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A Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) declarou em março de 2020 um estado de pandemia relacionada ao COVID-19. A partir desta declaração as autoridades sanitárias passaram a recomendar mudanças em hábitos para conter a disseminação deste agravo, dentre estes, o isolamento e distanciamento social. Neste sentido, medo, ansiedade e estresse como transtornos em saúde mental aumentaram de forma significativa em todo mundo. Sabe-se que uma das formas de combater ou ressignificar tais processos pode ser alcançada mediante o reconhecimento e prática da espiritualidade, enquanto parte importante da visão do ser integral. Tais práticas melhoram o enfrentamento, visto que proporcionam resiliência e transformação, permitindo aos envolvidos o aproveitamento destes desafios para crescer, aprender e transformar. Como estratégias para este processo, o indivíduo pode buscar apreciar a natureza e as pequenas coisas, realizar reflexões capazes de facilitar as construções ou reconstruções cognitivas, valorizar e praticar o apoio social e promover a compaixão, para enfim fomentar a resiliência. Neste sentido, dois anos após o início da pandemia da Covid-19 o debate de seu impacto permanece necessário, incluindo as relações com a saúde física, mental e espiritual.
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic state in March 2020 regarding to COVID-19. Since that declaration the health authorities began to recommend changes in habits to contain the spread of this disease, including isolation, and social distancing. In this sense, fear, anxiety, and stress as mental health problems have increased significantly worldwide. It is known that one of the ways to combat or resignify such processes can be achieved through the recognition and practice of spirituality, as an important part of the vision of the integral being. Such practices improve coping, since they provide resilience and transformation, allowing those involved to take advantage of these challenges for growth, learning and transformation. As strategies for this process, the individual can seek to appreciate nature and trivial things, perform reflections capable of facilitating cognitive constructions or reconstructions, valuing, and practicing social support, and promoting compassion are able to foster resilience. In this sense, more than two years after the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, the debate on its impact remains necessary, including relations with physical, mental, and spiritual health.
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BACKGROUND: According to current estimates, the number of people needing care will double in the next 40â¯years. It is expected that between 130,000 and 190,000 additional nurses will be needed by 2030 in Germany. Physical and psychological burdens associated with nursing in long-term care facilities can develop into serious health risk factors and significantly impact occupational factors such as absenteeism, especially when linked to difficult working conditions. However, demands and resources specific to the nursing profession have not been analyzed extensively to preserve and promote nurses' workability and health adequately. OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to examine the extent to which perceived health among geriatric nursing staff in Germany is predicted by personal resources, job demands, and job resources. In addition, we analyzed the impact of different behavior and experience patterns on these relationships. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: An observational study was conducted between August 2018 and February 2020 in 48 nursing home facilities with 854 staff members in Germany as part of the project 'PROCARE - Prevention and occupational health in long-term care'. METHODS: The survey contained instruments that measure workplace exposure, musculoskeletal complaints, physical and mental well-being, chronic stress, and work-related behavior and experience patterns. In addition, health-related information on physical activity and nutrition was collected. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The combined physical and mental workload for geriatric nurses is very high, with 75â¯% showing chronic stress. In the overall model, job and personal resources have a stronger association with mental health than physical health, while job demands have an equal impact on mental and physical health. Coping behavior also plays an important key role that should be assessed and considered. A behavior and experience risk pattern (health-endangering) is more strongly associated with a lower health status than a health-promoting behavior pattern. Results of the multigroup test showed that work-related behavior and experience patterns significantly moderate the relationship between physical health and mental health (χ2â¯=â¯392/pâ¯≤â¯.001/dfâ¯=â¯256/RMSEAâ¯=â¯0.028/CFIâ¯=â¯0.958/TLIâ¯=â¯0.931). Only 43â¯% show a health-friendly coping pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underline the importance of holistic health promotion, which not only aims at changes at the behavioral level and the development of coping strategies but also takes on the task of reducing the workload and including measures to improve the working climate. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: DRKS.de (DRKS00015241); August 9, 2018. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Healthier coping patterns can benefit geriatric nurses' health. However, this is not a substitute for improving working conditions.
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Agotamiento Profesional , Enfermería Geriátrica , Satisfacción en el Trabajo , Humanos , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Agotamiento Profesional/psicología , Casas de Salud , Estado de Salud , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Alemania , Cuidados a Largo Plazo , Carga de Trabajo , Salud LaboralRESUMEN
Marginalized older adults are highly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to social isolation and physical and functional limitations. Despite these stressors, they appear to be resilient by leveraging individual, community, and societal resources. This study conducted in-depth interviews with marginalized older adults to understand how COVID-19 affected their mobility and daily lives. We also identified different levels of protective factors affecting their resiliency to pandemic stressors. COVID-19 influenced not only the physical health but also the mental health of older adults. However, they overcame adversity by using technology to continue daily activities, exchanging informal support with family and neighbors, relying on formal support from community organizations, and keeping themselves physically active in their neighborhoods. Our findings suggest a holistic approach to enhance the resilience of older adults during an unprecedented event.
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COVID-19 , Anciano , Humanos , Salud Mental , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Aislamiento SocialRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Burn injury survivors usually experience multiple psychosocial problems, which occur commonly in low and middle-income countries. However, the previous literature provides limited information about the unique roles of coping strategies, social support, and mindfulness in improving the psychological well-being of burn survivors. Therefore, this study identified the role of coping strategies, social support, and mindfulness in improving the psychological well-being of burn survivors. METHODS: A descriptive correlational study on 224 burn survivors at a large government hospital in Amman, Jordan, was conducted. Participants completed questionnaires about socio-demographic and clinical data, anxiety and depression, social support, mindfulness, and coping. Standard multiple regression was performed to identify the unique role of the main study variables in improving the psychological well-being of burn survivors. RESULTS: Participants were found to have a severe level of psychological distress. Escape avoidance coping had the highest mean score among all other coping strategies, while acceptance of responsibility had the lowest mean score. Regression analysis showed that confrontive coping (ß = -0.224, p=p<0.01), social support (ß = -.212, p=p<0.01), and mindfulness (ß = -.403, p=p<0.01) were significantly associated with less psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, confrontive coping, social support, and mindfulness-based supportive interventions could be helpful in providing enhanced support to burn survivors.
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Quemaduras , Atención Plena , Adaptación Psicológica , Quemaduras/psicología , Quemaduras/terapia , Humanos , Apoyo Social , Sobrevivientes/psicologíaRESUMEN
Background: A mediation model was proposed to explain how religiosity, religious coping, and fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) explained anxiety and depression among older adults. Methods: With the use of a cross-sectional design, the Integrated Health System was used to randomly invite 1000 older adults residing in Qazvin to participate in an online survey. Within the period of November 2020 to January 2021, 696 older Iranian adults (mean age=69.56years; 57.9% women) agreed to participate in the study and reported demographic information as well as measures of religiosity, fear of COVID-19, religious coping, anxiety, and depression. Results: Religiosity had direct effects on depression (B [SE]=-0.087 [0.037]; P=0.023) but not anxiety (B [SE]=-0.063 [0.036]; P=0.072). Moreover, both fear of COVID-19 and religious coping significantly mediated the association between religiosity and anxiety (B [SE]=-0.360[0.035]; p=0.002) and that between religiosity and depression (B [SE]=-0.365 [0.034];P=0.002). Conclusion: During the tough time of COVID-19 pandemic, religiosity and religious coping were protectors for older adults in developing good mental. Therefore, future research is needed to examine education programs that are effective for older adults to obtain correct knowledge concerning COVID-19, including the protective COVID-19 infection behaviors. Therefore, older adults may reduce their fear via their enhanced correct knowledge concerning COVID-19.
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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate pain self-efficacy (PSE) and coping self-efficacy (CSE) for people with chronic low back pain (CLBP), and to assess whether lower income may be associated with less PSE and CSE in the United States. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using survey data collected between June 2016 and February 2017 from nâ¯=â¯1364 patients with CLBP from chiropractic clinics in the United States to measure the relationship between income and both types of self-efficacy. We created 4 multivariate models predicting PSE and CSE scores. We used both a parsimonious set of covariates (age, sex) and a full set (age, sex, education, neck pain comorbidity, catastrophizing, and insurance). We also calculated effect sizes (Cohen's d) for unadjusted differences in PSE and CSE score by income. RESULTS: Lower income was associated with lower PSE and CSE scores across all 4 models. In the full models, the highest-income group had an average of 1 point (1-10 scale) higher PSE score and CSE score compared to the lowest income group. Effect sizes for the unadjusted differences in PSE and CSE scores between the highest and lowest income groups were 0.94 and 0.84, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that people with lower income perceive themselves as less able to manage their pain, and that this relationship exists even after taking into account factors like health insurance and educational attainment. There is a need to further investigate how practitioners and policymakers can best support low-income patients with chronic pain.
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Dolor Crónico , Dolor de la Región Lumbar , Adaptación Psicológica , Dolor Crónico/terapia , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/terapia , AutoeficaciaRESUMEN
Purpose: The study used a cross-sectional descriptive design to explore the prevalence and correlates of religious/spiritual (R/S) coping and struggle in young adults (YAs) during the first 2 months of cancer treatment. Methods: Self-report measures of R/S coping, R/S struggle, depression, quality of life (QoL), intensity of treatment experience, and spiritual/religious identification and practices were obtained using REDCap Survey. Self-report of selected demographic characteristics (age, ethnicity, race, gender, education, occupational status, marital status, parental status, and cancer diagnosis) was also obtained. Results: The prevalence of positive R/S coping was high and higher compared with negative R/S coping. Female gender was associated with more R/S struggle, lower QoL, and higher depression. The Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale and both the negative and positive R/S coping scale of the Brief RCOPE were significantly positively correlated, despite focusing on differing types of spiritual struggle/distress. Conclusions: Both positive R/S coping and R/S struggle occur in YAs during the first 2 months of cancer treatment. Further research to elucidate the experiences of YAs with cancer, and interventions to promote effective coping, will promote holistic cancer care for this population.
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Neoplasias , Calidad de Vida , Adaptación Psicológica , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias/terapia , Espiritualidad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Quality of life (QoL) and psychosocial well-being are substantially impaired in patients with Cushing's disease (CD), not only at the acute illness stage but also after therapy; however, the reason for these impairments remains unclear. METHODS: In this cross-sectional, patient-reported outcome study, we conducted a postal survey on psychosocial impairment and coping strategies in patients after surgical treatment of CD in three large tertiary referral centers. In total, 176 patients with CD completed a compilation of self-assessment inventories pertaining to depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), QoL (Short Form SF-36, Tuebingen CD; Tuebingen CD-25), coping style (Freiburg questionnaire on coping with illness, FKV-LIS), and embitterment (Bern Embitterment Inventory), on average 6.8 ± 6.66 years after surgery. Regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of psychosocial impairment. RESULTS: At the time of the study, 21.8 % of patients suffered from anxiety, 18.7 % experienced an above-average feeling of embitterment, and 13.1 % suffered from depression. Maladaptive coping styles (FKV-LIS subscales depressive coping and minimizing importance) emerged as robust and strong predictors of psychosocial impairment in all inventories; while age, sex, and hydrocortisone intake failed to explain the variance in these measures. CONCLUSION: Similar to several studies in non-pituitary patient cohorts (e.g., patients with multiple sclerosis or lower back pain), our results indicate that psychosocial impairment in CD is significantly influenced by how the patient deals with the illness. Therefore, psychological training of positive coping styles could be a helpful complementary therapy in the overall treatment strategy of CD.
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Hipersecreción de la Hormona Adrenocorticotrópica Pituitaria (HACT)/psicología , Adaptación Psicológica , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hipersecreción de la Hormona Adrenocorticotrópica Pituitaria (HACT)/cirugía , Psicometría , Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
O câncer é uma doença que acomete de forma crescente a população mundial, o que logicamente aumenta a demanda por serviços de saúde, dentre eles, os serviços de apoio psicológico. A partir disso, foi criado o projeto de extensão em psico-oncologia, vinculado a um curso de psicologia de uma universidade pública, localizada em Goiás. O projeto, ancorado na perspectiva construcionista social, objetiva a capacitação de discentes para o trabalho na área da psico-oncologia, visando a: uma assistência comprometida com o cuidado integral; ao empoderamento dos participantes, assim como à construção de saúde mesmo em meio à enfermidade. A demanda é encaminhada para o serviço escola de psicologia da universidade pública, por duas organizações municipais, que auxiliam os usuários no deslocamento e estadia nos municípios de realização dos acompanhamentos e tratamentos para o câncer. Parte dos atendimentos é feita na clínica escola, e os doentes mais debilitados são atendidos em suas próprias residências. Os atendimentos psicológicos são realizados nas modalidades individual e grupal. Os registros, produzidos a partir de cada atendimento realizado, mostram que os participantes têm construído possibilidades mais positivas de vivência da enfermidade, com diminuição do medo do câncer; sentidos de vida; possibilidades de participação no autocuidado; reafirmação da superação e fortalecimento de laços afetivos. Além desses resultados, o projeto também tem contribuído para a formação de futuros profissionais de saúde comprometidos com a humanização da assistência.
Cancer is a disease that affects increasingly affects the world's population, which logically increases the demand for health services, including the psychological support services. From this, the outreach Psycho-Oncology project was created, linked to a Psychology course at a public university located in Goiás. The project, anchored in the social constructionist perspective, aims to train students to work in the area of Psycho-Oncology order: a committed assistance with comprehensive care and the empowerment of participants as well as the health of construction even in the midst of illness. The demand is forwarded to the clinic school of the public university by two local organizations that assist users in travel and stay in the cities of achieving the accompaniments and treatments for cancer. Part of care is given at clinic school, and more debilitated patients are cared for in their homes. Psychological services are offered in individual and group modalities. The data from each performed service show that participants have built more positive possibilities for the disease experience with decreased fear of cancer, life senses, participation opportunities in self-care, reaffirmation of overcoming and strengthening emotional ties. In addition to these results, the project has also contributed to the training of future health professionals committed to the humanization of care.
El cáncer es una enfermedad que afecta cada vez más a la población mundial, lo que aumenta, lógicamente, la demanda de servicios de salud, entre ellos los servicios de apoyo psicológico. A partir de esto, el proyecto de extensión en Psico-Oncologia fue creado, vinculado un curso de Psicología em una universidad pública ubicada en Goiás. El proyecto, anclado en la perspectiva del construccionismo social, tiene como objetivo la formación de estudiantes para trabajar en el área de Psicooncología, buscando: una asistencia comprometida con la atención integral; el empoderamiento de los participantes, así como la construcción de la salud, incluso en medio a la enfermedad. La demanda se envía al clínica escuela la universidad por dos organizaciones locales, que ayudan a los usuarios en el viaje y en la estancia en los municipios de realización de los acompañamientos y tratamientos parael cáncer. Parte de la atención se hace en el clínica escuela, y los pacientes más debilitados son atendidos en sus propias casas. Los atendimientos psicológicos son ofrecidos en las modalidades individuales y de grupo. Los registros producidos a partir de cada servicio realizado muestran que los participantes han creado posibilidades más positivas de vivencia de la enfermedad, con una disminución del miedo al cáncer; sentidos de la vida; oportunidades de participación en el autocuidado; reafirmación de lasuperación y fortalecimiento de los lazos emocionales. Además de estos resultados, el proyecto también ha contribuido a la formación de futuros profesionales de la salud comprometidos con la humanización de la atención.
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Humanos , Oncología Médica , Psicología Médica , Psicología , Servicios de ContestadoraRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Chronic noncancer pain influences patient's quality of life and their ability to cope. Pain relieving medication and other specific treatments commonly integrated in biopsychosocial rehabilitation demonstrate modest benefits in pain relief and improved functioning of individuals. Spiritual care, covering the fourth dimension provides insight, inspires hope and purpose, and is thought to mediate mental and physical health for patients. This study explores the need for its inclusion in interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation and describes the requirements and test environment for evaluation. METHODS: Outcomes of spiritual care and interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation in follow-up studies of randomized controlled trials contained in systematic reviews were summarized. Pubmed, Cochrane, and PsycINFO were searched, citation tracking was applied, articles of follow-up studies therein were located. Literature was searched for insights pertaining to requirements for an assessment of including this fourth dimension. RESULTS: No systematic reviews for spiritual care were identified. Five systematic reviews of biopsychosocial rehabilitation containing 14 studies describing long-term outcomes were retrieved. The importance of coping in maintaining long-term outcomes was empirically illustrated. The required test environment is provided by a structured multidimensional care pathway separating spirituality from well-being and mental health, with measures of treatment outcome installed enabling a comparison with benchmarks. CONCLUSIONS: Active coping seems beneficial for maintaining positive long-term outcomes of interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation Spiritual care may be conducive to active coping. Further research is warranted to explore the additive value of this spiritual care in the context of a multidimensional care pathway.
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Dolor Crónico/terapia , Manejo del Dolor/tendencias , Grupo de Atención al Paciente/tendencias , Terapias Espirituales/tendencias , Terapias en Investigación/tendencias , Adaptación Psicológica , Dolor Crónico/diagnóstico , Humanos , Manejo del Dolor/métodos , Calidad de Vida , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto/métodos , Terapias Espirituales/métodos , Terapias en Investigación/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A nursing practicum course is critical to strengthening the nursing competence of nursing students. Research has found that practice stress and coping behaviors can have either a negative or positive influence on the learning and practice performance of nursing students. Nevertheless, there are few evidence-based studies related to the relationship between self-reflection and insight and nursing competence in Taiwanese nursing students. OBJECTIVE: To test the determinants and the effect of self-reflection and insight on nursing competence in nursing students during the first 2 months of their practice experience. DESIGN: Cross-sectional and correlational research designs were employed. METHODS: From September to November 2013, a total of 312 nursing students at a junior college in southern Taiwan served as participants in this study. Four questionnaires were used to collect data: Self-reflection and Insight Scale (SRIS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Coping Behavior Inventory (CBI), and Holistic Nursing Competence Scale (HNCS). The research model was evaluated through structural equation modeling (SEM), with the use of the partial least squares (PLS) method. RESULTS: Results indicated that self-reflection and insight, practice stress, and practice coping behavior were statistically significantly associated with nursing competence. In addition, self-reflection and insight were significantly and positively associated with practice coping behavior and negatively associated with practice stress. Students' coping behavior partially mediates the effect of self-reflection and stress on nursing competence. Overall, these variables explained 39.4% of the variance in these students' nursing competence. CONCLUSION: Self-reflection and insight affected nursing competence during the practice period. These variables have not only had a direct influence on nursing competence but also an indirect effect through the mediating effect of coping behavior and stress.
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Competencia Clínica , Psicometría , Autoimagen , Estudiantes de Enfermería/psicología , Adaptación Psicológica , Adolescente , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Estrés Psicológico , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Taiwán , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand the degree of pain belief in musculoskeletal patients, and to identify the correlation with chronic pain, pain coping and pain disability. METHODS: A total of 203 inpatients or outpatients with chronic pain in orthopedics agreed voluntarily to participate in this study and answer a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 17.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and simple linear regression. RESULTS: The degree of pain belief in this study showed statistically significant differences depending on their age, education, job, health status, and pain duration. Among the variables correlating with pain belief in this study, there were positive correlations between pain and pain disability, pain and passive coping, pain belief and passive coping, pain belief and pain, pain belief and pain disability. The strongest correlation was passive coping and pain disability. CONCLUSION: From the results of this study, we concluded that it is necessary to develop the nursing intervention which can help reducing negative pain belief in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Also we need to enhance the ways of coping to active or chronic pains for controlling them effectively.
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Humanos , Adaptación Psicológica , Dolor Crónico , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Curación por la Fe , Pacientes Internos , Dolor Musculoesquelético , Ortopedia , Pacientes Ambulatorios , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore predictors of successful aging in older Korean women based on a recent mid-range nursing theory, the Successful Aging Theory (SAT). METHODS: This study utilized a descriptive correlational design. The convenience sample was composed of 174 older women living in the community. Successful aging was measured using the Successful Aging Inventory (SAI). Transcendence was measured using the Self-transcendence Scale (STS). Adaptation was measured using the Coping behavior scale. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify significant predictors of successful aging. RESULTS: Transcendence, adaptation, and religion were shown to be predictive of successful aging. This regression model explained 56% of the variance in successful aging. The factor with the highest influence was transcendence which explained 52% of the variance. CONCLUSION: Gerotranscendence-promoting interventions can be an important consideration in caring for older Korean women. Adaptation and spirituality should be included in a holistic aging care.
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore predictors of successful aging in older Korean women based on a recent mid-range nursing theory, the Successful Aging Theory (SAT). METHODS: This study utilized a descriptive correlational design. The convenience sample was composed of 174 older women living in the community. Successful aging was measured using the Successful Aging Inventory (SAI). Transcendence was measured using the Self-transcendence Scale (STS). Adaptation was measured using the Coping behavior scale. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify significant predictors of successful aging. RESULTS: Transcendence, adaptation, and religion were shown to be predictive of successful aging. This regression model explained 56% of the variance in successful aging. The factor with the highest influence was transcendence which explained 52% of the variance. CONCLUSION: Gerotranscendence-promoting interventions can be an important consideration in caring for older Korean women. Adaptation and spirituality should be included in a holistic aging care.