Repair of bone defect by nano-modified white mineral trioxide aggregates in rabbit: A histopathological study

BACKGROUND: Many researchers have tried to enhance materials functions in different aspects of science using nano-modification method, and in many cases the results have been encouraging. To evaluate the histopathological responses of the micro-/nano-size cement-type biomaterials derived from calcium silicate-based composition with addition of nano tricalcium aluminate (3CaO.Al2 O3 ) on bone healing response. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety mature male rabbits were anesthetized and a bone defect was created in the right mandible. The rabbits were divided into three groups, which were in turn subdivided into five subgroups with six animals each based on the defect filled by: white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA), Nano-WMTA, WMTA without 3CaO.Al2 O3 , Nano-WMTA with 2% Nano-3CaO.Al2 O3 , and empty as control. Twenty, forty and sixty days postoperatively the animals were sacrificed and the right mandibles were removed for histopathological evaluations. Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc comparisons based on the LSMeans procedure was used for data analysis. RESULTS: All the experimental materials provoked a moderate to severe inflammatory reaction, which significantly differed from the control group (p< 0.05). Statistical analysis of bone formation and bone regeneration data showed significant differences between groups at 40- and 60- day intervals in all groups. Absence of 3CaO.Al2 O3 leads to more inflammation and foreign body reaction than other groups in all time intervals. CONCLUSIONS: Both powder nano-modification and addition of 2% Nano-3CaO.Al2 O3 to calcium silicate-based cement enhanced the favorable tissue response and osteogenesis properties of WMTA based materials

Valor nutritivo da cana-de-açúcar adicionada com óxido de cálcio para novilhas Holandês x Zebu / Nutritive value of sugarcane added with calcium oxide in Holstein-Zebu heifers

Foram avaliados os consumos e as digestibilidades aparentes da matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica, proteína bruta e os consumos da matéria seca digestível e dos nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), em 18 novilhas Holandês x Zebu, distribuídas em blocos ao acaso, alimentadas com cana-de-açúcar acrescida ou não a 1 por cento de óxido de cálcio - na matéria natural - após 24 horas de hidrólise, com diferentes tempos de administração da mistura de ureia e sulfato de amônio - zero e 24 horas antes do fornecimento aos animais. As diferenças entre as médias foram avaliadas por contrastes ortogonais, a 1 por cento de significância. Houve efeito negativo (P<0,01) da adição do óxido de cálcio no consumo de NDT, na digestibilidade aparente da matéria orgânica e na eficiência da utilização do nitrogênio. A administração de ureia no momento da hidrólise causou diminuição no consumo e na digestibilidade aparente da PB. Não houve benefício tanto da inclusão de óxido de cálcio quanto da adição de ureia 24 horas antes do fornecimento aos animais.

We evaluated the intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and intakes of digestible dry matter and total digestible nutrients (TDN) in 18 Holstein-Zebu heifers divided into blocks, fed with diets of sugarcane treated or not with 1 percent in the natural matter of calcium oxide (CaO), after 24 hours of hydrolysis, at different times of administration of the mixture of urea and ammonium sulfate (zero and 24 hours). Differences between means were evaluated by orthogonal contrasts at 1 percent significance. There was a negative effect (P<0.01) to the addition of calcium oxide in TDN intake, apparent digestibility of organic matter and the efficiency of nitrogen utilization. The administration of a mixture of urea and ammonium sulfate at the time of hydrolysis caused a decrease in consumption and apparent digestibility of crude protein. There was no benefit in the inclusion of calcium oxide nor the addition of urea 24 hours before the animal feeding.