[Metabolomics of interventional effects of Coptidis Rhizoma and its processed products on oral ulcer due to excess heat in rats].

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) was employed to examine the impact of Coptidis Rhizoma(CR) and its processed products on the metabolism in the rat model of oral ulcer due to excess heat and to compare the effectiveness of CR and its three products. Male SD rats were randomly allocated to the sham-operation(Sham), model(M, oral ulcer due to excess heat), CR, wine/Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens/Euodiae Fructus processed CR(wCR/zCR/eCR), and Huanglian Shangqing Tablets(HST) groups. Except the Sham group, the other groups were administrated with Codonopsis Radix-Astragali Radix decoction by gavage for two consecutive weeks. The anal temperature and water consumption of rats were monitored throughout the modeling period of excess heat. Following the completion of the modeling, oral ulcer was modeled with acetic acid. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was employed to observe the mucosal pathological changes in oral ulcer. A colorimetric assay was employed to determine the serum level of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was conducted to determine the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-1ß(IL-1ß), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and malondialdehyde(MDA) in the serum. The non-targeted metabolomics analysis based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS was conducted on the serum samples. Metabolic profiles were then built, and the potential biomarkers were screened by principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA). The Mev software was used to establish a heat map and conduct cluster analysis on the quantitative results of the markers. The online databases including MBRole, KEGG, and MetaboAnalyst were used for pathway enrichment analysis and metabolic network building. The experimental results showed that the modeling led to pathological damage to the oral mucosa, elevated serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß, and MDA, and lowered levels of SOD and GSH-Px in rats. The drug administration recovered all the indices to varying extents, and wCR exhibited the best performance. Non-targeted metabolomics identified 48 differential metabolites including 27 metabolites in the positive ion mode and 21 metabolites in the negative ion mode. Five enriched pathways were common, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism. Conclusively, CR and its three processed products could alleviate the inflammation and oxidative stress injury in rats suffering from oral ulcers due to excess heat by regulating lipid and amino acid metabolism. Notably, wCR demonstrated the most significant therapeutic effect.

Efficacy and safety of the compound Chinese herb medicine mouthwash on oral ulcer model in rats.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a mouthwash containing a novel compound Chinese herbal medicine (artemisia capillaris, chrysanthemum, honeysuckle, angelica dahurica and asarum sieboldii) on oral ulcers and analyze sub chronic oral toxicity in rats. For efficacy study, mouthwash was administered on the ulcer area twice daily. Compared with the control group, healing time in the test group was shorter and the ulcer area was smaller. Histological analysis showed less inflammatory cell infiltration in the test group. For sub chronic oral toxicity, mouthwash was administered by oral gavage for 93 consecutive days. There were no significant differences in body weight, food consumption or organ coefficients between the test and control groups. Some parameters of haematology and serum chemistry were statistically different but within normal physiological ranges. No obvious abnormalities were found in the necropsies and histopathological observations. In conclusion, the compound Chinese herbal medicine mouthwash promoted oral ulcer healing in rats with no obvious sub chronic toxicity, providing a potential alternative therapeutic strategy for oral ulcers.

Preparation of capsaicin-loaded ultrafine fiber film and its application in the treatment of oral ulcers in rats.

A drug-loaded diaphragm is an easy-to-use and effective drug delivery system that is often used to treat mouth ulcers. In this study, an ultrafine fiber film loaded with capsaicin was successfully prepared using the electrospinning technology. poly-L-lactic acid and gelatin were selected as the matrix materials to form the composite fiber, and trifluoroethanol was used as a co-solvent for poly-L-lactic acid, gelatin and capsaicin to prepare the spinning solution, which was simple to fabricate. The prepared fiber films were characterized based on their microscopic morphology and tested to derive their mechanical properties. Thereafter, the capsaicin release behavior of the film was investigated. In vitro experiments revealed certain anti-inflammatory and antibacterial abilities while animal experiments revealed that the capsaicin-loaded ultrafine fiber film could promote the healing of oral ulcers in rats. Healing of the tongue tissue in rats administered 10% capsaicin-loaded fiber film was found to be better than that in rats administered the commercial dexamethasone patch. Overall, this development strategy may prove to be promising for the development of oral ulcer patch formulations.

Effects of Aloe Vera in the Treatment of Oral Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.

PURPOSE: To analyse the effects of aloe vera on the treatment of oral ulcers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relevant studies were identified from PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, SinoMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving aloe vera (AV) in the treatment of oral ulcers were included. The data were extracted and pooled for meta-analysis to compare the clinical outcomes of patients with oral ulcers in terms of treatment effect, the size of ulcers, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, and therapy duration. The standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined for the main outcomes, heterogeneity was analysed using the I2 test, and the studies' risk of bias was evaluating using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. RESULTS: The study included 9 trials with a total of 847 participants. Seven trials were included in the meta-analysis. The results indicated no statistically significant differences in pain scores as assessed by the VAS (I2 = 95%, p = 0.89; SMD: -0.12, 95% CI: -1.84, 1.60) and size of ulcers (I2 = 88%, p = 0.60; SMD: -0.29, 95% CI: -1.39, 0.81). Clinical efficacy of the aloe vera group was better compared to control group (I2 = 89%, p = 0.007; RR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.25, 4.06). Therapy duration was statistically significantly lower following AV gel application in two of the studies (I2 = 0%, p < 0.001; SMD: -1.32, 95% CI: -1.84, -0.79). Considering the results in a systematic manner, AV accelerated tissue epithelialisation and the wound-healing process. CONCLUSION: Compared with other interventions, aloe vera has a better therapeutic effect and shorter healing time. It is comparable with other interventions in relieving pain and reducing ulcer size, but it has higher safety and almost no side effects.

Study on the inhibition of inflammation by the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway and the promotion of wound healing of oral ulcer of Yangyin Shengji powder after chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the treatment effect and mechanism of Yangyin Shengji powder in oral ulcer after chemotherapy. METHODS: The experiments were externally administered. The threshold of pain reflex (Tr) was measured 30, 60, and 120 min after the last relative substances administration to the plantar and abdomen of mice by intelligent hot plate instrument. The toe swelling degree of mice was calculated 1, 3, and 5 h after inflammation. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relative expression levels of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Two hours after the last spraying treatment, the ulcer area of mice was measured. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were detected by ELISA. The degree of oral mucosal injury was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. RESULTS: Compared with positive control group, the Tr value of Yangyin Shengji powder group was lower at 30 and 60 min, and the Tr value was higher at 120 min. Yangyin Shengji powder decreased the swelling degree of toes 1, 3, and 5 h after inflammation, and the SOD and GSH-Px levels in the swelling tissue of toes were significantly increased. The MDA, PGE2, COX-1 and COX-2 levels were significantly decreased. The oral mucosa structure of mice in the Yangyin Shengji powder group was relatively intact and a few inflammatory cells were infiltrated. Compared with normal group, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the model group were increased, while the levels of EGF and EGFR were decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, ulcer area, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were decreased in the Yangyin Shengji powder group, while EGF and EGFR levels were increased (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Yangyin Shengji powder has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, is anti-oxidative stress, inhibits inflammatory response, and inhibits the COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway, so as to alleviate local inflammation of oral ulcer in mice after chemotherapy and promote wound healing.

HPLC/MSn Profiling and Healing Activity of a Muco-Adhesive Formula of Salvadora persica against Acetic Acid-Induced Oral Ulcer in Rats.

Salvadora persica L. (S. persica, Siwak) is an ethnic plant that is widely used for improving oral hygiene. This study aimed to provide a phytochemical profiling of S. persica ethyl acetate fraction (SPEAF) and to evaluate the healing activity of a muco-adhesive formula of the fraction against acetic acid-induced oral ulcers in rats. HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS-MS analysis of SPEAF resulted in the tentative identification of 56 metabolites containing fatty acids (23%), urea derivatives (10.5%) and sulphur compounds (10%), in addition to several amides, polyphenols and organic acids (6.5%, 5% and 2%, respectively). For the first time, 19 compounds were identified from S. persica. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that the extract is non-toxic. SPEAF exhibited superior healing activities compared to both the negative and positive control groups on days 7 and 14 of tongue ulcer induction. This was confirmed by histopathological examinations of haematoxylin and eosin-stained (H&E) and Masson's trichrome-stained tongue sections. Moreover, SPEAF showed potent anti-inflammatory activities, as evidenced by the inhibited expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis alpha (TNF-α). Moreover, SPEAF exhibited potent antioxidant activity, as it prevented malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion and superoxide dismutase (SOD) exhaustion. SPEAF significantly enhanced hydroxyproline tongue content and upregulated collagen type I alpha 1 (Col1A1) mRNA expression. SPEAF also improved angiogenesis, as shown by the increased mRNA expression of the angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1). In conclusion, S. persica has a wide range of secondary metabolites and ameliorates acetic acid-induced tongue ulcers in rats. This can be attributed, at least partly, to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, procollagen and angiogenic activities. These findings provide support and validity for the use of S. persica as a traditional and conventional treatment for oral disorders.

Chewable Tablets of Acacia catechu Extract, an Alternative to Betel (Paan) for Mouth Ulcers: Formulation and In vitro Evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the current research work was to prepare chewable tablets having Acacia catechu extract useful for mouth ulcers using a 32 factorial design. METHODS: Acacia catechu heartwood extract was prepared using a reported method with some modifications. The extract was characterized using TLC against the catechin marker. Then, drug-excipient interaction studies were carried out. The mixture of drug and excipients was evaluated for pre-compression parameters. With the application of 32 factorial design, chewable tablets were prepared using direct compression technique. Prepared tablets were evaluated for post-compression parameters. RESULTS: In vitro drug release study of the developed formulations was investigated both in intact and crushed form of tablets. Based on the in vitro performance, the best formulations were selected (F6, F7 & F8 from intact and F1, F5 & F9 from the crushed group) and subjected to various kinetic models and evaluated for Chewing Difficulty Index (CDI). CONCLUSION: The overall results revealed that the formulated chewable tablets complied with the standards and exhibited the satisfactory performance in terms of drug release, chewing difficulty index and other related parameters.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and TNF-α inhibition (upon RAW 264.7 cell line) followed by the selection of extract (leaf and stem) with respect to potency to introduce anti-oral-ulcer model obtained from Olax psittacorum (Lam.) Vahl in addition to GC-MS illustration.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Olax psittacorum (Lam.) Vahl., belongs to family olacaceae claimed as an "Issan folk medicine" portray the ethnomedicinal value like curative property of infection in the urinary tract, analgesic, antipyretic, skin-ulcer, antianemic (bark) as well as food additives (leaves). Research articles have proven the presence of anti-swelling property, laxative action, and antiviral activity against poliovirus moreover, the antioxidant property too. AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: Evaluation of antiulcer property (induced within the oral mucosa) of the extract selected amongst two extracts based upon better property towards the ability of anti-inflammatory and analgesia through the in-vivo model as well as the inhibitory property of TNF-α (cell line RAW264.7). To justify the presence of activity extracts were introduced for GC-MS investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Methanolic extracts (leaf; LME and stem; SME) were collected through maceration and introduced to carrageenan-induced paw edema to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity and formalin-induced as well as tail-flick in-vivo models to evaluate the analgesic property. Anti-oral ulcer property was analyzed through the acetic-acid induced in-vivo model. The cytotoxicity was performed on mouse macrophages and fibroblast cells to find a toxic concentration of test substances and to evaluate their modulatory effect of TNF-α inhibition property against LPS induced toxicity. RESULTS: As compared to diclofenac (100 mg/kg) only LME and SME 200 mg/kg dose group have insignificant (P < 0.05) difference and P-values are 0.99 and 0.88 respectively. From the overall outcome, it can be concluded that compared to the diclofenac (100 mg/kg) group from 4th hours onwards LME (200 mg/kg) group was able to sustain the inflammation so similar. According to statistical consideration, LME (200 mg/kg) dose has also shown better results in formalin-induced analgesia as well as tail-flick. Cytotoxicity (CTC50) concentrations of LME and SME are 419.60 ± 4.09 and 230.21 ± 0.79 µg/ml respectively on RAW264.7 cell line. According to CTC50 the highest concentration of LME and SME is 400 and 200 µg/ml respectively has chosen to evaluate percentage inhibition of TNF-α as compared to diclofenac sodium (25 µg/ml). 50% inhibition was achieved by LME as well as diclofenac i.e. 51.2 ± 2.6% and 50.3 ± 0.8% instead of SME i.e. 45.2 ± 1.7%. As compared to the negative group on DAY-4, LME 200 mg/kg/bw dose shown proper growth of epithelial or mucosal layer which reveals proper healing of the surface of the tongue with no sign of injury. GC-MS results also reveal that, LME and SME both have Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl; Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester which are responsible for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity but besides, LME has more 4 compounds responsible for activities these are methyl salicylate; phytol; ß-Sitosterol; 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid,2,3-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]propyl ester, (Z, Z, Z). CONCLUSION: The overall outcomes of the study encapsulate that LME extract with a dose of 200 mg/kg/bw will be a good choice to overcome the above-cited ailments. Further studies upon this plant are needed to establish its importance in the human society through quantitative isolation of the metabolites and their pharmacokinetic as well as pharmacodynamic evaluation to establish the proper pathway of action.

Discovery of the possible mechanisms in kouyanqing granule for treatment of oral ulcers based on network pharmacology.

BACKGROUND: Oral ulcer diseases are complex inflammatory diseases caused by multi-factors, which severely impact patient quality of life. Kouyanqing Granule (KYQG) has been used to treat inflammatory diseases of the mouth and throat, including recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), traumatic ulcers, oral leukoplakia and so on. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of KYQG in treating these diseases are still unclear. We aimed to explore the possible mechanisms in KYQG for the treatment of oral ulcers. METHODS: An innovative network pharmacology method was established by incorporating targets searching and fishing, network analysis, and silico validation to discover the pharmacological mechanisms of action of KYQG for the treatment of oral ulcers. Then, we verified the reliability of this method by an animal experiment. RESULTS: Our data indicated that a total of 47 key targets were screened, which mainly involved in three function modules including the inhibition of inflammation, the regulation of immunological response, and the suppression of oxidative stress. The implementation of these functions relies on the complex multi-pathways network, especially TNF signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway. The results of the experimental verification indicated that KYQG significantly inhibited the serum levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in rats with oral ulcer. CONCLUSION: KYQG exhibited the therapeutic effects on oral ulcers probably by inhibiting inflammation, regulating immunological response, and suppressing oxidative stress through a complex multi-pathways network. Particularly, TNF signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway may play crucial roles in the protection of KYQG against oral ulcers. This work not only offers a method for understanding the functional mechanisms of KYQG for treating oral ulcer diseases from a multi-scale perspective but also may provide an efficient way for research and development of complex composition formula.

Efficacy of An Aqueous Morinda citrifolia Fruit Extract-Phytosome Gel in Treating Oral Inflammatory Ulcer in Rabbit Model.

BACKGROUND: Oral inflammatory ulcers are one of the common complaints of patients attending out-patient clinics. Previous in vivo studies had shown that an Aqueous M. citrifolia Fruit Extract (AMFE) possessed anti-inflammatory and ulcer healing activities. Therefore, a standardized topical bioadhesive gel containing AMFE-phytosome was developed and determined for its oral ulcer healing efficacy in a rabbit model. METHODS: The AMFE phytosome (AMFE-P) was prepared by a complexation method with the required amount of AMFE: Phosphatidylcholine: Tween 80 to weigh ratio of 2:1:0.2. Poloxamer 407 was used as a gelling agent. The oral ulcer was induced in male New Zealand white rabbits by topical application of acetic acid. Each test compound was applied to the ulcer for 10 days beginning on the second day after the ulcer induction. Complete ulcer healing on the specimen obtained on day 12 was observed histologically using the histological scoring protocol. RESULTS: The optimized gel containing AMFE-P equivalent to AMFE 10%w/w (10%AMFE-P gel) showed the best bioadhesive gel quality, a smooth and homogeneous texture with an optimum viscosity and pH range used in human oral cavity, a good physical and chemical stability and the highest percentage cumulative release of total phenolic and scopoletin content. It was found that a daily application of 10% AMFE-P gel exerted a superior ulcer healing efficacy and a significantly rapid ulcer healing process than a twice daily application of topical gel containing AMFE 10%w/w or chlorhexidine 0.2%. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated that 10% AMFE-P gel has potential as a safe and effective alternative therapeutic agent for oral ulcers.

Possible healing effects of Salvadora persica extract (MISWAK) and laser therapy in a rabbit model of a caustic-induced tongue ulcers: histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical study.

Caustic ingestion is a potentially detrimental event that can cause serious devastating damage on contact with tissues. Local exposure is associated with severe pain, swelling and ulceration. Caustics-induced oral ulcers can be painful enough to compromise the patient's quality of life. Treatment of oral ulcers is crucial in clinical practice. Albeit, some ulcers do not respond adequately to the conventional treatment. The current study was conducted to evaluate the potential healing effects of topical Salvadora persica (SP) extract, low-level laser (LLL) and high-level laser (HLL) therapies in a rabbit model of caustic-induced tongue ulcers and explore the underlying mechanisms. Fifty male rabbits with a caustic induced tongue ulcers were included in the study. Rabbits were equally divided into four groups: positive control (ulcer) group, SP, LLL and HLL groups in addition to the negative control (healthy) group. All treatments were given thrice weekly for 14 days. Results showed that acetic acid-induced tongue ulcers caused extensive structural tongue damage secondary to overexpression of apoptotic BAX, pathological angiogenesis indicated by VEGF overexpression, marked collagen fibers deposition as well as upregulation of tissue pro-inflammatory TNF-α and upregulation of tissue anti-inflammatory IL-10. The healing potential of topical SP, LLL and HLL therapy are mostly comparable. In conclusion, acetic acid-induced extensive tongue damage. Topical SP extract, LLL and HLL are equally effective therapies against caustics-induced tongue ulcers. However, we recommend SP extract, owing to its safety, non-invasiveness, availability and low cost.

Formulation of a Jasmine Grandiflorum containing mucoadhesive and evaluation of its healing effect on oral biopsy ulcers.

OBJECTIVES: The present research aimed to explore the effect of a mucoadhesive containing Jasminum grandiflorum leaves on the process of oral wound healing in animal samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present double-blinded research was conducted on animals. To this aim, 28 rats were randomly selected and assigned to groups of control and experiment. The lesion was created by punch no. 3 in the midline of the mandibular labial mucosa of all mice. Each group received either a medicine or a placebo exclusively coded. The extent of contraction and wound healing was clinically assessed. To compare the two research groups, chi-squared test, repeated-measure ANOVA, and Mann-Whitney U test were run. SPSS software was used to do the statistical analyses. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found between the percentage of wound contraction on the 3rd day (40.91% vs. 16.5%, p = 0.04) and the 7th day (92.9% vs. 69.2%, p = 0.05), wound recovery (57.1% vs. 21.4%, p = 0.05) and degree of inflammation on the 7th day (p = 0.00), type (p = 0.04) and thickness of epithelium (p = 0.00) and type of connective tissue (p = 0.00) on the 14th day. CONCLUSION: Investigations showed that the drug was more effective than the placebo in accelerating wound healing in clinical and histopathological terms. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Accelerating wound healing in dental treatments and oral ulcers can also affect the quality of life of individuals.

3D printed mold-based capsaicin candy for the treatment of oral ulcer.

Oral ulcer is one common mucosal disease with high prevalence. Here, capsaicin candies were prepared based on the stereolithographically (SLA) 3D printed molds. The molds can be freely designed depending on the needs of patients, involving symmetric shapes (e.g., round, four-lead clover and cube), asymmetric shapes (e.g., car) and various color (e.g., blue, red and yellow). A two-part-combined mold was filled with the xylitol-based material and separated to obtain hard candies. Capsaicin was amorphous in the candies according to the differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Poloxamer 188 improved the release of capsaicin from the candies. Rat oral ulcer models were established on the tongue with phenol liquids. The blank candy, 0.05% capsaicin candy and dexamethasone were respectively administered on the ulcer once daily. On Day 7, a healing rate of 97.8% was achieved by the capsaicin candy, much higher than those in the other groups. Moreover, the blank candy also showed the remarkable ulcer healing effect due to the presence of xylitol and poloxamer. Capsaicin remarkably enhanced the reepithelialization of ulcer tissues and showed strong anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the expressions of THF-α and IL-6. 3D printing-based capsaicin candies provide an interesting therapeutic choice for the people with oral ulcer.

Management of denture-related traumatic ulcers using ozone.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Management of denture-related traumatic ulcers using ozone may improve tissue healing and reduce patient pain and discomfort. PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical investigation was to assess the efficacy of ozone in the treatment of denture-related traumatic ulcers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-five participants (study group) with denture-related traumatic ulcers were evaluated in this blinded, controlled cohort observational investigation. A control group (n=75) of participants with denture-related traumatic ulcers who matched the study group in sex and age were also recruited. Ulcers were treated with ozone gas for 60 seconds in the study group and with air for 60 seconds in the control group. Pain levels were evaluated by means of a visual analog scale (VAS), and ulcer sizes were measured in each participant at experiment baseline and each day for 15 days. Ulcer duration was established by calculating the period it took to completely heal and disappear. Major outcome measurements were ulcer duration, ulcer size, and levels of pain. RESULTS: Ulcer size decreased from day 2 in the study group (after ozone application) (P≤.01) and from day 4 in the controls (P≤.001). Recorded pain levels decreased from the first day soon after ozone application in the study group (P≤.001) and from day 3 in the controls (P<.001). Ulcer duration, ulcer size from day 3 to day 10, and reported pain levels from day 1 to day 10 decreased more in the study group (P≤.004). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure of denture-related traumatic ulcers to 60 seconds of ozone gas was associated with better ulcer healing and decreased pain levels, ulcer size, and ulcer duration.

Utilidad del Oleozón® tópico en las úlceras orales del paciente con ventilación artificial mecánica, Guantánamo 2018 / Utilidade do Oleozón® tópico nas úlceras orais do paciente com ventilação artificial mecânica, Guantanamo 2018 / Usefulness of topical Oleozón® in the oral ulcers of the patient with mechanical artificial ventilation, Guantanamo 2018

Introducción: Las úlceras de la mucosa oral son comunes en los pacientes con ventilación artificial mecánica. Objetivo: Determinar la utilidad del Oleozón® tópico en el tratamiento de las úlceras de la mu cosa oral en pacientes tratados con ventilación artificial mecánica en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) del Hospital General Docente Dr Agostinho Neto. Método: Se realizó un estudio tipo caso-control durante enero-julio de 2018. El universo lo conformaron 70 pacientes, de los que se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria y se agruparon en un grupo control (n=20) que se les realizó limpieza de la cavidad bucal con solución salina fisiológica 0,9 por ciento y un grupo estudio (n=20) que se les realizó cura de la úlcera con Oleozón® tópico. Se analizó la localización, área, forma de presentación y magnitud de la úlcera y la evolución clínica de acuerdo al tratamiento que se aplicó. Resultados: La evolución satisfactoria de este tipo de úlcera se precisó en el 40,0 por ciento de los pacientes que conformaron el grupo control y el 90,0 por ciento de los que integraron el grupo estudio (p < 0,01). En este último grupo la ventana entre el inicio del tratamiento y control de la úlcera oral fue de 4,5 ± 1,1 días y para el primero fue 8,1 ± 2,7 días (p < 0,01). Conclusión: Se revela la conveniencia de la aplicación de Oleozón® tópico al tratamiento de las úlceras de la mucosa oral que se presentan en los pacientes tratados con ventilación artificial mecánica(AU)

Introduction: Ulcers of the oral mucosa are common in patients with mechanical artificial ventilation. Objective: To determine the usefulness of topical Oleozón® in the treatment of oral mucosal ulcers in patients treated with mechanical artificial ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the General Teaching Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto". Method: A case-control study was carried out during January-July 2018. The universe was made up of 70 patients, from which a random sample was selected and grouped in a control group (n=20) who were cleaned the oral cavity with 0.9per cent physiological saline solution and a study group (n=20) who were cured of the ulcer with topical Oleozón®. The location, area, form of presentation and magnitude of the ulcer and the clinical evolution were analyzed according to the treatment that was applied. Results: The satisfactory evolution of this type of ulcer was required in 40.0por cento of the patients that formed the control group and 90.0per cent of those who made up the study group (p<0.01). In this last group, the window between the start of treatment and control of the oral ulcer was 4.5 ± 1.1 days and for the first one it was 8.1 ± 2.7 days (p<0.01). Conclusion: The convenience of the application of topical Oleozón® to the treatment of oral mucosal ulcers that occur in patients treated with mechanical artificial ventilation is revealed(AU)

Introdução: Úlceras da mucosa oral são comuns em pacientes com ventilação artificial mecânica. Objetivo: Determinar a utilidade do Oleozón® tópico no tratamento de úlceras na mucosa oral em pacientes tratados com ventilação artificial mecânica na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) do Hospital Geral de Ensino "Dr. Agostinho Neto". Método: Foi realizado um estudo de caso-controle no período de janeiro a julho de 2018. O universo foi constituído por 70 pacientes, dos quais uma amostra aleatória foi selecionada e agrupada em um grupo controle (n=20) que foi limpo de cavidade oral com solução salina fisiológica a 0,9por cento e um grupo de estudo (n=20) curado da úlcera com Oleozón® tópico. A localização, área, forma de apresentação e magnitude da úlcera e a evolução clínica foram analisadas de acordo com o tratamento aplicado. Resultados: A evolução satisfatória desse tipo de úlcera foi necessária em 40,0por cento dos pacientes que formaram o grupo controle e em 90,0por cento daqueles que fizeram parte do grupo de estudo (p<0,01). Neste último grupo, a janela entre o início do tratamento e o controle da úlcera oral foi de 4,5 ± 1,1 dias e no primeiro foi de 8,1 ± 2,7 dias (p<0,01). Conclusão: É revelada a conveniência da aplicação tópica de Oleozón® no tratamento de úlceras na mucosa bucal que ocorrem em pacientes tratados com ventilação artificial mecânica(AU)

Chinese herbal medicine for recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most frequent form of oral ulceration, characterized by recurrent oral mucosal ulceration in an otherwise healthy individual. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine for recurrent aphthous stomatitis. METHODS: Five databases will be searched from inception to date, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE,CNKI, and CBM. The researchers will comprehensively screen clinical randomized trials of Chinese herbal medicine for recurrent aphthous stomatitis. The review will be conducted by 2 independent authors without time and language limitation. The risk of bias will be assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. RESULTS: Ethical approval is not required because this study is based on published papers. After peer-review, the study will be disseminated in scientific journals and conferences. CONCLUSION: This systematic review will provide evidence for the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine for recurrent aphthous stomatitis. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42018111955.

A novel strategy to evaluate the quality of herbal products based on the chemical profiling, efficacy evaluation and pharmacokinetics.

The purpose of this study was to establish a chemical profiling method to compare the chemical composition of herbal products by using extracts of Belamcandae Rhizoma(EBR) extracted with different polarity solvent as an example, and evaluate the quality of EBR based on the analysis of chemical profiling, efficacy evaluation and pharmacokinetics. As seen from the results of chemical profiling, the PCA and PLS-DA score plot indicated that the dots of Belamcandae Rhizoma water extracts were separated from ethanol extracts obviously, which suggested significant differences of chemical profiling existing in the different solvent extracts. The PCA and PLS-DA loading plot illustrated that the main compounds contributing to chemical profiling differences were tectoridin(TD), iristectorin B(IT B), iridin(ID), tectorigenin(TG), irigenin(IG), iristectorigein A(IG A), dichotomitin(DT) and irisflorentin(IF). Furthermore, the results of HPLC analysis demonstrated that the contents of these main compounds in ethanol extracts were significantly higher than that in water extracts (P < 0.01). Both the pharmacological and hematoxylin-eosin staining studies indicated that the ethanol extracts of Belamcandae Rhizoma had a better therapeutic effect than water extracts in oral ulcer model rats (P<0.01). It is suggested that the ethanol extracts were beneficial to the absorption and bioavailability of TG which was one of the most important bioactive compounds of Belamcandae Rhizoma in pharmacokinetic study in rats. This work provided a novel method to optimize the extraction process of EBR and related herbal products. Compared with the conventional chemical fingerprint methodology, the approach proposed above is not only a powerful tool to identify efficacy-related components for the quality evaluation, but also can be used to predict the therapeutic efficacy of herbal products.