressings, or ovine extracellular matrix.
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Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating cerebrovascular disease with a high mortality rate affecting individuals worldwide. After ICH, persistent inflammation results in the death of brain cells, as well as the promotion of secondary brain injury. Verbascoside (VB), an active component in herbal medicine, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that VB improves recovery of neuronal function after spinal cord injury in rats. In this study, we investigated whether VB limited inflammation induced by ICH through the targeting of NLRP3, which is associated with acute inflammation and apoptosis. Administration of VB reduced neurological impairment and pathological abnormalities associated with ICH, while increasing cell viability of neurons. This was achieved through NLRP3 inhibition and microglial activation. VB treatment decreased neuronal damage when co-cultured with microglia. Furthermore, knockout of NLRP3 eliminated the ability of VB to inhibit inflammation, cell death or protect neurons. Taken together, VB suppressed the inflammatory response following ICH by inhibiting NLRP3.
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Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Hemorragia Cerebral/tratamiento farmacológico , Glucósidos/uso terapéutico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Fenoles/uso terapéutico , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Hemorragia Cerebral/complicaciones , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Inflamación/etiología , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Microglía/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/deficienciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A semi-supervised model is proposed for extracting clinical terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine using feature words. METHODS: The extraction model is based on BiLSTM-CRF and combined with semi-supervised learning and feature word set, which reduces the cost of manual annotation and leverage extraction results. RESULTS: Experiment results show that the proposed model improves the extraction of five types of TCM clinical terms, including traditional Chinese medicine, symptoms, patterns, diseases and formulas. The best F1-value of the experiment reaches 78.70% on the test dataset. CONCLUSIONS: This method can reduce the cost of manual labeling and improve the result in the NER research of TCM clinical terms.
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Medicina Tradicional China , Aprendizaje Automático Supervisado , HumanosRESUMEN
Identification of risk factors for antibiotic treatment failure is urgently needed in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Here we investigated the relationship between sputum microbiome and clinical outcome of choice of initial antibiotics during hospitalization of AECOPD patients. Sputum samples of 41 AECOPD patients and 26 healthy controls were collected from Guangzhou Medical University, China. Samples were processed for 16S rRNA gene-based microbiome profiling. Thirty patients recovered with initial antibiotic treatment (antibiotic success or AS), while 11 patients showed poor outcome (antibiotic failure or AF). Substantial differences in microbiome were observed in AF versus AS patients and healthy controls. There was significantly decreased alpha diversity and increased relative abundances of Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Stenotrophomonas and Ralstonia in AF patients. Conversely, Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, Leptotrichia and Selenomonas were depleted. The prevalence of Selenomonas was markedly reduced in AF versus AS patients (9.1 % versus 60.0 %, P = 0.004). The AF patients with similar microbiome profiles in general responded well to the same new antibiotics in the adjusted therapy, indicating sputum microbiome may help guide the adjustment of antibiotics. Random forest analysis identified five microbiome operational taxonomic units together with C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and blood neutrophil count showing best predictability for antibiotic treatment outcome (area under curve 0.885). Functional inference revealed an enrichment of microbial genes in xenobiotic metabolism and antimicrobial resistance in AF patients, whereas genes in DNA repair and amino acid metabolism were depleted. Sputum microbiome may determine the clinical outcome of initial antibiotic treatment and be considered in the risk management of antibiotics in AECOPD.
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Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Hospitalización , Pulmón/microbiología , Microbiota , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Esputo/microbiología , Anciano , Antibacterianos/efectos adversos , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Pacientes Internos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos Piloto , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/microbiología , Ribotipificación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Herein, we presented two novel turn-on colorimetric and fluorescent probes based on a F- triggered SiO bond cleavage reaction, which displayed several desired properties for the quantitative detection for F-, such as high specificity, rapid response time (within 3â¯min) and naked-eye visualization. The fluorescence intensity at 574â¯nm (absorbance at 544â¯nm) of the solution was found to increase linearly with the concentration of F- (0.00-30.0⯵M) with the detection limit was estimated to be 0.47⯵M/0.48⯵M. Based on these excellent optical properties, the probes were employed to monitor F- in real water samples and tea samples with satisfactory. Furthermore, it was successfully applied for fluorescent imaging of F- in living nude mice, suggesting that it could be used as a powerful tool to predict and explore the biological functions of F- in physiological and pathological processes.
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Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Fluoruros/análisis , Imagen Óptica/métodos , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia/métodos , Xantonas/química , Animales , Colorimetría , Límite de Detección , Modelos Lineales , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Té/química , Agua/químicaRESUMEN
Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) is a public health concern worldwide, but comprehensive analysis of risk factors for CRPA remains limited in China. We conducted a retrospective observational study of carbapenem resistance in 71,880 P. aeruginosa isolates collected in Zhejiang Province during 2015-2017. We analyzed risk factors for CRPA, including the type of clinical specimen; the year, season, and region in which it was collected; patient information, including age, whether they were an outpatient or inpatient, and whether inpatients were in the intensive care unit or general ward; and the level of hospital submitting isolates. We found CRPA was more prevalent among isolates from patients >60 years of age and in inpatients, especially in intensive care units. In addition, specimen types and seasons in which they were collected were associated with higher rates of CRPA. Our findings can help hospitals reduce the spread of P. aeruginosa and optimize antimicrobial drug use.
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Carbapenémicos/uso terapéutico , Infección Hospitalaria/etiología , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/etiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Niño , Preescolar , China/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/microbiología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto Joven , Resistencia betalactámicaRESUMEN
Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) strains that also exhibit resistance to tigecycline and colistin have become a major clinical concern, as these two agents are the last-resort antibiotics used for treatment of CRKP infections. A leukemia patient infected with CRKP was subjected to follow-up analysis of variation in phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of CRKP strains isolated from various specimens at different stages of treatment over a period of 3 years. Our data showed that (1) carbapenem treatment led to the emergence of CRKP in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the patient, which subsequently caused infections at other body sites as well as septicemia; (2) treatment with tigecycline led to the emergence of tigecycline-resistant CRKP, possibly through induction of the expression of a variant tet(A) gene located in a conjugative plasmid; (3) colistin treatment was effective in clearing CRKP from the bloodstream but led to the emergence of mcr-1-positive Enterobacteriaceae strains as well as colistin-resistant CRKP in the GI tract due to inactivation of the mgrB gene; and (4) tigecycline- and colistin-resistant CRKP could persist in the human GI tract for a prolonged period even without antibiotic selection pressure. In conclusion, clinical CRKP strains carrying a conjugative plasmid that harbors the blaKPC-2 and tet(A) variant genes readily evolve into tigecycline- and colistin-resistant CRKP upon treatment with these two antibiotics and persist in the human GI tract.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Diarrea/microbiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Heces/microbiología , Tracto Gastrointestinal/microbiología , Infecciones por Klebsiella/microbiología , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Leucemia Monocítica Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Carbapenémicos/farmacología , Carbapenémicos/uso terapéutico , Caspofungina , Colistina/farmacología , Colistina/uso terapéutico , Diarrea/fisiopatología , Equinocandinas/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Infecciones por Klebsiella/tratamiento farmacológico , Klebsiella pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , Leucemia Monocítica Aguda/fisiopatología , Lipopéptidos/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Minociclina/análogos & derivados , Minociclina/uso terapéutico , Tigeciclina , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of auricular acupoint bloodletting in treatment of insomnia METHODS: Participants (n = 60) with insomnia were randomized into two groups to receive treatment of auricular acupoint bloodletting: low frequency group, 1 times/week for five weeks (n = 30); high frequency group, 2times/week for two weeks (n = 30). The following outcomes were measured blindly at baseline, after first treatment, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks: Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale (PSQI). RESULTS: The groups were balanced at baseline for insomnia and demographic characteristics. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of any of the outcomes, at the first follow-up time point. However, the therapeutic effect of LFG (once per week) is obviously lower than that of HFG (twice per week). In addition, there was no significant difference in the side effects between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The treatment of insomnia with different frequencies of auricular acupoint bloodletting is effective and has less side effects. More reasonable treatment frequencies are worth further study.
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Puntos de Acupuntura , Venodisección , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos Piloto , Sueño , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/fisiopatología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Radiation enteropathy is a common complication in cancer patients following radiation therapy. Thus, there is a need for agents that can protect the intestinal epithelium against radiation. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) has been shown to induce differentiation and/or apoptosis in multiple cell lines and primary cells. In the current report, we studied the function of TPA in radiation induced enteropathy in cultured rat intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6 after ionizing radiation (IR) and in mice after high dose total-body gamma-IR (TBI). In IEC-6 cells, there were reduced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in TPA treated cells after IR. We detected a four-fold increase in crypt cell survival and a two-fold increase in animal survival post TBI in TPA treated mice. The beneficial effects of TPA were accompanied by upregulation of stem cells markers and higher level of proteins that are involved in PKC signaling pathway. In addition, TPA also decreased the TBI-augmented levels of the DNA damage indicators. The effects were only observed when TPA was given before irradiation. These results suggest that TPA has the ability to modulate intestinal crypt stem cells survival and this may represent a promising countermeasure against radiation induced enteropathy.
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Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de la radiación , Mucosa Intestinal/citología , Células Madre/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre/efectos de la radiación , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacología , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de la radiación , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular/efectos de la radiación , Línea Celular , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Daño del ADN/efectos de la radiación , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Proteína Quinasa C/metabolismo , Traumatismos por Radiación/genética , Traumatismos por Radiación/metabolismo , Traumatismos por Radiación/mortalidad , Traumatismos por Radiación/patología , Protectores contra Radiación/farmacología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de la radiación , Células Madre/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of clinical pathways in the hospitals using the Traditional Chinese Medicine in treatment of stroke in terms of postoperative complications, length of stay (LOS), costs incurred during hospitalization, compared with standard medical care. METHODS: Medline, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) platforms, Wanfang databases and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. The search was performed up to August 2014. Each study was assessed independently by two reviewers. The assessment of methodological quality of the included studies was based on the Methodological index for non-randomized studies standard. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan software, version 5.0. RESULTS: Six studies met the study inclusion criteria and were included in the Meta-analysis for a total sample of 710 patients. The aggregate overall results showed that shorter length of stay in the clinical pathway group was observed during hospital stay was associated with the use of the clinical pathways. No significant differences were found in other effects. CONCLUSION: Regardless the possible limitations, our findings show that clinical pathways can significantly reduce LOS. Although there is no clear evidence that clinical pathways can reduce hospital costs, but the cost of hospitalization path group for each included study were lower than the control group.
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Vías Clínicas , Accidente Cerebrovascular/terapia , China , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Hospitalización , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación , Medicina Tradicional ChinaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the curative effect of Zeng Ye decoction on primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and further explore its underlying mechanism involving aquaporin (AQP)1 and AQP5. The pSS model was established based on the immune induction method, and the saliva flow, submandibular gland index, morphological structures of salivary glands, and AQP1 and AQP5 protein expression levels in the salivary glands were determined. The saliva flow and the submandibular gland index were significantly reduced in the model group (P<0.01, compared with those in the control group), and significantly increased following interferon (IFN), Zeng Ye decoction extraction (ZYE) and Zeng Ye decoction (ZY) treatment (P<0.01, compared with those of the model group). Submandibular gland atrophy, fibrous tissue hyperplasia and multiple focal lymphocytic infiltration were observed in the model group and were attenuated when subjected to IFN, ZYE and ZY treatment. The AQP1 and AQP5 expression levels increased following IFN, ZYE and ZY treatment (P<0.01, compared with those of the model group), particularly in the ZYE35 group. This result indicated that ZYE had a significant protective effect on pSS via upregulation of the expression levels of AQP1 and/or AQP5. However, the AQP1 expression levels increased and the AQP5 expression levels decreased in the model groups compared with those in the control group, which indicated different regulatory pathways of the salivary gland damage on the basis of AQP1 and AQP5. This study provided a significant reference for the prevention and treatment of pSS.
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Acuaporina 1/metabolismo , Acuaporina 5/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Síndrome de Sjögren/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Medicina Tradicional China , Ratones , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Glándulas Salivales/metabolismo , Scrophularia/química , Scrophularia/metabolismo , Síndrome de Sjögren/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome de Sjögren/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study was the first of its kind to analyze the finance protection in New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme in China using a claim database analysis. METHODS: A claim database analysis of all hospitalizations reimbursed from the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme between January 2005 and December 2008 in Panyu district of Guangzhou covering 108,414 discharges was conducted to identify the difference in real reimbursement rate among 5 hospitalization cost categories by sex, age, and hospital type and to investigate the distributions of hospital-type choices among age and hospitalization cost categories. RESULTS: The share of total cost reimbursed was only 34% on average, and increased with age but decreased with higher hospitalization cost, undermining catastrophic coverage. Older people were more likely to be hospitalized at lower level hospitals with higher reimbursement rate. The mean cost per hospitalization and average length of stay increased whereas the real reimbursement rate decreased with hospital level among the top 4 diseases with the same ICD-10 diagnostic code (3-digit level) for each age group. CONCLUSIONS: Providing better protection against costly medical needs will require shifting the balance of objectives somewhat away from cost control toward more generous reimbursement, expanding the list of treatments that the insurance will cover, or some other policy to provide adequate care at lower cost facilities where more of the cost is now covered.
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Costos de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Hospitalización/economía , Reembolso de Seguro de Salud/economía , Servicios de Salud Rural/economía , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Niño , Preescolar , China , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Revisión de Utilización de Seguros/estadística & datos numéricos , Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Programas Nacionales de Salud/economía , Factores Sexuales , Factores Socioeconómicos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Nineteen carbapenem-nonsusceptible Proteus mirabilis isolates were recovered from intensive care units in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University during a 3-month period. The isolates showed a high level of resistance against ciprofloxacin, in addition to their resistance against the carbapenems. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis showed that these isolates belonged to three clonal strains. PCRs and DNA sequence analysis of the carbapenemase and other ß-lactamase genes indicated that all the isolates harbored the bla(KPC-2) gene. Twelve of 19 isolates harbored the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, both the qnrD and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes. Eight representative isolates with high levels of quinolone resistance carried the similar mutation profiles of S83I in gyrA, E466D in gyrB, and S80I in parC. Reduced carbapenem susceptibility was transferred to Escherichia coli (EC600) in a conjugation experiment, while the quinolone resistance was not. DNA hybridization showed that qnrD was located on a plasmid of approximately 4.5 kb. In summary, large clonally related isolates of KPC-2-producing P. mirabilis emerged in a Chinese hospital, and qnrD was detected in KPC-producing P. mirabilis for the first time.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Infección Hospitalaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Genes Bacterianos , Infecciones por Proteus/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteus mirabilis/genética , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Carbapenémicos/administración & dosificación , Carbapenémicos/uso terapéutico , China , Ciprofloxacina/administración & dosificación , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapéutico , Células Clonales , Conjugación Genética , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/efectos de los fármacos , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Escherichia coli/genética , Genes Bacterianos/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Plásmidos/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Infecciones por Proteus/microbiología , Proteus mirabilis/aislamiento & purificación , Quinolonas/administración & dosificación , Quinolonas/uso terapéutico , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , beta-Lactamasas/genéticaRESUMEN
Changes in neuronal synchronization have been found in patients and animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Synchronized behaviors within neuronal networks are important to such complex cognitive processes as working memory. The mechanisms behind these changes are not understood but may involve the action of soluble beta-amyloid (Abeta) on electrical networks. In order to determine if Abeta can induce changes in neuronal synchronization, the activities of pyramidal neurons were recorded in rat prefrontal cortical (PFC) slices under calcium-free conditions using multi-neuron patch clamp technique. Electrical network activities and synchronization among neurons were significantly inhibited by low dose Abeta42 (1 nM) and initially by high dose Abeta42 (500 nM). However, prolonged application of high dose Abeta42 resulted in network activation and tonic firing. Underlying these observations, we discovered that prolonged application of low and high doses of Abeta42 induced opposite changes in action potential (AP)-threshold and after-hyperpolarization (AHP) of neurons. Accordingly, low dose Abeta42 significantly increased the AP-threshold and deepened the AHP, making neurons less excitable. In contrast, high dose Abeta42 significantly reduced the AP-threshold and shallowed the AHP, making neurons more excitable. These results support a model that low dose Abeta42 released into the interstitium has a physiologic feedback role to dampen electrical network activity by reducing neuronal excitability. Higher concentrations of Abeta42 over time promote supra-synchronization between individual neurons by increasing their excitability. The latter may disrupt frontal-based cognitive processing and in some cases lead to epileptiform discharges.
Asunto(s)
Péptidos beta-Amiloides/farmacología , Fenómenos Electrofisiológicos/efectos de los fármacos , Red Nerviosa/efectos de los fármacos , Fragmentos de Péptidos/farmacología , Corteza Prefrontal/fisiología , Células Piramidales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Piramidales/fisiología , Potenciales de Acción/efectos de los fármacos , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/administración & dosificación , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Técnicas In Vitro , Red Nerviosa/fisiología , Inhibición Neural/efectos de los fármacos , Fragmentos de Péptidos/administración & dosificación , Corteza Prefrontal/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Although great development has been achieved in the English translation of traditional Chinese medicine terms, there are still a lot of nonstandard English translation of traditional Chinese medicine recipes name, which were discussed by the authors in the paper.