A Judo-Based Exercise Program to Reduce Falls and Frailty Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Feasibility Study.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the feasibility (including recruitment, safety and adherence) and the effects of a twice weekly supervised Judo-based exercise program over eight weeks on mobility, balance, physical performance, quality of life, fear of falling and physical activity (including by frailty status) in community-dwelling older people aged ≥65 years. DESIGN: Pre-post study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 17 participants (mean age 74.3±6.2; range 66-87 years; 76.5% female). INTERVENTION: A Judo-based exercise program conducted twice weekly for 60 minutes per session over eight weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Pre and post assessments included the Timed Up and Go (TUG); the Berg Balance Scale (BBS); the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB); the Short Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36); the Falls Efficiency Scale International (FES-I); and an ActivPal accelerometer to measure participants' physical activity. RESULTS: Most participants had low (≤3) Charlson's Comorbidity Index scores (n=17, 100%), were well nourished (n=16, 94.1%), not sarcopenic (n=16, 94.1%), and not cognitively impaired (n=13, 76.5%), anxious or depressed (n=14, 82.4%). Ten participants (58.8%) were non-frail and seven were pre-frail (41.2%). Significant improvements (p<0.05) were seen for mobility (TUG), balance (BBS) and physical performance (SPPB). Pre-frail participants showed greater improvement in mobility (TUG) than non-frail participants (p=0.020). No changes (p≥0.05) were seen in quality of life, fear of falling, or physical activity. Participants' adherence (i.e., attending sessions) was high (i.e., ≥81.2%). No serious adverse events or withdrawals were reported. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that the eight week Judo-based exercise program can be delivered safely to older adults aged ≥65 years, including those at-risk of frailty, as long as there is close supervision with individualisation of the program in response to emergent health symptoms and the program is conducted on requisite Judo mats. This Judo-based exercise program is effective in improving physical function with potential to prevent falls and frailty risk.

Perfil antropométrico de judocas de elite argentinos / Anthropometric profile of Argentine elite Judokas

Introducción: el judo es un deporte de combate cuya clasificación competitiva depende del peso corporal, lo cual está destinado a promover competencias parejas y equitativas en cuanto a capacidades físicas se refiere. El avance de las ciencias del entrenamiento y de la nutrición deportiva generó una mejora de la composición corporal en los deportistas, redundando en un aumento de los valores de masa muscular y en una disminución de la masa adiposa. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la composición corporal de las personas que practican Judo participantes del campeonato nacional argentino del año 2021. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo a los/as participantes del campeonato nacional de judo del año 2021. Fueron evaluados un total de 183 judocas (51 mujeres y 132 varones), según el protocolo de medición de la ISAK. Para la determinación de la composición corporal se utilizó el método de fraccionamiento anatómico de cinco componentes de Kerry Ross. Resultados: el promedio de las judocas fue de 30,5% para la masa adiposa y de 44,5% para la masa muscular; no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los distintos grupos de edad. Los varones obtuvieron un valor promedio de 22,4% para la masa adiposa y 49,1%para la masa muscular; en este caso se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los distintos grupos de edad, tanto para la masa adiposa como para la muscular y la masa ósea. Discusión: se necesitan más estudios con grupos estratificados en función de la división de peso corporal para poder establecer patrones de referencia específicos para el trabajo en ciencias del ejercicio y la nutrición. Conclusión: la optimización de la composición corporal de las personas que practican Judo redunda positivamente en la mejora de las capacidades físicas específicas. Los datos presentados constituyen una referencia específica de utilidad para la evaluación y seguimiento de las personas que practican Judo. La estratificación por grupos etarios y división de peso corporal permitirá delimitar mejor aún los valores de cada categoría de edad. Se considera relevante vincular la composición corporal con las pruebas físicas y los resultados deportivos, a fin de establecer un mejor perfil del judoca argentino. (AU)

Introduction: judo is a combat sport whose competitive classification depends on body weight, intended to promote even and equitable compe-titions in terms of physical abilities. Advances in the sciences of training and sports nutrition have led to an improvement in the body composition of athletes, resulting in an increase in muscle mass and a decrease in adipose mass. This study aimed to estimate the body composition of judo fighters participating in the 2021 Argentine National Championship. Materials and methods: we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of participants of the 2021 national judo championship. We evaluated 183 judokas (51 women and 132 men) applying the ISAK measurement protocol. We used the Kerry Ross five-component fractional anatomic method to determine body composition. Results: the average for female judo players was 30.5% for adipose mass and 44.5% for muscle mass; we found no statistically significant diffe-rences in the different age groups. The average value for males was 22.4% for adipose mass and 49.1% for muscle mass; in this case, we found significant differences between the different age groups for adipose mass and muscle and bone mass. Discussion: there is a need for more studies with stratified groups according to body weight division to establish specific reference standards for the work in exercise science and nutrition. Conclusion: the optimization of the body composition of female and male judo players has a positive effect on the improvement of specific physical capacities. The data presented constitute a relevant reference for the evaluation and follow-up of judokas. The stratification by age groups and body weight division will allow a better delimitation of the values of each age category. Linking body composition with physical tests and results is considered relevant to obtain a better profile of the Argentinian judo player. (AU)

A burst of fenoterol excretion during the recovery of a weight loss protocol.

Fenoterol is a sympathomimetic ß2 receptor agonist primarily used as a bronchodilator. Due to its sympathomimetic actions, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has banned it. Multiple acute weight loss protocols (WLP) are used by Olympic athletes for sports that segregate athletes by weight; these generally involve caloric and water deprivation combined with heat exposure. Athletes use WLP before weigh-in, then transition to different body acute weight regain protocols (WRP) before competitions. Here, we studied the pharmacokinetics of fenoterol under WLP conditions: energetic dietary restriction, decreased water intake, and exposure to a dry sauna (80 ± 2 °C), followed by a WRP. Five elite-level female judo athletes participated in the study. Four received fenoterol (200 µg; n = 2 or 400 µg; n = 2), while one was a control receiving placebo under identical conditions. We measured excretion of the fenoterol parent molecule and presented qualitative data of its sulfated metabolite using QqQ tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry for 118 h. The fenoterol parent appeared earlier in urine than did its conjugated metabolite; excretion profiles were similar among all subjects. The centers of mass for fenoterol parent curves were (time, fenoterol): athlete A (10.9, 7.3); athlete B (9.2, 27.3); athlete C (8.5, 6.9); athlete D (9.7, 5.0). After initiating WRP, we observed a burst in urinary fenoterol excretion once in complete decay. This trend was observed for all four athletes who received fenoterol. Our results suggest that during hypohydration, some of the unmetabolized fenoterol accumulates in tissues, then is released during rehydration. These findings can be important for detecting fenoterol use in athletes.

Core stability training effects on lower limb rehabilitation of judokas / Efeitos do treino de estabilidade do core na reabilitação em membros inferiores de judocas / Efectos del entrenamiento de la estabilidad del core en la rehabilitación de los miembros inferiores de judokas

ABSTRACT Introduction Judo is a sport that presents a high incidence of sports injuries. Judo athletes want to master their skills to the maximum. Good physical conditioning is necessary to decrease the incidence of surgeries and achieve better results. Core stability exercises can discretely reduce the likelihood of lower limb injuries in judo athletes. Objective This paper examines the rehabilitation of core stability training effects on lower limb injuries in judokas by case studies. Methods A Chinese judo team member with a lower limb injury underwent core stability training. Isokinetic strength tests, body composition tests, and functional checks explored the athlete's physical recovery after training. Results The athletes' lower limbs progressed with good recovery (P<0.05). Additionally, a recovery in fitness level was also noted (P<0.05). Conclusion Core stability training positively affects recovery from lower limb injuries in judokas. Evidence level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.

RESUMO Introdução O judô é um esporte com alta incidência de lesões esportivas. Atletas de judô querem dominar o máximo de suas habilidades. Para diminuir a incidência de cirurgias e alcançar melhores resultados é necessário um bom condicionamento físico. Os exercícios de estabilidade do core podem reduzir discretamente a probabilidade de lesões nos membros inferiores em judocas. Objetivo Este artigo analisa o efeito da reabilitação com treino de estabilidade do core em lesões de membros inferiores de judocas por meio de estudos de caso. Métodos Um membro da equipe chinesa de judô com lesão de membro inferior realizou treinamento de estabilidade do core. Foram utilizados testes de força isocinética, testes de composição corporal e verificações funcionais para explorar a recuperação física do atleta após o treino. Resultados Os membros inferiores dos atletas evoluíram com boa recuperação (P<0,05). Adicionalmente, notou-se também uma recuperação no nível de aptidão física (P<0,05). Conclusão O treinamento de estabilidade do core afeta positivamente a recuperação de lesões de membros inferiores em judocas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação de resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción El judo es un deporte con alta incidencia de lesiones deportivas. Los atletas de judo quieren dominar el máximo de sus capacidades. Para reducir la incidencia de las cirugías y lograr mejores resultados, es necesario un buen acondicionamiento físico. Los ejercicios de estabilidad del core pueden reducir discretamente la probabilidad de lesiones de las extremidades inferiores en los judokas. Objetivo Este artículo examina el efecto de la rehabilitación con el entrenamiento de la estabilidad del core en las lesiones de las extremidades inferiores en los judokas mediante el estudio de casos. Métodos Un miembro del equipo de judo chino con una lesión en las extremidades inferiores se sometió a un entrenamiento de estabilidad del core. Se utilizaron pruebas de fuerza isocinética, pruebas de composición corporal y controles funcionales para explorar la recuperación física del atleta después del entrenamiento. Resultados Los miembros inferiores de los atletas evolucionaron con una buena recuperación (P<0,05). Además, también se observó una recuperación del nivel de aptitud física (P<0,05). Conclusión El entrenamiento de la estabilidad del core afecta positivamente a la recuperación de las lesiones de las extremidades inferiores en los judokas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Comparison of First Childbirth Characteristics between Elite Judo Athletes and Non-Athletes: The Preliminary Retrospective Case-Control Study.

It has been speculated that elite athletes are more likely to have obstetric interventions during labor and delivery. So far, the impact of many years of competitive sports participation on childbirth characteristics has not been well-established. This preliminary retrospective case-control study aimed to determine whether the first labors of elite judo competitors required obstetric interventions more frequently and were longer than those of non-athletes. The study comprised 32 parous women: 16 elite judo athletes and 16 non-athletes. Women were included if they had access to the following obstetric data (from their first childbirth hospital discharge reports and/or first child's health record books): induction and augmentation of labor, mode of delivery, the duration of labor and its second stage, episiotomy, perineal tear, and the neonate's Apgar score. Electronic surveys were completed concerning childbirth characteristics, level of "eliteness" (judo athletes), and recreational physical activity (non-athletes). The statistical analysis showed no significant between-group differences in any of the first childbirth outcomes under analysis. The preliminary results indicate elite judo practice before first pregnancy had no negative impact on the rates of labor induction and augmentation, delivery mode, duration of labor, the rates of episiotomy and perineal tear, and the neonate's Apgar score. Due to the small sample size, the conclusions should be considered with caution.

Aerobic Capacity and Restitution Efficiency Level in Relation to the Training Experience and Weekly Training Volume of Male and Female Judo National Team Members in the Cadet Age Group (U18) during the Preparatory Period.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of aerobic capacity and post-exercise restitution during the preparation period, with training experience and weekly training volume. All (12) athletes (six women; six men) participating in the training camp of the Polish national judo team in the cadet age group were tested. The Maximal Multistage 20-m Shuttle Run Test was used to investigate the level of aerobic capacity, and the Klonowicz coefficient of restitution (COR) 3 min after exercise (COR 3') and 5 min after exercise (COR 5') was used to determine the level of post-exercise restitution efficiency. The results showed that higher training experience significantly affected the deterioration of COR 3' in female athletes and improved the results in the capacity test of male athletes. Female and male athletes with a higher weekly training volume had a higher HR at the end of the performance test. Considering the demonstrated correlations, special attention should be paid to matching the loads in training programs to the age of the athletes, introducing into training programs the teaching of body management during fatigue. Failing to adjust this may make participation impossible in competitions at the international level for older age groups.

Judokas Show Increased Resilience to Unpredictable Stance Perturbations.

Combat sports are characterized by frequent large-scale stance perturbations that may lead to falls. In the present investigation, we compared compensatory arm and leg movements in response to unpredictable stance perturbations between judokas and other athletes whose sports present reduced balance demand, relative to combat sports. Specifically, we tested judokas (n = 9), and a group of swimmers and runners (n = 11, controls) in sudden support base displacements in the mediolateral direction, generated by a movable electronic platform, in the following modes: (a) rotation, (b) translation, and (c) combined rotation-translation. The platform was displaced to either side, in three peak velocities (cm/second or o/second) of 20 (low), 30 (moderate), or 40 (high), resulting in 18 distinct perturbations. We evaluated postural responses with a scale for analyzing the stability of compensatory arm and leg movements (CALM). Results showed that, in the most challenging perturbations, judokas had higher stability scores (arm, leg, and global) than did the comparison group. Higher scores for judokas reflected their increased rate of motionless arm and leg responses and absence of near-falls, compared to 30% falls in the most challenging perturbations for the swimmers and runners. As a practical application, judo training may help achieve stable compensatory limb movements in a way that parallels the benefits obtained from perturbation-based balance training in laboratory settings.

A Systematic Review on the Biomechanics of Breakfall Technique (Ukemi) in Relation to Injury in Judo within the Adult Judoka Population.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the biomechanics of Ukemi in relation to head and neck injury in adult judokas with varying skill sets. DESIGN: Narrative systematic review. METHODS: An extensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, Science direct and EMBASE from inception to April 2021. Studies were included if they: (1) reported biomechanical analysis of judo throws and Ukemi; (2) were on adult judoka populations; (3) discussed injury related to judo technique. The included studies were assessed for risk of bias using a five-part modified STROBE checklist. A narrative synthesis was performed due to the heterogeneity of included studies. RESULTS: 173 titles and abstracts were screened with 16 studies (158 judokas, 9 of which were female) included. All studies used 3D biomechanical analysis to assess Ukemi. Ukemi implementation produced reduced kinematic data in comparison to direct occipital contact, which was always below the injury threshold. Analysis of lower limb and trunk kinematics revealed variances in Ukemi between novice and experienced judoka. Whilst no significant differences were seen in neck flexion angles, hip, knee and trunk angle time plots revealed greater extension angles in experienced judokas. CONCLUSIONS: Ukemi is essential in preventing head and neck injuries; however, technique differs between experienced and novice judoka. Larger flexion angles of the hip, knee and trunk are seen in novice judoka, which correlate with increased kinematic data. The association of greater neck muscle strength with improved Ukemi is weak. However, a negative correlation was established between fatigue and breakfall skill by one study.

Effects of 3 mg/kg Body Mass of Caffeine on the Performance of Jiu-Jitsu Elite Athletes.

The effects of caffeine were investigated in judo, boxing, taekwondo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. However, this substance was never investigated regarding traditional jiu-jitsu. Therefore, the aim of this research was to analyze the effects of caffeine in the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) and technical variables during combat in traditional jiu-jitsu elite athletes. Methods: Twenty-two young professionals of traditional jiu-jitsu, 11 men and 11 women (age = 22 ± 4 (18−33) years, body mass = 66.6 ± 10.8 (46.2−86.1) kg, height = 1.70 ± 0.9 (1.55−1.85) m) with 15 ± 7 years of experience in traditional jiu-jitsu, participated in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover study. In two different conditions, the traditional jiu-jitsu athletes ingested 3 mg/kg body mass of caffeine or a placebo. After 60 min, they performed the SJFT test to measure throwing performance, and subsequently, combat to analyze offensive and defensive hitting techniques. Results: Caffeine had a main effect on the number of throws during the SJFT test (P < 0.01). In addition, it was effective in sets 2 (13 ± 2 vs. 14 ± 2; p = 0.01) and 3 (12 ± 2 vs. 13 ± 1; p = 0.03). There was also a main effect during the test on heart rate when caffeine was ingested (F = 12.48, p < 0.01). The effects of caffeine were similar compared to the placebo condition regarding performance during combat both in offensive and defensive fighting variables Conclusions: the pre-exercise ingestion of 3 mg/kg body mass of caffeine increased performance in the SJFT test, decreased fatigue perception, and increased power and endurance perception in professionally traditional jiu-jitsu athletes. However, it did not seem to improve offensive and defensive technical actions during combat.

Principles of Judo Training as an Organised Form of Physical Activity for Children.

When organising judo training for children, it is essential to ensure maximum safety, and use an appropriate training methodology adapted to the age of the youngest judo athletes. This paper aims to review the current literature containing judo training principles and safety-related considerations for preschool (4-6 years) and school-age (7-12 years) children as an organised physical activity. Data were collected until October 2021 from eight international scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, UpToDate, Web of Science, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar). In the overviews, we found various times and frequencies of judo training for children. In preschool, the training time was 30-60 min with a frequency of 2-3 times per week, whereas in the school-age group, the training time was extended from 45 to 90 min 3-4 times per week. The most common injuries included upper arm injuries, followed by those of the lower limbs. In the future, it would be an advantage to systematise the methodology of judo training as an organised form of physical activity that can complement the daily dose of exercises recommended by the World Health Organization for maintaining children's general health.

The Role of Psychological Factors in Judo: A Systematic Review.

(1) Background: Psychological parameters are relevant in the practice of judo. Previous studies have shown that parameters such as anxiety or motivation can have a negative or positive impact on the athlete's performance and general well-being, depending on the athlete's perception. This systematic review aimed to summarize the studies examining the influence of various psychological parameters on well-being and performance in judo athletes; (2) Methods: We followed preferred reporting elements for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We searched the Web of Science database for studies that explained the role of these parameters in elite athletes. Of the 286 articles initially identified, 17 met our eligibility criteria and were included in the review. In total, we analyzed data from 721 judo athletes; (3) Results: The studies found have demonstrated the impact of various psychological parameters during high-level performance and how these parameters can influence and lead an athlete to win or lose a competition. The feelings of tension, anger, anxiety, and nervousness were significantly increased in athletes who were facing defeat, while a decrease in the same segments and an increase in motivation among athletes who were experiencing better performance was observed. Further research under standardized conditions is needed to better understand the effects of these parameters on judo athletes; (4) Conclusions: Considering the athlete's psychological state can affect performance, and it is therefore important to monitor and train these factors.

Judô paralímpico: atuação profissional de professores das américas e europa / Paralympic judo: professional performance of coaches from the americas and europe / Judo paralímpico: desempeño profesional de profesores de las américas y europa

O judô é uma das modalidade esportivas dos Jogos Paralímpicos e é exclusivo para pessoas com deficiência visual. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as estratégias de ensino adotadas por professores dessa modalidade de diferentes países. Esta pesquisa quantitativa utilizou o método survey com escala Likert de 5 pontos. A amostra foi formada por 20 professores de 11 países das Américas e Europa. Como resultado, constatou-se que todos os professores participantes mesclam em sua atuação profissional aspectos tradicionais e inovadores, porém com maior ênfase nos inovadores (p<0.05). Os materiais mais utilizados nas aulas foram: cordas (25%), bolas (23,3%) e panos (11,6%). Esperamos que esta pesquisa2 possa contribuir com futuros professores de judô paralímpico possibilitando novas perspectivas e reflexões (AU).

Judo is a sport of the Paralympic Games and is exclusively for people with visual impairments. The objective of this research was to analyze the teaching strategies adopted by coaches of paralympic judo from different countries. This quantitative research used the survey me-thod with a 5-point Likert scale. The sample consisted of 20 coaches from 11 countries. As a result, it was found that all teachers mix traditional and innovative aspects in their professional performance, but with a greater emphasis on innovators (p <0.05). The most used materials mentioned were: strings (25%) balls (23.3%) and cloths (11.6%). We hope that this re-search can contribute to future Paralympic judo coaches, enabling new perspectives and reflections (AU)

El judo es una de las modalidades deportivas de los Juegos Paralímpicos y es exclusivamente para personas con discapacidad visual. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las estrategias de enseñan-za adoptadas por docentes de esta modalidad de diferentes países. Esta investigación cuantitativa utilizó el método de encuesta con una escala Likert de 5 puntos. La muestra estuvo formada por 20 profesores de 11 países. Como resultado, se encontró que todos los docentes mezclan as-pectos tradicionales e innovadores en su desempeño profesional, pero con un mayor énfasis en los innovadores (p <0.05). Los materiales más uti-lizados mencionados fueron: cuerdas (25%) bolas (23,3%) y telas (11,6%). Esperamos que esta investigación pueda contribuir a los futuros profeso-res de judo paralímpico, posibilitando nuevas perspectivas y reflexiones (AU).

Proposal of a New Specific Test to Assess the Aerobic Performance in Judo.

Purpose: Judo is an intermittent sport, dependent on anaerobic metabolism as well as aerobic metabolism to generate energy during a match; however, there are few reliable tests to measure specific aerobic performance in judo. Thus, the present study aimed to propose a new specific and indirect method to assess the aerobic performance in judo athletes; it determined the inter-rater and test-retest reliability of this new protocol and correlated the new protocol with a valid laboratory test. Method: The participants included 15 men, athletes of judo (age average: 21.59 ± 4.60 years, weight: 80.71 ± 15.93 kg and height: 173.2 ± 6.84 cm). The participants performed three tests: the first test was a graded exercise test (GXT) and the second and third tests were the Judo Aerobic Test (JAT). Results: The test presented high test-retest and inter-rater reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) ranking of 0.68-0.96, the correlation values ranging from .77 to .96, and no statistical differences between means in test and retest (p > .05). The standard error of measurement and the coefficient of variation between raters presented lower than 10%, indicating reproducibility. Moderate and strong correlations were found between JAT and GXT variables. Conclusion: We concluded that the test presents excellent inter-rater and test-retest reliability and a moderate correlation with GXT.

How wide should you view to fight? Establishing the size of the visual field necessary for grip fighting in judo.

Peripheral vision is often considered vital in (combat) sports, yet most experimental paradigms (e.g., eye tracking) ignore peripheral information or struggle to make inferences about the role of peripheral vision in an in-situ performance environment. This study aimed to determine where visual information is located in the peripheral field during an in-situ combat sports task. Eight advanced judokas competed in grip-fighting exchanges while wearing a mobile eye-tracker to locate gaze direction. Three-dimensional position data of the head and hands were tracked using a VICON motion capture system. Gaze analysis through automatic feature detection showed that participants predominantly fixated on their opponent's chest. Kinematic data were used to calculate the angles between the opponent's hands and the gaze-anchor point on the chest of the opponent. Results revealed a nonlinear relationship between visual field (VF) size and visibility of the hands, with athletes needing a VF of at least 30-40 degrees radius to simultaneously monitor both hands of the opponent most of the time. These findings hold implications for the regulation of Paralympic judo for athletes with vision impairment, suggesting that a less severe degree of impairment should be required to qualify than the current criterion of 20 degrees radius.

Analysis of the fight-ending chokes in the history of the Ultimate Fighting Championship™ mixed martial arts promotion.

OBJECTIVE: Knowledge of sportive chokes is vital to the practice of Sports Medicine when providing care at mixed martial arts and submission grappling events. This is a descriptive analysis of fight-ending chokes to help provide data on the topic not previously presented. METHODS: An analysis was done on every fight-ending choke in the history of the UFC™ mixed martial arts promotion. Investigators focused on the frequency of chokes, types of chokes, handedness of the chokes, and whether chokes resulted in loss of consciousness. This analysis was done using existing fight outcome reports and video analysis of every choke that ended a fight in UFC™ history. RESULTS: During the study period there were 904 such chokes, comprising 15.5% of fight outcomes and 76.2% of grappling submissions. The makeup of right (50.1%) and left (49.9%) handedness of the chokes has been essentially identical (χ2 [1] = 0.0011, p =.947, phi =.00). Most of the fight-ending chokes culminated in voluntary submission; however, 11% resulted in loss of consciousness. The rear naked choke (RNC) was significantly more frequent than other chokes, comprising 49.1% of the total choke finishes; 19 other choke types accounted for the remaining 50.9%. CONCLUSION: Fight-ending chokes have been common in MMA. Many types of chokes have successfully ended UFC™ fights, with the RNC accounting for almost half of fight-ending chokes. Loss of consciousness occurred in 11% of fight-ending chokes. Right and left handed chokes were utilized equally.

Discursos de professores de judô do Espírito Santo sobre as práticas pedagógicas para as crianças / Discourses from judo teachers of the Espírito Santo state on pedagogical practices for children

RESUMO O artigo tem como objetivo analisar, por meio dos discursos de professores de judô que trabalham com crianças, como eles conduzem as suas práticas de ensino com o público infantil. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-interpretativo realizado com 33 professores do estado do Espírito Santo. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de questionário enviado pelo Google Forms. Os resultados indicam que os professores enfatizam os aspectos axiológicos, técnicos e o desenvolvimento motor em seus processos de ensino, que apontam para uma concepção universal de infância. Embora utilizem os jogos e as brincadeiras em suas aulas, os discursos sugerem uma apropriação instrumental dessas manifestações lúdicas, com pouco espaço para que as crianças tenham as suas subjetividades, agências e práticas autorais reconhecidas e valorizadas.

ABSTRACT The article aims to analyze, through the speeches of judo teachers who work with children, how they conduct their teaching practices with children. This is a descriptive-interpretative study carried out with 33 teachers from the state of Espírito Santo. Data were produced through a questionnaire sent by Google Forms. The results indicate that teachers emphasize axiological, technical, and motor development aspects in their teaching processes, which point to a universal conception of childhood. Although they use games and play in their classes, the discourses suggest an instrumental appropriation of these playful manifestations, with little space for children to have their subjectivities, agencies, and authorial practices recognized and valued.

Rasgos de personalidad en judokas senior y diferencias con población general / Personality traits in senior judokas and differences with the general population / Traços de personalidade nos judocas sênior e diferenças com a população geral

El análisis de los aspectos psicológicos de la práctica deportiva resulta de interés para el desarrollo de intervenciones orientadas a alcanzar el máximo potencial de los deportistas. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo analizar los rasgos de personalidad de judokas senior en función de (a) sexo, (b) edad, (c) graduación alcanzada, (d) máximo nivel de competición alcanzado, (e) años de experiencia, (f) categoría de peso, y (g) explorar las diferencias con los rasgos de personalidad de población general. Participaron 116 judokas argentinos (86 hombres y 30 mujeres). Se aplicó el Listado de Adjetivos para Evaluar la Personalidad. Los resultados muestran diferencias entre pequeñas y moderadas entre los deportistas en función del sexo, la edad, la graduación de judo, el nivel de competición y los años de experiencia deportiva. No se hallaron diferencias entre las categorías de peso. También se observaron diferencias con la personalidad de la población normotípica: mujeres judokas reportaron mayor Apertura y hombres judokas, mayor Amabilidad, Responsabilidad y Estabilidad emocional. Los resultados representan un aporte al conocimiento del perfil psicológico de los judokas y los rasgos presentes en deportistas de alta competición.

The analysis of the psychological aspects of different sports is relevant for the development of interventions aimed at reaching the maximum potential of athletes. The aim of this study was to analyze the personality traits of senior judokas according to (a) sex, (b) age, (c) graduation, (d) competition level attained, (e) years of experience, (f) weight category, and (g) to explore the differences with the personality traits of the general population. A total of 116 Argentinean judokas (86 men and 30 women) participated in the study. Personality traits were assessed through the Adjectives Check List. The results show small to moderate differences between the judokas according to sex, age, graduation, competition level, and years of sport experience. No differences were found according to weight category. Differences in personality were also detected between the judokas and the general population: female judokas reported higher levels of Openness to experience, and male judokas reported higher levels of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotional stability. The results represent a contribution about the psychological profile of judokas and the personality traits of high competition athletes. (AU)

A análise dos aspectos psicológicos da prática desportiva é de interesse para o desenvolvimento de intervenções destinadas a alcançar o máximo potencial dos atletas. O objectivo deste estudo foi analisar os traços de personalidade dos judocas sênior de acordo com (a) sexo, (b) idade, (c) graduação, (d) nível de competição atingido, (e) anos de experiência, (f) categoria de peso, e (g) explorar as diferenças com os traços de personalidade da população em geral. Participaram no estudo 116 judocas argentinos (86 homens, 30 mulheres) e foram avaliados através da Lista de Adjetivos para Avaliar a Personalidade. Os resultados mostram diferenças pequenas a moderadas entre os judocas de acordo com o sexo, idade, graduação, nível de competição e anos de experiência desportiva. Não foram encontradas diferenças de acordo com a categoria de peso. Foram também encontradas diferenças de personalidade entre os judocas e a população em geral: as judocas femininas reportaram mais Abertura, e os judocas masculinos reportaram mais, Conscienciosidade e Estabilidade Emocional. Os resultados representam uma contribuição para o conhecimento do perfil psicológico dos judocas e dos traços presentes nos atletas de alta competição.(AU)

Assessment of the efficacy and safety of a Judo exercise program in improving the quality of life among elderly patients.

Objectives: Several reports have shown that Tai Chi Chuan can be an effective way to prevent falls among the elderly. However, an exercise program that can prevent injury during falls has not been reported previously. The judo technique called ukemi is used to prevent injuries. To evaluate whether a judo-based exercise program could prevent falls in the elderly, we had the participants practice ukemi as part of a therapeutic routine. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical significance of the program and to predict its safety. Methods: From July 2016 to March 2017, we examined 53 individuals who participated in the exercise program. The individuals were divided into high (n=39) and low (n=14) movement ability groups (HMA and LMA groups, respectively), and their physical and psychological functions were evaluated using scores from the Short-Form Health Survey 36. We also collected and analyzed data from questionnaires obtained from 384 patients who participated in the program from July 2016 to July 2019. Results: The HMA group showed a significant increase in the mental component summary scores before and after the exercise program. In the LMA group, physical functioning, social functioning, and physical component summary scores were significantly improved. Of the participants surveyed, 94.8% had a high level of satisfaction, and 93.2% began accepting the exercise as a daily habit. No adverse events were observed during these exercises. Conclusion: This novel exercise program was performed safely, and positive effects were observed, especially in individuals with a low quality of life.

Weight Loss Strategies in Male Competitors of Combat Sport Disciplines.

Background and objective: The use of suboptimal weight loss strategies in order to reach specific weight ranges as observed in combat sport disciplines can give rise to severe health problems. However, particular aspects regarding management of weight category comparing three sport disciplines remain to be investigated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to obtain information regarding the weight loss strategies that competitors performed before a tournament. Materials and Methods: This article describes the most common dietary-nutritional strategies used by 140 national university male competitors of judo (n = 52), karate (n = 40) and taekwondo (n = 48) in order to achieve a specific weight, according to the rapid weight loss questionnaire (RWLQ) and the EAT-27 questionnaire. Results: Around 50% of participants were not involved in a weight loss process. Among the remaining participants, we considered three periods for weight reduction: less than 1 week (35% in judo, 8% in karate and 19% in taekwondo), less than 1 month (17% in judo, 15% in karate and 26% in taekwondo) and more than 1 month (0% in judo, 5% in karate and 21% in taekwondo). Severe fasting, focused on food/water restriction, was the most commonly used strategy, being more frequent in judo players. Light weight judo practitioners generally lost 2-5 kg before the contest. One third of participants avoided carbohydrate consumption when performing food restriction. Finally, individuals that reduced weight in the last week seemed to develop an unhealthy psychological relationship with food. Conclusion: All these aspects could be particularly relevant, providing information regarding how competitors manage basic nutritional concepts that guide dieting strategies. This information is relevant to prepare future educational interventions in the area of nutrition for competitors, coaches and technical staff.

Statistical Extraction Method for Revealing Key Factors from Posture before Initiating Successful Throwing Technique in Judo.

Many methods such as biomechanics and coaching have been proposed to help people learn a certain movement. There have been proposals for methods to discover characteristics of movement based on information obtained from videos and sensors. Especially in sports, it is expected that these methods can provide hints to improve movement skills. However, conventional methods focus on individual movements, and do not consider cases where external factors influence the movement, such as combat sports. In this paper, we propose a novel method called the Extraction for Successful Movement method (XSM method). Applying the method, this paper focuses on throwing techniques in judo to discover key factors that induce successful throwing from the postures right before initiating the throwing techniques. We define candidate factors by observing the video scenes where the throwing techniques are successfully performed. The method demonstrates the significance of the key factors according to the predominance of factors by χ2 test and residual analysis. Applying the XSM method to the dataset obtained from the videos of the Judo World Championships, we demonstrate the validity of the method with discussing the key factors related to the successful throwing techniques.