Effect of coating material on microencapsulated phenolic compounds extracted from agroindustrial ciriguela peel residue.

BACKGROUND: Extract of ciriguela residue was microencapsulated by spray-drying and freeze-drying using maltodextrin (M), gum arabic (GA) and their mixture (50% M; 50% GA on dry basis) as encapsulating agents. Total phenolic compounds (TPC), antioxidant activity, physicochemical properties, profile of phenolic compounds by HPLC with diode-array detection and storage stability were evaluated. RESULTS: TPC content of powders ranged from 306.9 to 451.2 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1 dry powder. The spray-dried powder prepared using GA as encapsulating agent had higher TPC content and antioxidant activity, whereas the freeze-dried powder had lower moisture and water activity. Spray-dried microcapsules had spherical shape, whereas freeze-dried products had irregular structures. The profile of phenolic compounds identified in samples was similar, with rutin (342.59 and 72.92 µg g-1 ) and quercetin (181.02 and 43.24 µg g-1 ) being the major compounds in liquid and freeze-dried extracts, respectively, whereas myricetin (97.41 µg g-1 ) was predominant in spray-dried ones. Storage stability tests carried out for 45 days at 7 or 25 °C revealed no statistically significant difference in TPC. CONCLUSION: Ciriguela residue can be considered a source of TPC and used as ingredient with good antioxidant activity in the food industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Characterization of a flavonol-rich antioxidant fraction from Spondias purpurea L. pulp and the effect of its incorporation on cellulose acetate-based film.

BACKGROUND: Active packaging containing natural flavonoid has recently emerged as a result of its potential to inhibit the oxidation of foods by interacting with it and/or its surrounding environment, with the aim of counteracting oxidation reactions and extending the shelf-life of foods. The plant Spondias purpurea L. is widely found in northeastern Brazil and is known to contain bioactive flavonoids. The present study aimed to obtain a flavonoid-rich fraction from the pulp of S. purpurea L. and incorporate it into the cellulose acetate film to obtain biodegradable films with antioxidant properties. RESULTS: The fractionation in SiO2 open-column chromatography of the S. purpurea pulp crude extract furnished an antioxidant active fraction containing the flavonols quercetin 3-O-rutinoside and kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside as the major compounds. This active fraction was incorporated (10, 20 and 30 g kg-1 ) into the substance produced with the casting method for cellulose acetate films. The films produced were characterized concerning mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP) and antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION: The incorporation of the active flavonoid fraction from S. purpurea in the cellulose acetate films decreases WVP and elongation at break, at the same time as increasing antioxidant activity, tensile strength and elastic modulus. Thus, the S. purpurea pulps may be an alternative as a source of antioxidants for use in cellulose acetate films. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

Antioxidant Capacity In Vitro and In Vivo of Various Ecotypes of Mexican Plum (Spondias purpurea L.).

Spondias purpurea L. is a fruit native to Mexico, however, it is found as far away as Brazil. It possesses a high commercial potential owing to its sensorial and nutritional qualities and its low cost of production. There exists a variety of ecotypes that have not been characterized and their adequate selection process, according to their strongest functional characteristics, will allow the establishment of improvement programs for this genetic resource. The object of this study was the chemical characterization and the determination of the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant capacity of 7 Spondias purpurea L. ecotypes. Differences were observed in the antioxidant capacity and the content of functional compounds among all the ecotypes analyzed. A high total phenolic content and a low flavonoid and carotenoid content were found, both in the epicarp and in the pulp. In each ecotype, the hydrophilic phase presented up to 40 times greater antioxidant capacity compared to the lipophilic phase. The hydrophilic phase of the epicarp of "Costeña Tierra Colorada" had the greatest antioxidant capacity and highest total phenolic content, whereas "Jocote" presented the lowest antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. A positive correlation was observed between phenol levels and the antioxidant capacity in the epicarp. Regarding antioxidant activity in vivo, it was observed that in all analyzed concentrations of hydrophilic extracts of the epicarp of "Costeña Tierra Colorada" and in the highest "Jocote" concentrations, they provided thermo-protection against heat stress as well as a general well-being to the worm as evidenced by their high mobility.

Efeito modulador do extrato de plantas medicinais do gênero Spondias sobre a resistência de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus à Eritromicina / Modulatory effect of the extract of medicinal plants of Spondias genus on resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to Erythromycin

A acentuada resistência bacteriana gera uma necessidade de desenvolver novos fármacos e a pesquisa com plantas medicinais, como fontes de substâncias bioativas vêm sendo um indicativo para descoberta de eficientes agentes terapêuticos. Microrganismos do gênero Staphylococcus são cocos Gram positivos, que podem causar supurações, abscessos e diversas infecções piogênicas em humanos e animais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a atividade moduladora de extratos de plantas medicinais do gênero Spondias frente à Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a eritromicina. A concentração inibitória mínima e a capacidade de modular a resistência das cepas de S. aureus à Eritromicina foram avaliadas pelo método de microduluição. Os resultados mostraram que a associação de eritromicina com Spondias purpurea apresentou efeito sinérgico sobre as cepas SA04 e SA05. Enquanto que a Spondias mombin apresentou sinergismos sobre a ATCC, SA01, SA03 e SA05. O bioensaio com A. salina demonstrou que S. purpurea e S. mombin, apresentaram em CL 50 1000 e 482,5 ?g/ mL, respectivamente. Os resultados são promissores e sugerem que os extratos de espécies do gênero Spondias possuem potencial como agentes moduladores de resistência bacteriana.(AU)

The marked bacterial resistance generates a need to develop new drugs and research on medicinal plants as sources of bioactive substances has been an indication for efficient discovery of therapeutic agents. Microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus are Gram positive coccus, which can cause suppuration, abscesses and various pyogenic infections in humans and animals. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the modulatory activity of extracts of medicinal plants of genus Spondias against Staphylococcus aureus resistant to erythromycin. The minimum inhibitory concentration and modulating activity of the plant extracts studied and erythromycin were evaluated by the microdilution method. The results showed that the association of erythromycin with Spondias purpurea showed synergistic effect on the strains SA04 and SA05. While Spondias mombin showed synergism on the ATCC, SA01, SA03 and SA05 strain. The bioassay with A. saline showed that S. purpurea and S. mombin presented a LC50 1000 and 482.5 mg/ mL, respectively. The results are promising and suggest that that the extracts species of the genus Spondias agents have potential as modulator agents of bacterial resistance.(AU)