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1.
J Pharm Biomed Anal ; 255: 116595, 2024 Nov 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39631165

RESUMEN

Saposhnikovia divaricata (SD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) which has been commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, its active components and mechanism of anti-RA are still unclear. Targeting rheumatoid arthritis-fibroblastoid synovial (RA-FLS) and synovial macrophages are promising strategies for RA treatment, and their membrane receptors are important targets for anti-RA active substances. A dual channel 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS) modified 2D cell membrane chromatography (CMC) system was established to characterize dual-cell membrane binding active components in SD. Nine components retained on RAW-CMC column and 8 components retained on FLS-CMC column were screened out. Among them, 8 components retained well on both CMC columns. We further validate the pharmacological activity of 5-O-methylvisammioside, 3'-O-angeloylhamaudol, imperatorin, phellopterin and anomalin. They could efficiently target both inflammatory macrophages and fibroblast synovial cells, reduce the release of inflammatory factors, inhibit abnormal cell proliferation, and promote cell apoptosis. 5-O-methylvisammioside, which exhibited the best pharmacological ability on both target cells, inhibited the NF-κB pathway. Our results showed that the dual channel MPTS modified 2D CMC system is a practical method for rapid screening the active components in TCM binding on multiple target cells' membrane protein of a disease. The method is very suitable for elucidating the mechanism of TCM with multiple-components and targets, and rapid screening of lead compounds.

2.
Phytother Res ; 2024 Dec 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39698933

RESUMEN

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury has emerged as an increasingly serious cardiovascular health concern worldwide, with ferroptosis playing a pivotal role as the underlying pathogenic process. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effect and mechanism of Ilexgenin A on cardiomyocyte ferroptosis induced by myocardial I/R injury. In vivo, we established a murine anterior descending artery ligation/recanalization model to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of Ilexgenin A. Bioinformatics analysis, molecular docking, and Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging were conducted to predict the pharmacological targets of Ilexgenin A. In vitro experiments, the neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were utilized to further explore the mechanism of Ilexgenin A in inhibiting ferroptosis using chemiluminescence and immunofluorescence staining, electron microscopy, biochemical assay, RT-qPCR, western blotting, and so on. The results showed that Ilexgenin A protected against cardiac dysfunction, ameliorated myocardial ferroptosis and mitochondrial damage induced by murine myocardial I/R injury via the silence information regulator 1 (SIRT1) pathway, the trend was consistently observed in NRCMs. Additionally, the SIRT1 knockdown by siRNA delivery partially abrogated the beneficial effects of Ilexgenin A on ameliorating mitochondrial damage, and then aggravated erastin-induced ferroptosis in NRCMs. Overall, Our research demonstrated that the inhibition of ferroptosis via the SIRT1 pathway was one of the mechanisms by which Ilexgenin A exerted cardioprotective effect.

3.
Front Psychiatry ; 15: 1460274, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39524130

RESUMEN

Objective: This study aims to examine the mental health of patients with lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy (LDHR) and to evaluate the effects of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) on their mental well-being. Method: This study included 114 LDHR patients who received PTED in the Spinal Orthopedics Department of Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between May 2022 and May 2023. The study population was stratified into two groups according to the presence of preoperative anxiety and depression: Group A comprised patients with such symptoms, and Group B included the remainder. Patients were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS), and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at preoperative and final follow-up visits. Evaluations were performed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Visual Analog Scale, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at the time of preoperation and during the last follow-up. Results: Among the 114 LDHR patients who obtained complete follow-up, fifty-four had anxiety/depression symptoms before surgery, which accounted for a incidence of 47%. Both Group A and Group B patients showed significant improvement in all evaluation indicators after PTED, but the overall prognosis of Group A was worse than that of Group B. Conclusion: PTED can effectively improve patients' pain, functional activities and mental health, which has a positive impact on patients' quality of life, and there is a significant correlation between patients' preoperative mental health and prognosis.

4.
PLoS One ; 19(11): e0309672, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39570964

RESUMEN

Gully erosion is one of the most severe forms of land degradation and poses a serious threat to regional food security, biodiversity, and human survival. However, there are few methods for the quantitative evaluation of gully activity, and the relationships between gully activity and influencing factors require further in-depth study. This study takes the Sunshui River Basin, as a case study. Based on field investigation, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photography and remote sensing images, 71 typical gullies were identified. The vegetation coverage (VC), slope and main-branch gully ratio (MBGR) were used as evaluation indicators, and the gully activity was calculated using the fuzzy mathematics membership degree and then evaluated quantitatively. The factors influencing different active gullies were also analyzed. The results showed that (1) the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method can be used to identify gully activity. Different levels of gully activity were defined based on the gully activity index. The active indices of stable gullies ranged from 0-0.25, those of semiactive gullies ranged from 0.25-0.75, and those of active gullies ranged from 0.75-1. (2) The activity indices of the 71 gullies ranged from 0.054 to 0.999, with an average value of 0.656. There are 31 active gullies, and 31 semiactive gullies. A total of 87.32% of the gullies in the study area were in the early or middle stage of gully development. Gully erosion was intense, which is consistent with the serious reality of soil erosion. (3) Gully activity was affected by multiple factors. It was significantly positively correlated with topographic relief (TR) (r = 0.64, P<0.01) and surface curvature (SC) (r = 0.51, P<0.01), while it was significantly negatively correlated with land use type (LUT) (r = -0.5, P<0.01). Surface roughness (SR) (r = 0.2, P<0.01) was positively correlated with gully activity; but not significantly. There was no significant correlation between aspect (As) and gully activity. The results of this study are helpful for quantitatively determining the level of gully activity and understanding the development process and mechanism controlling gullies, providing a reference for research on related regions and geomorphologic information.


Asunto(s)
Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Ríos , China , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Ecosistema , Lógica Difusa , Tecnología de Sensores Remotos/métodos , Humanos
5.
Food Res Int ; 197(Pt 1): 115211, 2024 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39593296

RESUMEN

Probiotic supplementation is an effective method for improving infant gut health, and probiotic encapsulation can enhance probiotic viability under adverse environmental conditions while ensuring an adequate amount of probiotic is delivered to the target site to confer a health benefit for the host. In this study, Bifidobacterium bifidum R0071 was microencapsulated using pectin or alginate, combined bovine milk osteopontin (OPN) as an excipient during the microencapsulation process. The microencapsulated probiotics were subjected to in vitro simulated infant gastrointestinal digestion and a fecal fermentation model to assess survival capacity and their impact on gas and organic acid production, as well as the development of gut microbiota. The results demonstrated that microencapsulation in the presence of osteopontin increased simulated gastrointestinal survival. During infant fecal fermentation, a significant increase in total gas production (5.5-9.1 mL) was observed for the microencapsulated probiotic with even higher level of gas production observed for osteopontin associated microencapsulated probiotic during the late stage of fermentation (8-24 h). Infant fecal fermentation of the microencapsulated probiotic also produced substantial amounts of acetate (8-17 mM) and lactate (12-35 mM), along with minor amounts of succinate (1-2 mM) and propionate (0.5-2 mM). A positive correlation was observed between metabolite production and the number of viable B. bifidum R0071 entering colon fermentation, which significantly increased with the use of OPN in the microencapsulation process. The osteopontin associated microencapsulated probiotic also significantly elevated the relative abundance of Veillonella, which, along with Bifidobacterium, influenced gas and metabolite production. Overall, our findings demonstrate that incorporating OPN as an excipient in the microencapsulation of Bifidobacterium bifidum R0071 enhances probiotic viability and positively influences the development of infant gut microbiota, highlighting its potential application in promoting infant health.


Asunto(s)
Bifidobacterium bifidum , Heces , Fermentación , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Osteopontina , Probióticos , Heces/microbiología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Humanos , Bifidobacterium bifidum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bifidobacterium bifidum/metabolismo , Lactante , Osteopontina/metabolismo , Composición de Medicamentos , Animales , Alginatos , Pectinas/metabolismo
6.
J Nat Med ; 2024 Nov 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39614060

RESUMEN

Castanopsis genus (Fagaceae) were rich in plant polyphenols and often used as medicinal plants. In this study, two new lignan dimer compounds with anti-inflammatory activity and four known compounds were isolated and identified from 80% methanolic extract of Castanopsis chinensis leaves. The structure determination supported by computational chemistry and extensive spectroscopic analysis. Two new lignan dimer compounds significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells at 10 µM without cytotoxicity.

7.
Addict Biol ; 29(11): e70005, 2024 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39526639

RESUMEN

Nan Bao detox capsule (NBDC), derived from ancient Chinese opioid detox protocols, shows promising therapeutic potential in substance abuse disorders, particularly for attenuating methamphetamine (MA) addiction. This study aimed to identify active ingredients, evaluate therapeutic efficacy in an MA addiction rat model and delineate pharmacodynamic mechanisms using metabolomics. In vitro phytochemical profiling characterized 258 drug-related compounds, with 87 prototype entities mainly identified in rat plasma. NBDC significantly attenuated METH-induced behavioural anomalies and modulated neurotransmitter levels, notably increasing brain DA and serotonin (5-HT) content with concomitant upregulation of D1 dopamine receptor (DRD1) and 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) expression, ameliorating hippocampal pathology. Metabolomic analysis identified histamine receptor as a potential target and revealed the involvement of NBDC in metabolic pathways associated with cocaine addiction, amphetamine abuse and Parkinson's disease. Conclusively, NBDC presents a promising therapeutic agent for mitigating MA addiction through a synergistic interplay of multiple constituents, pharmacological targets and metabolic pathways.


Asunto(s)
Trastornos Relacionados con Anfetaminas , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Metabolómica , Metanfetamina , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Animales , Metanfetamina/farmacología , Ratas , Trastornos Relacionados con Anfetaminas/metabolismo , Masculino , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Dopamina/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Serotonina/metabolismo , Estimulantes del Sistema Nervioso Central/farmacología , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo
8.
J Food Sci ; 89(12): 10252-10265, 2024 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39475334

RESUMEN

Ethanolic cashew leaf extract (ECLE) is rich in phenolic compounds with diverse bioactivities and can serve as a safe natural preservative. This study evaluated the antifungal activity and application of ECLE for shelf-life extension of dried salted tilapia fillets. Several extraction methods, antifungal activity, and application of ECLE in dried salted tilapia fillets were investigated. Ultrasonication followed by the Soxhlet extraction resulted in the highest yield (26.78%), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) (p < 0.05). Conversely, the Soxhlet extraction method rendered lower yield (14.35%), TPC, and TFC (p < 0.05). NaCl at high concentrations decreased both TPC and TFC in all ECLE samples, demonstrating the decomposition of those compounds induced by NaCl. ECLE obtained via the Soxhlet extraction method exhibited lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration values than those prepared using other extraction methods. Thus, the former showed higher efficacy in inhibiting fungal growth and reducing mycelium growth than others (p < 0.05), despite being less effective than potassium sorbate. At 4MIC, ECLE inhibited mycelium growth (56.83%-78.66%) and spore germination (87.5%-100%) after 72 h and 10-16 h of treatment, respectively. ECLE (4MIC) could inhibit the toxin production of fungi. For the challenge test, in which ECLE at 400 and 600 mg/kg was added to dried salted tilapia fillet inoculated with Aspergillus flavus, fungal growth was retarded over 9 days of storage at 25 ± 2°C (room temperature). Thus, ECEL could act as a natural food preservative to prevent fungal contamination. Toxin from fungi could be avoided, and the quality of dried salted fish was maintained. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Cashew leaf extract rich in polyphenols can inhibit fungal proliferation, reduce mycelium expansion, prevent spore germination, and limit aflatoxin production. The extract can enhance the safety of dried salted fish, especially when contaminated with Aspergillus flavus in the humid atmosphere (80% relative humidity), particularly for small and medium enterprises. Nevertheless, this extract can also be applied in the fish processing industry, in which the synthetic antifungal agent could be replaced by the natural additive.


Asunto(s)
Anacardium , Antifúngicos , Conservación de Alimentos , Almacenamiento de Alimentos , Extractos Vegetales , Hojas de la Planta , Tilapia , Anacardium/química , Animales , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Almacenamiento de Alimentos/métodos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Etanol , Conservantes de Alimentos/farmacología , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/farmacología , Flavonoides/análisis , Flavonoides/farmacología , Alimentos Marinos/análisis , Alimentos Marinos/microbiología
9.
Perioper Med (Lond) ; 13(1): 107, 2024 Oct 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39472974

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Maintaining normothermia during the perioperative period is crucial for preventing complications, such as surgical site infections, prolonged hospital stays, and adverse cardiovascular events. This study aimed to elucidate methods of perioperative temperature management by integrating Western and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) approaches. By combining advanced techniques of Western medicine with holistic and preventative practices of TCM, we aimed to provide a comprehensive strategy for effective perioperative thermal regulation. METHODS: And a comprehensive literature review was conducted to analyze the causes of perioperative hypothermia and methods of perioperative temperature management from both Western and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) perspectives. Special emphasis was placed on evaluating the underlying factors contributing to perioperative hypothermia, as well as the effectiveness, selection criteria, indications, contraindications, adverse reactions, and potential complications associated with various temperature management techniques. RESULTS: Effective prevention and management strategies include preoperative risk assessment, physical warming measures, environmental temperature control, pharmacological interventions, perioperative temperature monitoring, comprehensive warming protocols, and postoperative warming and monitoring. Integrating traditional Chinese medicine provides additional methods to enhance overall effectiveness and patient outcomes. By combining these approaches, healthcare providers can significantly reduce the incidence of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia (IPH) and its associated complications, improving patient safety and recovery. CONCLUSION: For IPH, a complex and challenging medical condition, both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine have established their own theoretical bases and developed corresponding prevention and treatment methods. However, it is important to note that although each of these methods has unique value and potential, they also have specific indications and unavoidable limitations. Therefore, by integrating and combining the complementary strengths and resources of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, we can achieve a more comprehensive and effective prevention of IPH, ultimately improving the health and well-being of those affected.

10.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther ; 47(5-9): 166-174, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39466207

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of electroacupuncture stimulation (EAS) of the vagus nerve on the inflammatory response in rat models of spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: The T10 SCI model in adult male Sprague Dawley rats was established using the modified Allen's method. The EAS group was treated with the therapy on the vagus nerve of rat ear nails, while the SCI group did not receive any EAS treatment. The degree of inflammatory infiltration was reflected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The inflammatory cytokines in spinal cord tissues, cerebrospinal fluid inflammation, and peripheral blood were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Changes in astrocytes and microglia were assessed using an immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS: Electroacupuncture stimulation treatment inhibited inflammatory infiltration, as well as the concentrations of interleukin-6, interleukin-1ß, tumor necrosis factor-α, astrocytes, and microglia at 1, 6, and 24 hours after 1 EAS treatment. Multiple EAS treatments had an obvious effect on SCI inflammation. CONCLUSION: A single EAS treatment had a limited effect on inflammation, but multiple treatments had a significant inhibitory effect on inflammation.


Asunto(s)
Electroacupuntura , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal , Animales , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/terapia , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/fisiopatología , Masculino , Ratas , Electroacupuntura/métodos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Inflamación/terapia , Estimulación del Nervio Vago/métodos , Nervio Vago , Citocinas/metabolismo
11.
Heliyon ; 10(19): e38197, 2024 Oct 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39386880

RESUMEN

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. As a traditional Chinese treatment method, acupuncture has a unique role in restoring the balance of the human body environment. Due to its safety, non-invasive nature, and effectiveness in treating cardiovascular diseases, acupuncture has been widely welcomed and recognized among the world. A large amount of evidence shows that acupuncture can effectively regulate cardiovascular diseases through the autonomic nervous system. The hypothalamus, as an important component of regulating the autonomic nervous system, plays an important role in regulating the internal environment, maintaining homeostasis, and preserving physiological balance. However, there is currently a scarcity of review articles on acupuncture signal transduction and acupuncture improving cardiovascular disease through the hypothalamus and autonomic nervous system. Objective: This review delves into the transduction of acupuncture signals and their neural regulatory mechanisms on the hypothalamus and autonomic nervous system, elucidating their impact on cardiovascular disease. Methods: Review the basic and clinical studies on acupuncture signal transduction mechanisms and the role of the hypothalamus and ANS in acupuncture treatment of cardiovascular diseases published in four English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Springer Cochrane Library) and two Chinese databases (Wanfang Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database) over the past 20 years. Results: Through sensory stimulation, acupuncture effectively transmits signals from the periphery to the hypothalamus, where they are integrated, and finally regulate the autonomic nervous system to treat cardiovascular diseases. Discussion: Acupuncture exhibits significant potential as a therapeutic modality for cardiovascular diseases by orchestrating autonomic nervous system regulation via the hypothalamus, thereby gifting novel perspectives and methodologies for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular ailments.

12.
Adv Sci (Weinh) ; 11(41): e2402678, 2024 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39258810

RESUMEN

The effectiveness of Toll-like 9 agonists (CpG) as an adjuvant for tumor immunotherapy is restricted due to their insufficient ability to activate anti-tumor immunity. To address that, the common nutrient metal ions are explored (Mn2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, and Al3+), identifying Mn2+ as a key enhancer of CpG to mediate immune activation by augmenting the STING-NF-κB pathway. Mn2+ and CpG are then self-assembled with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) into a nanoadjuvant MPN/CpG. Local delivery of MPN/CpG effectively inhibits tumor growth in a B16 melanoma-bearing mouse model, reshaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) by repolarizing M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to an M1-type and boosting intra-tumoral infiltration of CD8+/CD4+ T lymphocytes and DCs. Furthermore, compared to free CpG, MPN/CpG exhibits heightened accumulation in lymph nodes, enhancing CpG uptake and DC activation, consequently inducing significant antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cell immune response and humoral immunity. In a prophylactic tumor-bearing mouse model, MPN/CpG vaccination with OVA antigen significantly delays B16-OVA melanoma growth and extends mouse survival. These findings underscore the potential of MPN/CpG as a multifunctional adjuvant platform to drive powerful innate and adaptive immunity and regulate TME against tumors.


Asunto(s)
Inmunidad Adaptativa , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Inmunidad Innata , Manganeso , Melanoma Experimental , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Receptor Toll-Like 9 , Animales , Ratones , Manganeso/farmacología , Inmunidad Adaptativa/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunidad Adaptativa/inmunología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Inmunidad Innata/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunidad Innata/inmunología , Receptor Toll-Like 9/agonistas , Receptor Toll-Like 9/inmunología , Melanoma Experimental/inmunología , Melanoma Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Femenino
13.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 20292, 2024 08 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39217193

RESUMEN

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease characterized by articular cartilage destruction and subchondral bone reconstruction in the early stages. Bergenin (Ber) is a cytoprotective polyphenol found in many medicinal plants. It has been proven to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other biological activities, which may reveal its potential role in the treatment of OA. This study aimed to determine the potential efficacy of Ber in treating OA and explore the possible underlying mechanism through network pharmacology and validation experiments. The potential co-targets and processes of Ber and OA were predicted by using network pharmacology, including a Venn diagram for intersection targets, a protein‒protein interaction (PPI) network to obtain key potential targets, and GO and KEGG pathway enrichment to reveal the probable mechanism of action of Ber on OA. Subsequently, validation experiments were carried out to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Ber in treating OA in vitro and vivo. Ber suppressed IL-1ß-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix catabolism by inhibiting the STAT3, NF-κB and Jun signalling pathway in vitro. Furthermore, Ber suppressed the expression of osteoclast marker genes and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Ber alleviated the progression of OA in DMM-induced OA mice model. These results demonstrated the protective efficacy and potential mechanisms of Ber against OA, which suggested that Ber could be adopted as a potential therapeutic agent for treating OA.


Asunto(s)
Benzopiranos , Condrocitos , FN-kappa B , Osteoartritis , Osteoclastos , Osteogénesis , Factor de Transcripción STAT3 , Transducción de Señal , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Animales , Osteoartritis/metabolismo , Osteoartritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Osteoartritis/patología , Osteoartritis/prevención & control , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Benzopiranos/farmacología , Ratones , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoclastos/metabolismo , Osteoclastos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Condrocitos/metabolismo , Condrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Mapas de Interacción de Proteínas/efectos de los fármacos
14.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr ; : 1-11, 2024 Aug 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39108169

RESUMEN

Both insufficient and excessive iodine intake can lead to thyroid-related disorders. Although China has made progress in eliminating iodine deficiency over the past few decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing. Currently, there is a lack of relevant research on the tradeoff between the benefits and risks of salt iodization in China. In this study, we developed a method that combines the total probability algorithm and disease burden to evaluate the appropriate amount of salt iodization. Following the principle of minimizing the comprehensive disease burden and using the metabolic model of human iodine nutrition. Based on the average national iodine level in water, the optimal iodine content in Chinese salt is determined to be 17 mg/kg. However, iodine content in water is not evenly distributed in China. Approximately 3.23% of administrative villages have water iodine concentrations exceeding 80 ug/L, eliminating the need for iodine fortification in salt. Approximately 83.51% of administrative villages need to continue implementing the salt iodization policy, with the optimal iodine content in salt ranging from 15 to 18 mg/kg. In 13.16% of administrative villages, the iodine content in salt is determined based on the local water iodine concentration, ranging from 0 to 15 mg/kg. Our study cracks open a window of insight suggesting that the optimal iodine content for salt is lower than the existing benchmark dictated by the prevailing policy in China. Hence, there is an urgent need to refine and advance the iodine supplementation strategy in salt to pave the way for precision medicine and health-centric iodine supplementation strategies.

15.
Phytomedicine ; 133: 155885, 2024 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39096544

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Endothelial dysfunction (ED), characterized by markedly reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, vasoconstriction, and a shift toward a proinflammatory and prothrombotic state, is an important contributor to hypertension, atherosclerosis, and other cardiovascular diseases. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is widely involved in cardiovascular development. Przewaquinone A (PA), a lipophilic diterpene quinone extracted from Salvia przewalskii Maxim, inhibits vascular contraction. PURPOSE: Herein, the goal was to explore the protective effect of PA on ED in vivo and in vitro, as well as the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: A human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model of ED induced by angiotensin II (AngII) was used for in vitro observations. Levels of AMPK, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), nitric oxide (NO), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were detected by western blotting and ELISA. A mouse model of hypertension was established by continuous infusion of AngII (1000 ng/kg/min) for 4 weeks using osmotic pumps. Following PA and/or valsartan administration, NO and ET-1 levels were measured. The levels of AMPK signaling-related proteins in the thoracic aorta were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured using the tail cuff method. Isolated aortic vascular tone measurements were used to evaluate the vasodilatory function in mice. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) were used to confirm AMPK and PA interactions. RESULTS: PA inhibited AngII-induced vasoconstriction and vascular adhesion as well as activated AMPK signaling in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, PA markedly suppressed blood pressure, activated vasodilation in mice following AngII stimulation, and promoted the activation of AMPK signaling. Furthermore, molecular simulations and SPRi revealed that PA directly targeted AMPK. AMPK inhibition partly abolished the protective effects of PA against endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSION: PA activates AMPK and ameliorates endothelial dysfunction during hypertension.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP , Angiotensina II , Endotelio Vascular , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana , Hipertensión , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo III , Óxido Nítrico , Angiotensina II/farmacología , Animales , Humanos , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo III/metabolismo , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Endotelio Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Ratones , Salvia/química , Endotelina-1/metabolismo , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Celular Vascular/metabolismo , Quinonas/farmacología , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad
16.
Alpha Psychiatry ; 25(3): 323-328, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39148603

RESUMEN

Background: Cognitive decline is a prevalent health problem in older adults, and effective treatments remain to be produced. Serum vitamin D, a commonly used biochemical marker, is widely recognized as an indicator of various diseases. Existing research has not fully elucidated the relationship between vitamin D and cognitive function. The aim of this study is to investigate the real relationship between vitamin D and cognitive function and to identify indicators that have a strong predictive effect on cognitive decline. Methods: At first, we used the dataset of the genome-wide association studies studying vitamin D and cognitive performance to conduct Mendelian randomization analysis. Subsequently, we employed linear regression and smooth curve fitting methods to assess the relationship using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Finally, we investigated other predictive features of cognitive performance utilizing a machine learning model. Results: We found that a 1-unit increase in vitamin D is associated with a 6.51% reduction (P < .001) in the risk of cognitive decline. The correlation between vitamin D and cognitive performance is nonlinear, with the inflection point at 79.9 nmol/L (left: ß = 0.043, P < .001; right: ß = -0.007, P = .420). In machine learning, the top 5 predictors are vitamin D, weight, height, age, and body mass index. Conclusion: There is a causal relationship between vitamin D and cognitive performance. 79.9 nmol/L could be the optimal dose for vitamin D supplementation in the elderly. Further consideration of other factors in vitamin D interventions is necessary.

17.
Zhen Ci Yan Jiu ; 49(7): 777-786, 2024 Jul 25.
Artículo en Inglés, Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39020497

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Scalp acupuncture is a method of treating diseases by dividing and stimulating the corresponding function-oriented cortical scalp areas. It is a commonly used therapy for neurological disorders. However, the specific target selection for scalp acupuncture remains to be explored. This manuscript aims to initiate an attempt to develop/identify scalp acupuncture targets based on neuroimaging findings and noninvasive brain stimulation. METHODS: Neurosynth-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies was conducted to identify brain stimulation targets of neurological disorders. The identified target regions were further projected to the scalp. The traditional acupoints and 10-20 EEG system were referenced for the localization of these targets. In this study, the "mild cognitive impairment" (MCI), "Alzheimer's disease" (AD) and "dementia" were used as the retrieval terms respectively, and a unity detection method was used to generate brain maps, with the default FDR (false discovery rate, P<0.01) threshold of Neurosynth set for subsequent exploration of various disease-related brain regions. The literature search was conducted on July 30, 2022. RESULTS: The localization and manipulation suggestions of neuroimage-based scalp acupuncture targets for MCI, AD, and dementia were introduced in the present paper (part 2). Here are 3 target examples for each of these 3 diseases due to word limitation. 1) MCI:Based on the 81 papers retrieved, we identified 6 potential scalp acupuncture points for MCI, their corresponding brain regions, brain functions and the possible resultant effects of the scalp target acupoint stimulation respectively are as below. MCI1:the orbital part of the left inferior frontal gyrus (left Brodmann area [BA]47), related to semantic coding, working memory and episodic memory, improving semantic coding and memory function;MCI2:the anterior motor area/left anterior central gyrus (left BA6), the motor center area, improving MCI motor function;MCI3:the left medial temporal gyrus (left BA21), related to the processing of speech, visual space, language and word understanding, improving language and memory. 2) AD:Based on the 196 papers retrieved, we found 6 potential scalp acupuncture targets for AD, their corresponding brain regions and brain functions of the 3 example targets respectively are as below. AD1:the left medial temporal gyrus (left BA21), participating in language and semantic processing, sentence and word generation, intent expression, deductive reasoning;AD2:the left angular gyrus (left BA39), related to semantic processing, word reading and comprehension, memory retrieval, attention and spatial cognition, reasoning, etc.;AD3:the left fusiform/suboccipital gyrus (left BA37), related to semantic classification, text generation, sign language, phonology processing, etc. 3) Dementia:Based on the 142 papers retrieved, we found 4 potential scalp acupuncture targets for dementia, their corresponding brain regions, brain functions and the possible targets of the proposed scalp stimulation respectively are as below. D1 and D2:the left inferior frontal gyrus (i.e., left BA46, and left BA47, respectively), being closely related to working memory, emotional response regulation, melody and other processing processes, may be suitable for treating memory decline and advanced executive dysfunction in patients with dementia;D3:the left medial temporal gyrus (left BA21), an important brain region for various sensory integration, cognitive processing and memory functions, and emotional processing, may be suitable for temporal dementia. CONCLUSIONS: We identified scalp acupuncture targets for several common neurological disorders based on neuroimaging findings and noninvasive brain stimulation. The proposed targets may also be used for treating these disorders using nerve/brain stimulation methods.


Asunto(s)
Terapia por Acupuntura , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso , Neuroimagen , Cuero Cabelludo , Humanos , Neuroimagen/métodos , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/terapia , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/diagnóstico por imagen , Puntos de Acupuntura , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Disfunción Cognitiva/terapia , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagen , Disfunción Cognitiva/fisiopatología , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/terapia , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/diagnóstico por imagen
18.
Altern Ther Health Med ; 30(12): 480-485, 2024 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39038352

RESUMEN

Background and Aims: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has reached an epidemic status worldwide. Targeting bile acid signaling has therapeutic potential for treating T2DM. However, the effect of bile acid on T2DM and related mechanisms remains unclear. Here, we explored the role of bile acid in T2DM and elucidated the mechanisms involved. Methods: We established an STZ-induced rat model of T2DM and divided it into an bile acid-treated group and saline control group according to the random number table method. We incubated the bile acid-treated group with human bile acid via middle small intestine intubation and the saline control group was incubated with the same amount of normal saline. We compared the fasting body mass, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2h-PG), fasting plasma insulin (FINS), fasting plasma triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, and total bile acid levels between the two groups one week before surgery and one to four weeks after surgery. Mechanically, Western blot, IHC, and ELISA assays were employed to detect the effect of bile acid on the TGR5/GLP-1 and FXR/FGF15 pathways. Results: Bile acid injection could increase the FINS level and decrease the 2h-PBG level of T2DM rats. In addition, bile acid injection did not affect FBG, fasting body mass, TG, CH, and total bile acid. At the same time, bile acid injection could activate the TGR5/GLP-1 pathway but could not influence the FXR/FGF15 pathway. Conclusion: Bile acids treatment promotes glucose homeostasis in the STZ-induced T2MD rat model via the following mechanism by activating the TGR5/GLP-1 signaling pathway rather than FXR/FGF15 pathway to improve glucose tolerance and thus achieve glucose homeostasis. The bile acid/TGR5/GLP-1 signaling pathway may be a crucial mechanism of controlling the blood glucose of T2DM rats, and TGR5/GLP-1 pathway may constitute novel targets for treating T2DM.


Asunto(s)
Ácidos y Sales Biliares , Glucemia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G , Animales , Ratas , Ácidos y Sales Biliares/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Glucemia/metabolismo , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/metabolismo , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/sangre , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Masculino , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Factores de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Factores de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/sangre , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas Sprague-Dawley
19.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord ; 25(1): 533, 2024 Jul 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38992608

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to perform a biomechanical analysis to compare different medial column fixation patterns for valgus pilon fractures in a case-based model. METHODS: Based on the fracture mapping, 48 valgus pilon fracture models were produced and assigned into four groups with different medial column fixation patterns: no fixation (NF), K-wires (KW), intramedullary screws (IS), and locking compression plate (LCP). Each group contained wedge-in and wedge-out subgroups. After fixing each specimen on the machine, gradually increased axial compressive loads were applied with a load speed of one millimeter per minute. The maximum peak force was set at 1500 N. Load-displacement curves were generated and the axial stiffness was calculated. Five different loads of 200 N, 400 N, 600 N, 800 N, 1000 N were selected for analysis. The specimen failure was defined as resultant loading displacement over 3 mm. RESULTS: For the wedge-out models, Group-IS showed less displacement (p < 0.001), higher axial stiffness (p < 0.01), and higher load to failure (p < 0.001) than Group-NF. Group-KW showed comparable displacement under loads of 200 N, 400 N and 600 N with both Group-IS and Group-LCP. For the wedge-in models, no statistical differences in displacement, axial stiffness, or load to failure were observed among the four groups. Overall, wedge-out models exhibited less axial stiffness than wedge-in models (all p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Functional reduction with stable fixation of the medial column is essential for the biomechanical stability of valgus pilon fractures and medial column fixation provides the enough biomechanical stability for this kind of fracture in the combination of anterolateral fixation. In detail, the K-wires can provide a provisional stability at an early stage. Intramedullary screws are strong enough to provide the medial column stability as a definitive fixation. In future, this technique can be recommended for medial column fixation as a complement for holistic stability in high-energy valgus pilon fractures.


Asunto(s)
Placas Óseas , Fracturas de la Tibia , Humanos , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Fracturas de la Tibia/cirugía , Fracturas de la Tibia/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas de la Tibia/fisiopatología , Tornillos Óseos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/instrumentación , Fracturas de Tobillo/cirugía , Fracturas de Tobillo/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas de Tobillo/fisiopatología , Hilos Ortopédicos , Masculino , Soporte de Peso , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad
20.
J Sci Food Agric ; 104(14): 8965-8974, 2024 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38975904

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Evaluation of herbicidal activity and identification of active compounds are important bases for the development of new botanical herbicides. RESULTS: This study confirmed that Symphoricarpos orbiculatus has high herbicidal activities against mono-dicotyledonous weeds, including Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus retroflexus and Portulaca oleracea. By bioassay-guided isolation, 12 compounds were isolated and identified from S. orbiculatus for the first time, including iridoids: naucledal (K1), loganin (K2), loganigenin (K3), loganin acid (K4), glucologanin (K5) and vogeloside (K6), as well as flavonoids: quercetine (K7), luteolin (K8), nobiletin (K9), astragalin (K10), isorhamnetin 3-d-glucoside (K11) and rutin (K12). Biological assays showed that iridoids are the main active ingredients of S. orbiculatus. The compounds of K5 and K6 could inhibit both the root (IC50 = 37.54 and 38.91 µg mL-1, respectively) and shoot (IC50 = 42.78 and 45.72 µg mL-1, respectively) of Portulaca oleracea, which have a weeding toxicity similar to that of the commercialized plant-based herbicide pelargonic acid. In addition, the results of pot culture assay showed that S. orbiculatus ethanol extracts had high fresh weight control effect against Digitaria sanguinalis and P. oleracea at the concentration of 40 g L-1. After 7 days, both the soil treatment and the stem and leaf spray method resulted in severe leaf necrosis and significant leaf etiolation. CONCLUSION: Symphoricarpos orbiculatus and its herbicidal active compounds have the potential to develop into botanical herbicides, and are first reported in the present study. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.


Asunto(s)
Amaranthus , Herbicidas , Extractos Vegetales , Malezas , Portulaca , Herbicidas/farmacología , Herbicidas/química , Herbicidas/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Malezas/efectos de los fármacos , Malezas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Amaranthus/química , Amaranthus/efectos de los fármacos , Amaranthus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Portulaca/química , Echinochloa/efectos de los fármacos , Echinochloa/crecimiento & desarrollo , Digitaria/efectos de los fármacos , Digitaria/química , Flavonoides/farmacología , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Estructura Molecular
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