DHA supplementation and pregnancy complications.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation is recommended for women during pregnancy because of its neurological, visual, and cognitive effects. Previous studies have suggested that DHA supplementation during pregnancy may prevent and treat certain pregnancy complications. However, there are contradictions in the current related studies, and the specific mechanism by which DHA acts remains unclear. This review summarizes the research on the relationship between DHA intake during pregnancy and preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and postpartum depression. Furthermore, we explore the impact of DHA intake during pregnancy on the prediction, prevention, and treatment of pregnancy complications as well as its impact on offspring neurodevelopment. Our results suggest that there is limited and controversial evidence for the protective effect of DHA intake on pregnancy complications, with the exception of preterm birth and gestational diabetes mellitus. However, additional DHA supplementation may improve long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring of women with pregnancy complications.

Vielopsides A-E, five new guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid dimers from Xylopia vielana.

Five new guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid dimers vielopsides A-E, connecting patterns through two direct CC bonds (C-2 to C-2', C-4 to C-1'), were isolated from the roots of Xylopia vielana. Their absolute configurations were established by NOE analysis, the Cu Kα X-ray crystallographic and circular dichroism (CD) experiment. Among them, compound 5 showed moderate activity IC50 values of 33.8 µM on NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Three new alkaloids from Xylopia vielana and their antiinflammatory activities.

Three new aporphine alkaloids, xylopialoids A-C (1-3), along with three known aporphine alkioids (4-6) and three other known compounds (7-9) were isolated from the roots of Xylopia vielana. Among these three new aporphine alkaloids, xylopialoid C (3) showed a special carbamido group directly connected to the nitrogen. The chemical structures of these nine compounds were determined by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR, MS, CD spectrum and Cu Kα X-ray crystallographic analyses. All these six alkaloids were firstly tested for the inhibitory activities against the production of NO in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Among these compounds, 4 showed a potential inhibitory activity against the production of nitric oxide with IC50 value of 1.39 µM.

Unusual metal complex of cadinane sesquiterpene alkaloid and new neolignan glycosides from Alangium alpinum.

One unusual metal complex of cadinane sesquiterpene alkaloid (1), one new cadinane sesquiterpene alkaloid (2) and two new neolignan glycosides (3-4) along with six known cadinane sesquiterpene derivatives (5-10), nineteen known phenolic glycosides (11-29) were isolated from the aerial parts of Alangium alpinum. Structures of new crystals of metal complex were characterized by X-Ray diffraction and ICP-AES analysis. Other new compounds were elucidated by combined use and detailed analysis of HR-ESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR and CD spectroscopic method. In addition, all isolated compounds were tested for their inhibitory effects against TNF-α induced NF-κB activation in Hela cells and NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Seven new lignan glycosides from the branches of Alangium kurzii Craib var. laxifolium.

Seven new lignan glycosides (1-3, 8-10, and 14) and 17 known compounds were isolated from the branches of Alangium kurzii Craib var. laxifolium. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis and circular dichroism (CD) and X-ray analysis. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus CI1011, Streptococcus suis CI1608, Salmonella gallinarum CI0912, Enterococcus faecalis CI1304, Aeromonas hydrophila CI1008, Escherichia coli CI151012, Vibrio parahaemolyticus CI150506, Klebsiella pneumoniae CI131216, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CI1011, Staphylococcus epidermidis CI1110, and Streptococcus agalactiae CI1302. Their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by serial dilution in 96-well culture plates.