Clinical efficacy of Danhong injection in preventing contrast-induced acute kidney injury based on propensity score matching method. / åŸºäºŽå€¾å‘æ€§åŒ¹é æ³•è¯„ä»·ä¸¹çº¢æ³¨å°„æ¶²é¢„é˜²é€ å½±å‰‚è¯±å¯¼çš„æ€¥æ€§è‚¾æŸä¼¤çš„ä¸´åºŠæ•ˆæžœ.

OBJECTIVES: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the third cause of hospital-acquired AKI, and existing clinical prevention and treatment measures such as hydration therapy and/or administration of antioxidants N-acetylcysteine treatment and other treatments still show little effect on the prevention and treatment of CI-AKI. This study aims to explore the effect of Danhong injection on prevention of CI-AKI. METHODS: A total of 12 867 patients, who received coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, enhanced CT or vascular intervention in a tertiary hospital, were enrolled for this study. Among them, 423 in the treatment group received intravenous drip of Danhong injection, and 12 444 in the control group received routine medicine. Propensity score matching was conducted to balance confounding factors between the 2 groups and then the prevention effect of Danhong injection on CI-AKI was compared between them. RESULTS: A total of 423 pairs of patients were matched successfully. The incidence of CI-AKI in the non-Danhong control group was higher than that in the Danhong treatment group (5.7% vs 2.4%). The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). CI-AKI occurred maily in the Stage 1 in both the non-Danhong control group and the Danhong treatment group. The number of patients with Stage 1 of AKI in the control group was more than that in the treatment group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of AKI in Stage 2 and Stage 3 was less in both groups, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the use of Danhong injection in the prevention of the Stage 1 of CI-AKI.

Effects of Ginkgo biloba extracts on diazepam metabolism: a pharmacokinetic study in healthy Chinese male subjects.

AIM: It has been reported that Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is an inducer or inhibitor of microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19, and diazepam is a substrate of CYP2C19. Thus, it could be expected that GBE may alter the metabolism of diazepam. METHODS: The pharmacokinetic parameters of diazepam and one of its metabolites, N-demethyldiazepam, were compared after oral administration of diazepam (10 mg) in the absence or presence of oral GBE (120 mg bid, for 28 days) in 12 healthy volunteers. The pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a noncompartmental method. RESULTS: The 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the ratios of mean pharmacokinetic parameters of diazepam presence and absence of GBE were well within the 80-125% bioequivalence range, indicating no pharmacokinetic interaction. The ratio of AUC(0-408) with GBE to AUC(0-408) without GBE was 95.2 (90%CI: 91.6-98.8) and 101.8 (90%CI: 99.4-104.1) for diazepam and N-desmethyldiazepam, respectively. The two drugs were well tolerated, and no drug-related serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: The above data suggest that GBE, when taken in normally recommended doses over a 4-week time period, may not affect the pharmacokinetics of diazepam via CYP2C19 and the excretion of N-desmethyldiazepam in healthy volunteers. No drug-drug interaction was observed between GBE and diazepam.