[Mechanism of Qiwei Guibao Granules in treatment of premature ovarian failure based on proteomics].

In this study, the underlying mechanism of Qiwei Guibao Granules(QWGB) in the treatment of premature ovarian fai-lure(POF) was explored by the proteomics technique. Firstly, the POF model was induced in mice by intragastric administration of Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides solution at 50 mg·kg~(-1) for 14 days. Ten days prior to the end of the modeling, the estrous cycle of mice was observed every day to evaluate the success of modeling. From the 1st day after modeling, the POF model mice were treated with QWGB by gavage every day and the treatment lasted four weeks. On the 2nd day after the end of the experiment, blood was collected from the eyeballs and the serum was separated by centrifugation. The ovaries and uterus were collected and the adipose tissues were carefully stripped. The organ indexes of the ovaries and uterus of each group were calculated. The serum estrogen(E_2) level of mice in each group was detected by ELISA. Protein samples were extracted from ovarian tissues of mice, and the differential proteins before and after QWGB intervention and before and after modeling were analyzed by quantitative proteomics using tandem mass tags(TMT). As revealed by the analysis of differential proteins, QWGB could regulate 26 differentially expressed proteins related to the POF model induced by T. wilfordii glycosides, including S100A4, STAR, adrenodoxin oxidoreductase, XAF1, and PBXIP1. GO enrichment results showed that the 26 differential proteins were mainly enriched in biological processes and cellular components. The results of KEGG enrichment showed that those differential proteins were involved in signaling pathways such as completion and coalescence cascades, focal adhesion, arginine biosynthesis, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. The complement and coalescence cascades signaling pathway was presumably the target pathway of QWGB in the treatment of POF. In this study, the proteomics technique was used to screen the differential proteins of QWGB in the treatment of POF in mice induced by T. wilfordii glycosides, and they were mainly involved in immune regulation, apoptosis regulation, complement and coagulation cascade reactions, cholesterol metabolism, and steroid hormone production, which may be the main mechanisms of QWGB in the treatment of POF.

Nitric oxide affects seed oil accumulation and fatty acid composition through protein S-nitrosation.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule regulating several plant developmental and stress responses. Here, we report that NO plays an important role in seed oil content and fatty acid composition. RNAi silencing of Arabidopsis S-nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (GSNOR1) led to reduced seed oil content. In contrast, nitrate reductase double mutant nia1nia2 had increased seed oil content, compared with wild-type plants. Moreover, the concentrations of palmitic acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3) were higher, whereas those of stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), and arachidonic acid (C20:1) were lower, in seeds of GSNOR1 RNAi lines. Similar results were obtained with rapeseed embryos cultured in vitro with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and the NO inhibitor NG-Nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME). Compared with non-treated embryos, the oil content decreased in SNP-treated embryos, and increased in L-NAME-treated embryos. Relative concentrations of C16:0, C18:2 and C18:3 were higher, whereas C18:1 concentration decreased in rapeseed embryos treated with SNP. Proteomics and transcriptome analysis revealed that three S-nitrosated proteins and some key genes involved in oil synthesis, were differentially regulated in SNP-treated embryos. Therefore, regulating NO content could be a novel approach to increasing seed oil content in cultivated oil crops.

[Observation on therapeutic effect of three needling method on piriformis injury syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To search for an effective needling method for treatment of piriformis injury syndrome. METHODS: Eighty-two cases were randomly divided into a three needling group and a routine needling group, 41 cases in each group. The three needling group were treated by acupuncture at Huantiao (GB 30), Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Shenmai (BL 62), with needling shallow, middle and deep layers for Huantiao, Yanglingquan, and after acupuncture massage was given at the Foot-Taiyang Channel and the Foot-Shaoyang Channel on lumbosacral region and the affected foot. The routine needling group were treated by routine needling at Huantiao (GB 30), Juliao (GB 29), Chengfu (BL 36), Yanglingquan (GB 34), massage was given also. Their therapeutic effects were compared. RESULTS: The cured rate was 87.8% in the three needling group and 63.4% in the routine needling group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The therapeutic effect of three needling method on piriformis injury syndrome is better than that of routine needling.

[The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intranasal preparation of Panax notoginseng Saponins].

AIM: To investigate the pharmacokinetic course of intranasal powders of Panax notoginseng Saponins (PNS) in a rat model and its protective effects against cardio-cerebrovascular diseases administrated in the form of its suspension. METHODS: After administration, Rgl concentration in the serum was analyzed by HPLC and the absolute bioavailability was calculated. The protective effects against cardia-cerebrovascular diseases were studied on actue myocardial infarction model in rats built by occlusion of left coronary artery and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model in gerbils built by occlusion of bilateral common carotid artery (CCA). RESULTS: The in vivo course of Rgl in rats conformed to two-compartment model after intranasal administration of PNS suspension and the absolute bioavailability was 103.56%. The suspension significantly reduced myocardial infarct size induced by occlusion of the left coronary artery, alleviated cerebral edema and the stroke symptoms induced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid artery (CCA). And the effects were dose-dependent, the higher dose, the better effects. CONCLUSION: The results of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics demonstrated that PNS intranasal preparation has a pretty prospect to develop.