[Slicing specifications in general rule of processing in Chinese Pharmacopoeia from slicing development of Chinese materia medica processed product and thinking and suggestion on slicing techniques].

Slicing is critical in the processing of Chinese materia medica(CMM) processed product and the specification(thickness) is closely related to the quality of the decoction. On the basis of clarifying the concept and evolution of slicing of CMM processed product by reviewing the Chinese herbal classics of the past dynasties and general rules of local processing standards, this study discussed the development history of slicing specifications in general rules of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition), analyzed the current situation and key problems, and proposed the thinking and suggestion on promoting the sound development of slicing of CMM processed product. Since 2000, the slicing thickness of CMM processed product in the general rules of local CMM processed product processing specifications newly revised and issued by 27 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities has been consistent with that in the general rules of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). The standard that the thickness of extremely thin pieces is less than 0.5 mm is rarely retained, and the pieces in 0.5-1 mm thickness have not been found on the market, which is consistent with the provisions of the general rules of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. This study can provide a historical and modern basis for the rationality of slicing of CMM processed product.

Slicing specifications in general rule of processing in Chinese Pharmacopoeia from slicing development of Chinese materia medica processed product and thinking and suggestion on slicing techniques / 中国中药杂志

Slicing is critical in the processing of Chinese materia medica(CMM) processed product and the specification(thickness) is closely related to the quality of the decoction. On the basis of clarifying the concept and evolution of slicing of CMM processed product by reviewing the Chinese herbal classics of the past dynasties and general rules of local processing standards, this study discussed the development history of slicing specifications in general rules of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition), analyzed the current situation and key problems, and proposed the thinking and suggestion on promoting the sound development of slicing of CMM processed product. Since 2000, the slicing thickness of CMM processed product in the general rules of local CMM processed product processing specifications newly revised and issued by 27 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities has been consistent with that in the general rules of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). The standard that the thickness of extremely thin pieces is less than 0.5 mm is rarely retained, and the pieces in 0.5-1 mm thickness have not been found on the market, which is consistent with the provisions of the general rules of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. This study can provide a historical and modern basis for the rationality of slicing of CMM processed product.

The Gut Microbial Co-Abundance Gene Groups (CAGs) Differentially Respond to the Flavor (Yao-Wei) of Chinese Materia Medica.

The property theory is a unique principle instructing traditional Chinese doctors to prescribe proper medicines against diseases. As an essential part of it, the five-flavor theory catalogs various Chinese materia medicas (CMMs) into five flavors (sweet, bitter, sour, salty, and pungent) based on their taste and medical functions. Although CMM has been successfully applied in China for thousands of years, it is still a big challenge to interpret CMM flavor via modern biomarkers, further deepening its elusiveness. Herein, to identify the correlation between gut microbiota and CMM flavor, we selected 14 CMMs with different flavors to prepare their aqueous extracts, quantified the contained major chemical components, and then performed full-length 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze the gut microbiota of C57BL/6 mice administrated with CMM extracts. We found that flavones, alkaloids, and saponins were the richest components for sweet-, bitter-, and pungent-flavored CMMs, respectively. Medicines with merged flavors (bitter-pungent and sweet-pungent) displayed mixed profiles of components. According to gut microbial analysis, modulation of CMMs belonging to the same flavor on the taxonomic classification was inconsistent to an extent, while the functional sets of gut microbiota, co-abundance gene groups (CAGs), strongly and differentially responded to distinct flavors. Moreover, these correlations were in line with their pharmacological actions. Therefore, the gut microbial functional sets (CAGs) could act as the possible indicator to reflect CMM flavor, rather than the composition of microbial community.

[Current status and development strategy of ISO/TC 249 standards for Chinese materia medica].

The internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is one of the strategic development objectives in China, which has been incorporated into the national strategy as an important part of the Belt and Road Initiative development strategy. As the basis and prerequisite of TCM development, Chinese materia medica(CMM) has a direct impact on the internationalization of TCM. The International Organization for Standardization(ISO) is a global organization composed of national standardization bodies, and the ISO standards impact the world's economy, trade, communication and cooperation. Based on a brief introduction to ISO/Traditional Chinese Medicine Technical Committee(ISO/TC 249), this study elaborates the necessity of establishing ISO standards for CMM and analyzes the current status and challenges faced by the formulation of international standards for CMM. Finally, this study puts forward the development strategy of international standards for CMM. Specifically, efforts should be made to develop top-level design with international market demands as the guidance and improve the quality of standards to accelerate the transformation of domestic high-quality standards into international standards. Moreover, measures should be taken to give full play to the positive role of enterprises in the formulation of standards, vigorously cultivate compound talents for international standardization of TCM, and constantly strengthen international cooperation. The experience and thinking are of guiding significance for the scientific, efficient and reasonable formulation of high-quality ISO standards for CMM in the future.

Enhancing Testing Laboratory Engagement in Plant DNA Barcoding through a Routine Workflow-A Case Study on Chinese Materia Medica (CMM).

Introduction of DNA standards into Pharmacopoeia in different parts of the world enables identification of herbal materials in a complementary manner. However, little has been discussed about the quality requirements for a testing laboratory to implement DNA barcoding methods for herbal materials, which has limited the test method to be developed as a routine service. To encourage the engagement of testing laboratory in application of DNA barcode, a practical workflow including the components of analytical run and the corresponding quality control plan was suggested and employed to address a real-life challenge faced by the differentiation of plant-derived Chinese Materia Medica (CMM), Herba Potentillae Chinensis (Wei ling Cai), Herba Potentillae Discoloris (Fan Bai Cai), Radix Pulsatillae (Bai Tou Weng), and Radix Arnebiae (Zi Cao), which share similar morphological characteristics and multiple species involved. The ITS2 barcode results indicated that there are significant differences among the four CMM, together with quality control plan data to ensure the measurement traceability and validity of test results.

Revisiting traditional Chinese materia medica from European historical collections and perspective for current use.

Background and aim: Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) is subject to changes over time. Investigating changes in botanical ingredients, applications, plant parts used as well as name changes over time, contribute to the understanding of the history and development of CMM. Materials and methods: This study compares four historic collections of CMM, located in Europe, compiled between 1700 and the late 19th century, with a list of contemporary CMM marketed in Europe. Results: More than 1700 specimens within these five collections. The dominant families are Fabaceae (5.3-7.2%) and Asteraceae (4.1-5.7%), while half of the medicinal parts are represented by roots or rhizomes and fruits and/or seeds. Their importance has been stable in a time span of 300 years. The proportion of animal and mineral drugs gradually decreased over time. 14 plant species appeared in all five collections. A total of 47 species are shared between the three more recent collections and the modern trade list. Among these common species, most medicinal parts remain unchanged, but for several species the used plant parts changed or new medicinal plant parts appeared. All common species have unanimously been used in ancient classical TCM formulae and/or Chinese patent medicines. Conclusions: Over more than 300 years, the main body of CMM has hardly changed, with regard to plant taxa and plant parts used. The most prominent changes are related to conservation issues of threatened species, health safety and the discovery of new pharmacological applications of well-known species. Analyzing physical specimens from historic CMM collections complements literature-based research.

The Diagnosis and Management of Allergic Reactions Caused by Chinese Materia Medica.

Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have been used in China for thousands of years. Although TCM has been generally perceived to be safe, adverse reactions to Chinese materia medica (CMM) have been reported. Most of the adverse reactions are allergic in nature, but other mechanisms may play a role. This review focuses on the mechanism and clinical presentation of these allergic reactions. Allergic reactions can occur as a result of the active and inactive ingredients of CMM. Impurities and chemicals generated during the production process can also lead to allergic or adverse reactions. Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light can cause changes in the allergenicity of drugs. Human error in formulating CMM drugs also contributes to adverse drug reactions. The management of allergic reactions to CMM includes taking a good history, avoidance of medications in the same class as those which caused prior reactions, the proper training of staff, adherence to manufacturer guidelines and expiration dates, evaluation of benefit and risk balance, and the formulation of a risk management strategy for the use of CMM. A small test dose of a considered drug before using, improvements in drug purification technology, and proper storage and clinical administration help reduce allergic reactions due to CMM.

The treatment of asthma using the Chinese Materia Medica.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Asthma is a costly global health problem that negatively influences the quality of life of patients. The Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) contains remedies that have been used for the treatment of asthma for millennia. This article strives to systematically summarize the current research progress so that more comprehensive examinations of various databases related to CMM anti-asthma drugs, can be performed, so as to sequentially provide effective basic data for development and application of anti-asthma drugs based on the CMM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research data published over the past 20 years for asthma treatment based on traditional CMM remedies were retrieved and collected from libraries and online databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, Spring Link, Web of Science, PubChem Compound, Wan Fang, CNKI, Baidu, and Google Scholar). Information was also added from classic CMM, literature, conference papers on classic herbal formulae, and dissertations (PhD or Masters) based on traditional Chinese medicine. RESULTS: This review systematically summarizes the experimental studies on the treatment of asthma with CMM, covering the effective chemical components, typical asthma models, important mechanisms and traditional anti-asthma CMM formulae. The therapy value of the CMM for anti-asthma is clarified, and the original data and theoretical research foundation are provided for the development of new anti-asthmatic data and research for the CMM. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial progress against asthma has been made through relevant experimental research based on the CMM. These advances improved the theoretical basis of anti-asthma drugs for CMM and provided a theoretical basis for the application of a asthma treatment that is unique. By compiling these data, it is expected that the CMM will now contain a clearer mechanism of action and a greater amount of practical data that can be used for future anti-asthma drug research.

Medication rule of Chinese materia medica in treatment of pulmonary fibrosis based on data mining / 中草药

To explore the medication rule of Chinese materia medica (CMM) in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in the novel coronavirus pneumonia. Using Excel 2013 and SPSS Statistics 23.0, the literatures with the theme of “pulmonary fibrosis” that met the screening criteria were searched, and the association rule analysis was carried out. Frequency analysis showed that the occurrence frequency of Astragali Radix (148, 45.82%), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (124, 38.39%) and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (102, 31.58%) was the highest in the clinical treatment literature. In the statistics of nature and flavor, warm (10 times, 50.00%) and neutral (six times, 30.00%) were the most common. The highest frequency of meridian tropism was found in the spleen (11 times, 25.58%), lung (10 times, 23.26%) and sweet (11 times, 36.67%). In the analysis of association rules, six groups of TCM combinations with high frequency correlation strength were obtained. The high frequency and high correlation CMM combinations obtained from this data analysis were mainly effective in strengthening the spleen and invigorating qi, and warming the spleen and lung, which can be used to prevent the early patients from developing to the critical stage and prevent the patients from reinfection due to low immunity in the convalescence stage.

Characteristics and application of immune-regulating and antiviral Chinese materia medica / 中草药

Recently, the epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in China and other countries in the world is serious. There are at present no effective treatments for COVID-19. The safety and effectiveness of western anti-coronavirus drugs are under investigation. In many places in China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat COVID-19 with a high clinical cure rate. The treatment economics of TCM is good. The immune-regulating and antiviral TCM can enhance human immunity and exert an antiviral effect. They have been widely used in the anti-COVID-19 treatment. We consulted the database of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and PubMed for screening the immune-regulating and antiviral TCMs (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Pogostemonis Herba, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Scutellariae Radix, Forsythiae Fructus, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Bupleuri Radix, Isatidis Radix, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, and Houttuyniae Herba). This article summarizes the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and the clinical application of the effective components of immune-regulating and antiviral TCM in the prescriptions and Chinese patent medicines, in order to provide a better reference for the clinical application of TCM.

Virtual screening of small molecular inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase based on high-throughput molecular docking and prediction of Chinese materia medica and its compound against COVID-19 / 中草药

Objective: Based on the systematic pharmacological database of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the analysis platform TCMSP, the computer virtual screening technique was used to screen the small molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase from Chinese materia medica (CMM), and speculate the potential anti-COVID-19 novel coronavirus pneumonia TCMs and its compounds. Methods: SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase protein was targeted in this study. Autodock Vina software and Python script were used to realize high-throughput molecular docking. Combined with “ADME-Lipinski” rules, the re-screening was carried out to optimize the active ingredients and speculate the key TCMs and compound prescriptions. Based on the perspective of network pharmacology, a component-target-pathway network was constructed to infer the mechanism of action of core drug pairs. Results: Taking the reference ligand as positive control, 66 natural micromolecule compounds with good pharmacokinetic properties were obtained. Twelve single TCMs, two Chinese medicine pairs of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Mori Cortex and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos-Forsythiae Fructus, and 12 TCM prescriptions including Sangju Drink and modified Sangju Drink and Yinqiao Powder were selected as candidate schemes to fight against novel coronavirus pneumonia. Conclusion: This study is based on high-throughput molecular docking technology to virtually screen small molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase of CMM and Chinese medicines, innovatively analyze the potential molecular mechanism in combination with network pharmacology, and provide scientific guidance and theoretical basis for TCM to resist novel coronavirus pneumonia.

Discovery of bioactive compounds and effector substance based on gut microbiota / 中草药

With the increase of the chronic complex diseases and the growing advantage of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating chronic complex diseases, Chinese materia media (CMM) became more and more importance in the world. However, the ambiguity of bioactive compounds, effective materials and their corresponding mechanisms has limited the acceptance of CMM in clinic and the internalization of CMM in the world. As a result, the discovery of bioactive compounds and effective materials that are directly associated with therapeutic effects of CMM is one of the most important scientific question in researching of CMM. Hence, in this article, we briefly reviewed current methods for discovery of bioactive compounds and effective materials. Then, with references related to the international research frontier and the characteristics of CMM ingredients, according to the characteristics of most Chinese medicine through oral administration, combined with the previous research basis of our research group, a research model that is based on gut microbiota was investigated to discover bioactive compounds and effective materials. The aim of this research model is to provide new thoughts on discovery of new drugs, the mechanism study of CMM, etc., and eventually promote the modernization and internalization of CMM.

Recent research progress in key technologies of Chinese materia medica manufacturing process quality control / 中草药

The development of Chinese materia medica (CMM) has risen to the level of national strategy. Under the new situation that the pharmaceutical industry implements the "Made in China 2025" strategy, quality control of the production process of CMM is one of the key areas in which the CMM industry needs to accelerate its breakthrough. The key common issues in process design, analysis and detection, process modeling, and manufacturing equipment and other aspects in the field of quality control of CMM production processes was analyzed in the paper. The progress in the three aspects of process understanding, real-time analysis method development and process control strategy establishment in the quality control system of CMM production process was reviewed. Combined with the author's corporate research practices, this paper introduces the application progress of key technologies such as quality by design (QbD), process analytical technology (PAT), experimental design (DOE), and multivariate statistical analysis in the above three research directions, and analyzes the difficulties problems in practical industrial application. The application prospect is prospected. The purpose of this article is to provide reference for CMM enterprises to apply and improve the quality control technology in the production process.

A new strategy for accurate targeted diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous malignant melanoma: dual-mode phase-change lipid nanodroplets as ultrasound contrast agents.

BACKGROUND: Currently, effective detection and treatment of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) still face severe challenges. Ultrasound molecular imaging as a noninvasive and easy-to-operate method is expected to bring improvements for tumor detection. PURPOSE: The aim of this research is to prepare novel phase-change ultrasound contrast agents, Nds-IR780, which can perform not only dual-mode molecule-targeted imaging but also targeted photothermal therapy for CMM. METHODS: A double emulsion process was used to prepare the Nds-IR780. Then, the entrapment rate and drug loading of IR-780 iodide in Nds-IR780 were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. The biocompatibility of Nds-IR780 was evaluated by a CCK-8 assay and the characteristics and stability of that were verified through the particle size analyzer, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The abilities of dual-mode molecule-targeted imaging and targeted photothermal therapy for Nds-IR780 were confirmed via the in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS: Nds-IR780 had good size distribution, polydispersity index, stability and biosafety. The in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that Nds-IR780 were capable of targeting CMM cells with high affinity (22.4±3.2%) and facilitating dual-mode imaging to detect the primary lesion and sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) of CMM. Furthermore, the photothermal ablation of CMM mediated by Nds-IR780 was very effective in vivo. CONCLUSION: The newly prepared Nds-IR780 were observed to be effective targeted theranostic probe for the precise detection and targeted treatment of CMM.

Identification of key process parameters of Chinese materia medica production process based on grey relation analysis / 中草药

Objective: To identify the key process parameters of the Chinese materia medica (CMM) production process by using grey relation analysis (GRA) method. Methods: Taking Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Artemisiae Annuae Herba extraction section of Reduning Injection as an example, GRA was adopted to calculate and compare the influence of the process parameters on the quality index. Meanwhile, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) combined with Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to validate mutually. Results: According to GRA Results:, the relative importance of process parameters was ranked as follows: average volume flow rate of extraction (X4) > pH after acid adjustment (X2) > the paste temperature of extracting concentration (X7) > alcohol precipitation concentrated extract weight (X1) > hydrochloric acid weight (X3) > extraction time (X6) > relative standard deviation of flow rate (X5). The correlation coefficient between the order by GRA and that by AHP was 0.893. According to the importance of process parameters, the average volume flow rate of extraction, the pH after acid adjustment, and the paste temperature of extracting concentration were identified as the key process parameters. Conclusion: The Results: obtained in this study show the feasibility of GRA in selecting key process parameters, which can provide theoretical reference for the establishment of prediction model as well as online feedback regulation.

Thoughts on quality standard establishment of Chinese materia medica of reference Chinese herbal pieces and traditional Chinese medicinal materials for characters identification / 中草药

The identification of Chinese materia medica (CMM) characters, an important part of the quality standard of CMM, is one of the overall quality indicators of CMM. It is an old technical problem facing the inheritance and innovation of experience identification of Chinese medicine industry. However, the regulation of CMM characters recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and other local drug standards and processing specifications are still staying at words description, relying on human sensory judgment, so the operability needs to be improved. This paper puts forward the proposal to establish a quality standard for CMM identification for the use of reference herbal pieces and Chinese medicinal herb for the identification of characters, and provides basic support for the objective digital research of CMM characters identification, which is helpful to improve the quality evaluation of CMM.

Enlightenments of Padma Circosan Capsules to registration of compound Chinese materia medica products in European Union / 中草药

The European Union (EU) law 2004/24/EC has simplified the registration of traditional herbal medicines, which makes it possible for Chinese materia medica (CMM) to enter the EU as medicines. To register CMM products in the EU is an important way to realize the internationalization of CMM. Compound combination is the main clinical application form of CMM under the guidance of CMM syndrome differentiation. How to register compound CMM products in EU has become one of the important realistic topics for the internationalization of CMM. A total of 630 applications for traditional herbal medicinal products have been approved by the EU member states since the implementation of the Directive 2004/24/EC in 2005. Among these products, Padma Circosan Capsules was the only approved one originated from CMM area. The course of this product lead us with the enlightenment for the compound CMM products in three aspects: The literatures and evidence about safety and traditional use of "related product" are the core components in the non-clinical and clinical application materials for the registration of both combination and mono-component CMM products; The traditional application and safety evidence of "related products" as well as the relevant materials and data of EU monograph constitute the important content for the registration and approval of compound CMM products in EU member states; Applicants should pay more attention to the study of genotoxicity and the systematic collection of post-marketing pharmacovigilance data.

[Efficacy of acupuncture combined with computer-aided movable and measurable ankle-foot orthosis (CMM-AFO) on injury of nervus peroneus communis].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy difference among medication, medication plus rehabilitation training and medication plus rehabilitation training plus acupuncture on injury of nervus peroneus communis. METHODS: A total of 81 patients were randomly divided into a control group, an observation 1 group and an observation 2 group; three patients dropped out and 78 patients were included into statistical analysis, 26 patients in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with oral administration of mecobalamin, 500 µg per time, 3 times a day for 60 days. Based on the treatment of control group, the patients in the observation 1 group were treated with rehabilitation training by computer-aided movable and measurable ankle-foot orthosis (CMM-AFO). Based on the treatment of observation 1 group, the patients in the observation 2 group were treated with acupuncture at Jiexi (ST 41), Fenglong (ST 40), Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Zusanli (ST 36), etc, 30 min per treatment, once a day for 60 days. After 60-day treatment, the clinical efficacy was evaluated; the muscle strengths of foot dorsal stretch and digital flexion were evaluated; the motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) were recorded. RESULTS: After treatment, 20 patients were cured in the observation 2 group, which was significantly higher than 8 patients in the control group and 15 patients in the observation 1 group (both P<0.05). The muscle strengths, SCV and MCV in the observation 2 group were significantly higher than those in the control group and the observation 1 group (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture combined with CMM-AFO have significant efficacy on injury of nervus peroneus communis, and improve muscle strengths, SCV and MCV, which are superior to medication alone and medication plus rehabilitation training.

Application of TQSM polypharmacokinetics and its similarity approach to ascertain Q-marker by analyses of transitivity in vivo of five candidates in Buyanghuanwu injection.

BACKGROUND: It is well-known that the public still have been facing on a severe issue about the inconsistency of quality and therapeutic efficacy of traditional medicines. Recently, Professor Chang-Xiao Liu has created a new promising concept for identifying relevant quality-markers (Q-marker) from herbs, their formulas and manufacturing products. Therefore, building up a new approach is necessary for us to bridge over quality to efficacy of pharmaceutical products. STUDY DESIGN: In this paper, five candidate Q-markers, astragaloside IV, paeonflorin, amygdalin, tetramethylpyrazine, ferulic acid in Buyanghuanwu injection (BYHWI) had been designed to carry out in rat by using single and polypharmacokinetic models for total quanta to ascertain adequate Q-marker. METHODS: The Q-marker transitivity in vivo was studied with polypharmacokinetic model and its similarity approach, which were modeled with TQSM principle. The Q-marker was ascertained with transitive similarity and bioavailability in polypharmacokinetics. Their concentrations in plasma sample of white rat were determined by RP-HPLC. Data analyses were used by the DAS software for singles and myself-written-program with EXCEL for multiples. RESULTS: In BYHWI, five candidate Q-marker pharmacokinetic profiles were singly fixed to two compartmental models in rat using classical compartmental analysis, but there were tremendous differences among which the candidate parameters were fluctuated from nearly 3552 folds to equivalency. The theoretical value of TQSM polypharmacokinetic parameters such as AUCT, MRTT, VRTT, CLT, VT over the mixure of five drugs were 110.8 ±â€¯51.91 mg min ml-1, 176.0 ±â€¯36.5 min, 39,921 ±â€¯4311 min2, 0.3116 ±â€¯0.02347 ml min-1 kg-1, 54.83 ±â€¯7.683 ml kg-1 respectively. The TQSM polypharmacokinetic parameters in astragaloside Ⅳ ordered by AUCT, MRTT, VRTT, CLT, VT were 110.8 ±â€¯51.91 mg min ml-1, 176.0 ±â€¯36.5 min, 39,921 ±â€¯4311 min2, 0.3116 ±â€¯0.02347 ml min-1 kg-1, 54.83 ±â€¯7.683 ml kg-1, respectively, which were closed to the theoretical values. TQSM similarity versus astragaloside Ⅳ was 0.9661. CONCLUSION: The results represented that the optimum Q-marker in BYHWI is astragaloside Ⅳ, whose transitivity in vivo similarity was close to the behavior of polypharmacokinetics with maximum bioavailability to the total quanta. It is feasible for Q-marker in CMMs to screen on the comparison of single pharmacokinetic behavior and bioavailability to the total quanta.

Intervention of Chinese materia medica in angiogenesis of zebrafish / 中草药

Angiogenesis involves the occurrence and development of serious diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and malignant tumors. Promoting or inhibiting angiogenesis is considered to be a key factor in controlling the progression of the disease. Chinese materia medica (CMM) has become a research hotspot because of its good clinical therapeutic effect and significant intervention on angiogenesis. The zebrafish model as an ideal animal model also provides a good experimental basis for the study of angiogenesis. CMM monomers, extracts, prescriptions and Chinese patent medicine, and other forms of intervention were selected as the research object. Based on zebrafish animal model experiments, we summarize domestic and foreign relevant research and review the research progress of the effect of CMM on angiogenesis in zebrafish, aiming to provide reference for further development and application of zebrafish as a model and further study of CMM intervention in angiogenesis.