Mindful-Gratitude Practice Reduces Prejudice at High Levels of Collective Narcissism.

This research tested the hypothesis that mindful-gratitude practice attenuates the robust association between collective narcissism and prejudice. In Study 1 (a between-subjects study using a nationally representative sample of 569 Polish adults; 313 female), 10 min of mindful-gratitude practice-compared to mindful-attention practice and control-did not decrease prejudice (anti-Semitism), but weakened the positive link between collective narcissism and prejudice. In Study 2 (a preregistered, randomized, controlled-trial study using a convenience sample of 219 Polish adults; 168 female), a 6-week mobile app supported training in daily mindful-gratitude practice decreased prejudice (anti-Semitism, sexism, homophobia, anti-immigrant sentiment) and its link with collective narcissism compared to a wait-list control. The hypothesis-consistent results emphasize the social relevance of mindful-gratitude practice, a time- and cost-effective intervention.

Expressões de gênero no processo de cuidado e prevenção da COVID-19 durante a pandemia: reflexões da e para a terapia ocupacional social / Gender expressions in the care and COVID-19 prevention process during the pandemic: reflections from and to social occupational therapy

Resumo O presente artigo discute as expressões de gênero no processo de cuidado e prevenção da COVID-19 e busca explicitar as manifestações do sexismo nas questões relativas às mudanças no cotidiano acarretadas pela pandemia, além de refletir sobre as possibilidades de ação da terapia ocupacional social frente a essas problemáticas. A investigação se desdobrou de um projeto mais amplo, intitulado "Desigualdades e vulnerabilidades na epidemia de COVID-19: monitoramento, análise e recomendações", realizado entre maio e novembro de 2020, cujo objetivo geral foi avaliar os impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 em bairros de maior vulnerabilidade dos municípios onde o estudo foi realizado. A metodologia se baseou na utilização do material produzido no processo de ida a campo. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que se debruçou sobre as informações obtidas na realização de rodas de conversa, entrevistas, aplicação de questionários, na produção de relatórios e diários de campo e na articulação deste material com referenciais teóricos que privilegiam a terapia ocupacional social e os estudos de gênero. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se a diferente forma como homens e mulheres compreenderam o período e estabeleceram seus modos de vida na pandemia, além das distintas atitudes e comportamentos frente aos cuidados necessários à prevenção da COVID-19. A crítica à masculinidade hegemônica permite um acúmulo de conhecimento que favorece a elaboração de processos interventivos, como a realização de oficinas de atividades e rodas de conversa que objetivam amenizar os reflexos desse pensamento na sociedade.

Abstract This article discusses the expressions of gender in the care and prevention process of COVID-19 and seeks to explain the manifestations of sexism in issues related to the changes in daily life caused by the pandemic, in addition to reflecting on the possibilities of actions of occupational therapy in this context. The investigation presented in this article unfolded from a broader project, entitled: "Inequalities and vulnerabilities in the COVID-19 epidemic: monitoring, analysis, and recommendations", carried out between May and November 2020, whose general objective was to assess the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in more vulnerable neighborhoods of the municipalities where the study was carried out. The methodology was based on the use of material produced in the field research process; this is a qualitative study that focused on the information obtained through conversation circles, interviews, application of questionnaires, the production of reports and field diaries, and the articulation of this material with theoretical references that favor social occupational therapy and gender studies. Among the results, it's possible to highlight the different ways in which men and women comprehended the period and established their ways of life in the pandemic, in addition to the different attitudes and behaviors towards the care necessary to prevent COVID-19. The critique of hegemonic masculinity allows for an accumulation of knowledge that favors the development of interventional processes, such as the carrying out of activity workshops and conversation circles that aim to soften the reflexes of this thought on society.

The role of women in Brazilian ethnobiology: challenges and perspectives.

BACKGROUND: The article aims to analyze the representativeness of women in ethnobiological publications within the Brazilian context, as well as to relate the difficulties faced by women in their scientific careers in terms of gender bias. Biases found in publications are relevant themes to different areas of knowledge, considering the historical persistence of male privilege in these activities. We analyzed the role of women in ethnobiological scientific publications and sought to reflect on gender issues in academic practices and fieldwork. METHODS: We conducted a 28-year survey of academic publications in Brazil, through the Scopus and Web of Science databases, in order to infer the female representation in ethnobiological literature. We also sent 77 questionnaires to ethnobiologists associated with the Brazilian society of ethnobiology and ethnoecology or indicted by associates through snowball sampling. RESULTS: We observed that there are more articles where the senior author is male (p < 0.05). However, there are no differences in the number of publications led by men and women (p > 0.05), which shows a positive trend in terms of representation. Within subareas, ethnozoology had more male authors than other subareas of ethnobiology. Articles whose senior authors are men tend to be published in journals with a higher impact (p < 0.05). The interviews with Brazilian ethnobiologists showed that 53.2% of the interviewees reported feeling discriminated against in the academic environment because they were women. Moreover, 61.0% said they had disadvantages in collecting data because they were women. Additionally, most of the researchers reported having witnessed cases of sexism in the studied communities. CONCLUSION: In the current scenarios of female participation, it is possible to reflect and identify advances and challenges associated with gender bias in ethnobiological studies conducted by Brazilian, both in the emic and etic spheres of research and in our scientific practice. As researchers in the area, we deal directly with social problems in the studied communities, such as violence against women, sexism, and prejudice, as well as the many problems faced in the academic universe itself.

Medical students and professional anatomists do not perceive gender bias within imagery featuring anatomy.

Previous studies suggest that, while both medical students and professional anatomists recognize the importance of gender issues and do not wish to associate with sexism, most are unaware of the possible negative aspects of sexism within anatomy (Morgan et al. , J. Anat. 224:352-365; , Clin. Anat. 29:892-910). To further investigate this issue, we provided second year medical students at Cardiff University (n = 293) and at the University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité (n = 142) and professional anatomists (n = 208) with a questionnaire inviting them to address the possibility that gender factors within anatomical imagery (both historical and contemporary) hinder the dispassionate representation of anatomy. Ethical approval for the survey was obtained from the universities at both Cardiff and Paris. In the light of previous findings, the hypothesis tested was that medical students and professional anatomists do not perceive a gender bias when reflected in imagery that is based on anatomical iconography. Our survey results support this hypothesis and suggest that most students and anatomists are unaware of the possible negative aspects of sexism within the culture of anatomy. We consequently recommend that teachers of anatomy and authors of anatomical textbooks should be aware of the possibility of adverse effects on professional matters relating to equality and diversity issues when using imagery. Clin. Anat. 30:711-732, 2017. © 2017Wiley Periodicals, Inc.