Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca ventriculitis, successfully treated with intraventricular tigecycline: A case report.

A 38-year-old male presented to the hospital with headache, fever, and meningeal signs. He had undergone a surgical review of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt system one month earlier. A head computed tomography scan showed hydrocephalus. His medical history included a human immunodeficiency virus infection identified four years before and resolved cryptococcal meningitis, which had necessitated the implantation of the shunt system. Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained, which showed inflammation and, in culture, grew a Gram-negative bacillus identified as multidrug-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca. The shunt was removed and a ventricular drain was installed. Treatment with meropenem and amikacin was established without a response; the CSF white blood cell count continued to increase, with cultures remaining positive. The patient's clinical condition deteriorated to stupor. With informed consent, intraventricular (ITV) treatment with tigecycline was initiated at a dose of 5 mg every 24 h and, three days later, the CSF cultures were negativized. Tigecycline levels in the CSF were quantified by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and showed peak concentrations achieved at two hours after the dose of between 178 and 310 µg/mL. After 11 days of treatment with ITV tigecycline and eight negative CSF cultures, a new CSF shunt was installed. During follow-up review 10 months later, the patient reported he was working. The dose of tigecycline used in this study produced levels 15 to 20 times the minimum inhibitory concentration of the bacteria for up to six hours with adequate tolerance.

Ventriculitis Associated with Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae after Acupuncture

BACKGROUND: Ventriculitis is a rare and critical infection of the central nervous system. Here, we report a case of ventriculitis by extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae , after acupuncture at the low back. CASE REPORT: A 72-year-old woman visited our center with fever, headache, and decreased mental status, after undergoing low back acupuncture. Brain imaging showed the fluid-debris level in the lateral ventricle, suggesting ventriculitis. ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae were cultured from the cerebrospinal fluid. After the administration of antibiotics, although the ventriculitis was treated, the quadriplegia remained. CONCLUSIONS: This case stresses the importance of aseptic techniques during acupuncture.