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1.
Int J Ment Health Nurs ; 30(4): 1001-1009, 2021 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33904636

RESUMEN

Therapeutic recreation is beneficial for people with and without disabilities, promoting an empowered, connected, and joyful life. The present study aimed to analyse canvas art created on a therapeutic recreation programme called Recovery Camp, to discover what they reveal about the shared experiences which have occurred. This study utilized an arts-based research method and thematic analysis to discover what participants have communicated via their artwork from ten camps between 2018 and 2019. This study adheres to the COREQ guidelines for qualitative studies. Reflexive thematic analysis produced subthemes which informed three main themes and an identified core meaning of Social Capital. The three main themes were Togetherness and teamwork, Positivity, and Gratitude for Recovery Camp. Based on these findings, canvas art has revealed that shared experiences during a therapeutic recreation camp were positive and connecting. Social capital was created and bridged at Recovery Camp through teamwork and prosocial attitudes. Gratitude has also been disclosed by participants for their shared positive experience.


Asunto(s)
Arteterapia , Acampada , Personas con Discapacidad , Capital Social , Humanos , Investigación Cualitativa
2.
Br J Nutr ; 125(12): 1416-1426, 2021 06 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32943132

RESUMEN

The World Food Programme (WFP) offers yearly health and nutrition summer camps hosting vulnerable Syrian and Lebanese children and aiming at improving physical, mental and social well-being while contributing to better social cohesion. The present study aimed to assess the 2019 WFP summer camps' effectiveness in reaching the intended outcomes and to provide recommendations for improvement. A multi-method approach using (1) quantitative student pre-/post-surveys (n 443), (2) focus group discussions and (3) key informant interviews and surveys (n 42) was adopted. Mean test results showed improvements in nutrition (4·79 (sd 1·9) v. 5·34 (sd 2·7); t(269) = 4·51, P = 0·000) and life skills knowledge (4·97 (sd 1·9) v. 5·55 (sd 2); t(294) = 4·52, P = 0·000) but no improvement in health knowledge and social cohesion scores. Qualitative data revealed positive changes in social cohesion and an increase in health knowledge. In addition, there was a positive attitude towards the summer camps from students, instructors and administrators specifically regarding the integrated content, snacks and atmosphere of fun and learning. The main weaknesses identified were the short time to prepare for the camps, shortage in instructor training and short camp duration. There were also points of debate regarding sexual and reproductive health-related topics and how they should be delivered. All in all, the camps were shown to be a commendable initiative for incorporating an integrated and holistic approach in the support of education and development among vulnerable children and adolescents.


Asunto(s)
Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Nutrición , Naciones Unidas , Adolescente , Actitud , Acampada , Conducta Cooperativa , Femenino , Grupos Focales , Educación en Salud , Humanos , Líbano , Masculino , Recreación , Bocadillos , Clase Social , Siria/etnología , Poblaciones Vulnerables
3.
Psychophysiology ; 58(4): e13698, 2021 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33048361

RESUMEN

Stress Recovery Theory (SRT) suggests that time spent in nature reduces stress. While many studies have examined changes in stress physiology after exposure to nature imagery, nature virtual reality, or nature walks, this study is the first to examine changes in heart rate (HR) and vagally mediated HR variability, as assessed by Respiratory Sinus Arrythmia (RSA), after a longer duration of nature exposure. Consistent with SRT, we hypothesized that immersion in nature would promote stress recovery, as indexed by an increase in RSA and a decrease in HR. We also predicted that exposure to nature would improve self-reported mood. We used a within-subjects design (N = 67) to assess changes in peripheral physiology before, during, and after a 5-day nature trip. Results demonstrated a significant decrease in RSA and a significant increase in HR during the trip compared to before or after the trip, suggesting that immersion in nature is associated with a shift toward parasympathetic withdrawal and possible sympathetic activation. These results were contrary to our hypotheses and may suggest increased attentional intake or presence of emotions associated with an increase in sympathetic activation. We also found an improvement in self-reported measures of mood during the trip compared to before or after the trip, confirming our hypotheses and replicating previous research. Implications of this study are discussed in the context of SRT.


Asunto(s)
Afecto/fisiología , Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiología , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Recreación , Terapia por Relajación , Arritmia Sinusal Respiratoria/fisiología , Estrés Psicológico/rehabilitación , Adolescente , Adulto , Glucemia , Acampada , Electrocardiografía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estrés Psicológico/sangre , Estrés Psicológico/fisiopatología , Adulto Joven
5.
Complement Ther Clin Pract ; 36: 18-28, 2019 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31383437

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Although childhood cancer mortality rates are decreasing, intensive treatment modalities and missed school days may leave childhood cancer patients psychologically and socially vulnerable. Children with cancer often have increased anxiety, lower levels of self-esteem, and higher rates of depression, all of which may impair their psychosocial wellbeing. Specialized camps for children with cancer are becoming increasingly popular, as they provide a stress-free, outdoor environment in which children are able to interact with individuals similar to themselves, while experiencing the joys of a "normal childhood." OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to explore how camp participation impacts the psychosocial wellbeing of childhood cancer patients and survivors. METHODS: Six databases (MEDLINE, PsychINFO, EMBASE, CINHAL, Sociological Abstracts, Social Sciences Citation Index) were systematically searched for English literature published between 2007 and 2018. The search generated 1707 titles, and after being evaluated for relevance, 18 articles met the inclusion criteria. A thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS: A variety of camp programs and methodologies were employed among the studies. Camp participation led to improved social health, followed by enhanced constructions of the self, quality of life, sense of normalcy, and attitude. CONCLUSION: This review demonstrates the potential ability of camp to buffer psychosocial losses for children affected by cancer. Addressing limitations, such as the lack of child-centered methodologies employed in camp settings, may not only help to guide future research on therapeutic recreation experiences for children with cancer, but also expand the evidence base for children living with other chronic illnesses and disabilities.


Asunto(s)
Acampada , Supervivientes de Cáncer/psicología , Neoplasias , Terapia Recreativa , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias/psicología , Neoplasias/rehabilitación
6.
J Pediatr Nurs ; 47: 30-35, 2019.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31026678

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Camp V.I·P (Victory, Independence, Possibilities) was established by the Spina Bifida Association of Alabama in 2012. The goal is to provide children with spina bifida (SB) and their families a traditional-style summer camp focusing on self-empowerment and fostering independence in medical self-management. DESIGN AND METHODS: Part 1 of this study describes Camp V.I·P. structure. Part 2 describes an online survey to caregivers of campers gauging camp effectiveness and value and evaluating perceptions of confidence/independence and family connections. Camper characteristics were compared to the overall SB clinic population. RESULTS: 63 children with SB, 81 siblings, and over 100 caregivers have attended camp. Campers are similar to the overall clinic population in race, gender, and ambulation status. At camp, there are significantly more children with myelomeningocele (versus other spinal dysraphism) and lumbar functional level (versus thoracic). Survey results show that confidence grew in 93% of campers, and 86% gained greater independence. Parents stated that they created lifelong friendships. The majority of caregivers (91%) indicated "certainty" that they would attend camp again. CONCLUSION: Camp V.I·P is a family-centered environment that emphasizes respite, nurture, and the continuum between family and clinic. Our research shows that camp can be a useful tool to aid in independence, confidence, and social adaption. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Camp has become an integral part of our comprehensive care of children with SB and has been shown to reinforce what is taught through the clinic by creating trust between the care team and campers.


Asunto(s)
Acampada , Poder Psicológico , Autoimagen , Disrafia Espinal/psicología , Adolescente , Alabama , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud
7.
Orv Hetil ; 159(28): 1153-1157, 2018 Jul.
Artículo en Húngaro | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29983105

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: There are two notable eating behaviors that are not far from having their own category as a mental disorder: the purging disorder, that is already among the DSM-5 non-specific eating disorders, and orthorexia nervosa, when a person is fixating too much on healthy foods. Our purpose is to describe how these can be observed in recreational juice cleanse camps, which are very popular today as an alternative health trend. METHOD: The first author recorded her data during multisited ethnographic observations in two Hungarian juice cleanse camps. Based on the diary logs, notes and interviews collected, we will present the motives of eating anomalies that the participants had shown. RESULTS: The main motive of the camp is "detoxification". The lack of solid food, drastically low calorie intake and lots of physical activity will bring an inevitable change in the body, that is interpreted as toxins leaving the body. Participants have also included deliberate use of laxatives in their everyday routines, with which they associate positive connotations and are linked to the spiritual processes of "letting it go" and "renewal" in the spirit of a holistic approach. The use of symbols in the physiological processes was highly noticeable. Rapid weight loss due to diuresis, the desire for "clean" meals, and "self-rewarding" borrowed from the esoteric-self-help culture are also common motives. Due to the refeeding complications, so far two deaths have been reported by camp organizers. CONCLUSIONS: Both purging disorder and orthorexia nervosa can be well-identified in our observations. This shows that also in the non-clinical environment, there is an institutionalization of eating habits that are dangerous to the health. This "detox" is not only physiologically harmful, but it is not proved to provide long-term help in mental health either. As a solution, we advocate developing an appropriate health communication plan for misconceptions about healthy lifestyle and eating, and also a promotion of psychotherapeutic opportunities. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(28): 1153-1157.


Asunto(s)
Anorexia Nerviosa/psicología , Trastorno por Atracón/psicología , Bulimia Nerviosa/psicología , Acampada , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Anorexia Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Apetito/fisiología , Trastorno por Atracón/fisiopatología , Bulimia Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Femenino , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Humanos , Hungría , Masculino , Proyectos Piloto , Investigación Cualitativa
8.
Complement Ther Clin Pract ; 31: 16-24, 2018 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29705449

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Adventure therapy (AT) is a term that includes therapies such as wilderness therapy and adventure-based counseling. With growing empirical support for AT, the diversity of studies make it difficult to attribute outcomes to specific treatment factors. OBJECTIVES: Researchers explored whether AT, often perceived as an alternative therapy, works because of AT's unique components, or whether factors shared by all therapies were responsible. METHODS: A scoping review was undertaken utilizing a search of major databases, unpublished dissertations, and a hand search for direct comparison trials matching AT with another therapeutic intervention. RESULTS: 881 publications were identified. 105 quantitative studies were included following a title and abstract review. Only 13 met the full inclusion criteria. Little to no differences were found to isolate specific therapeutic factors. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the implications of these results considering the movement toward evidence-based practice and recommend future research to eclipse our current understanding of AT.


Asunto(s)
Terapias Complementarias , Consejo , Vida Silvestre , Acampada , Práctica Clínica Basada en la Evidencia , Humanos
9.
J Burn Care Res ; 38(1): e1-e7, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27893579

RESUMEN

Asociacion Pro-Ninos Quemados de Nicaragua (APROQUEN) is a comprehensive burn center that provides a holistic and integrated approach to treating burns. APROQUEN has set the standards internationally with acute treatment for burns, intensive care, reconstructive surgeries, nutritional care, rehabilitation, occupational therapy, and psychological treatment. APROQUEN is excelling within Central and South America with life-saving techniques and quality of care. It is imperative that burn centers in Central America recognize that the treatment of a child with a burn injury surpasses physical care to include psychological treatment for the complete well-being of the child. It is necessary to provide the tools necessary to reintegrate the child back into their environment. APROQUEN developed and implemented the first burn camp in Latin America, "Confio en Mi" (I trust myself). The camp theme focused on self-esteem. The camp program included theory (educational) and practice (applied) components where the campers through "classroom type" activities had the opportunity to reflect and share with other campers and camp staff on self-esteem, depression, and anxiety. Participants were children who survived major burns (N = 33; 58% women; ages 12-25; 61% <18) and were shown to have difficulty socializing. Comprehensive interviews were conducted to ensure fit for camp. Forty-two percent of the campers had not slept away from home since the burn injury. Mean TBSA = 20% and mean age at time of burn injury was 13. The majority of campers (46%) endured flame burn injuries, with 24% having scald injuries. Mean years postburn = 4.8 + 3.2. Most campers (40%) were enrolled in secondary school, 30% in elementary school, and 21% in college. Standardized measures (CDI-2 Parent Form and Child Form, Rosenberg Scale, APROQUEN Burn Camp Measure Parent and Child Form, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory) were given to all campers prior to attending camp. The same measures were given 2 weeks after the camp and again at 6 months. Paired samples' t-tests were conducted and significance was set at P <.05. The results indicate that Camp Confio en Mi had a significant impact on campers' level of anxiety, depression, and self-esteem. Future burn camps are an important part of the continued advancement of postpediatric burn care in Nicaragua. This study reveals the importance of future researches necessity to focus on generalizing the results of this study to other children who have experienced similar burn injuries.


Asunto(s)
Quemaduras/psicología , Acampada/psicología , Educación del Paciente como Asunto/organización & administración , Autoimagen , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Sobrevivientes/psicología , Adaptación Psicológica , Adolescente , Adulto , Unidades de Quemados/organización & administración , Quemaduras/terapia , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Nicaragua , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Psicoterapia/métodos , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/terapia , Resultado del Tratamiento
10.
Can Nurse ; 112(5): 34-35, 2016 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29461706
11.
Nurs Sci Q ; 28(4): 322-4, 2015 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26396217

RESUMEN

This article is about Camp Hope, a two-week summer day program for children age 6-12 from low income families and violent neighborhoods and for children who are struggling academically or identified as having behavioral health issues. The camp is operated by House of Peace and Education (HOPE) a 501(c)(3) nonprofit company that began in 1996. The program is designed to offer enrichment activities in a caring community for young children. The theoretical framework behind the vision and policies is Parse's humanbecoming paradigm. In particular, the camp administrators and staff try to see all persons as co-creating of their everchanging humanuniverse process.


Asunto(s)
Acampada , Humanismo , Taichi Chuan , Niño , Protección a la Infancia , Humanos , Teoría de Enfermería , Pobreza
12.
Complement Ther Clin Pract ; 20(4): 188-92, 2014 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25160991

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Although exposure to, and interaction with, natural environments are recognized as health-promoting, little is understood about the use of nature contact in treatment and rehabilitation for cancer survivors. METHODS: This narrative review summarizes the literature exploring the influence of nature-based experiences on survivor health. Key databases included CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, PsycArticles, ProQuest, and Cancerlit databases. RESULTS: Sixteen articles met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Four major categories emerged: 1) Dragon boat racing may enhance breast cancer survivor quality of life, 2) Natural environment may counteract attentional fatigue in newly diagnosed breast cancer survivors, 3) Adventure programs provide a positive experience for children and adolescent survivors, fostering a sense of belonging and self-esteem, and 4) Therapeutic landscapes may decrease state-anxiety, improving survivor health. CONCLUSIONS: This review contributes to a better understanding of the therapeutic effects of nature-based experiences on cancer survivor health, providing a point of entry for future study.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias/psicología , Neoplasias/terapia , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Sobrevivientes/psicología , Adolescente , Anciano , Acampada , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Naturaleza , Terapia Recreativa , Navíos
13.
Nurs Times ; 110(19): 12-4, 2014.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24915682

RESUMEN

Evidence suggests that green spaces next to hospitals can be used to promote health. This article reports on a pilot study to determine how hospital green spaces can be used for patients with cardiac problems and their rehabilitation programmes. Over a six-week period, patients spent one hour per week taking part in activities, including tai chi, photography and willow sculpting, as part of their rehabilitation programme. Patients showed improved physical health, less social isolation, a better overall mood and increased positivity. They were also more likely to choose to exercise than at the start of the rehabilitation programme, and valued the new skills and knowledge that they gained.


Asunto(s)
Acampada , Enfermería Cardiovascular/organización & administración , Cardiopatías/rehabilitación , Enfermería en Rehabilitación/organización & administración , Taichi Chuan , Cardiopatías/enfermería , Cardiopatías/psicología , Humanos , Masculino , Proyectos Piloto , Desarrollo de Programa , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Escocia
14.
Mil Med ; 179(1): 105-10, 2014 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24402994

RESUMEN

The comprehensive care of children with epilepsy involves not only the treatment of seizures but also enhancement of their quality of life. Children with developmental disabilities are often unable to attend traditional summer camps because of safety concerns, as their prevalence of epilepsy is high and tends to be more severe. The goal of the current study is to describe our epilepsy experience at a summer camp adapted for children with developmental disabilities, with which the U. S. military has had a long-standing relationship. A retrospective chart review of all children and young adults attending summer sessions between 2008 and 2010 was performed. A total of 1,526 camp sessions were attended by 818 campers (mean 13.7 years), with 32.3% of campers having epilepsy. Of campers with epilepsy, 46.6% had cerebral palsy, 57.6% intellectual disability, and 28.8% autism spectrum disorders. Seizure frequency was at least weekly in 21.2% and at least daily in 13.3%. A history of status epilepticus was reported in 34.9%. There were seven camp infirmary visits because of seizures (incidence 1.4%), including two for status epilepticus. Thus, despite a high prevalence of severe epilepsy, in the setting of appropriate safety precautions, a safe camp experience can be provided, as seizure-related complications are rare.


Asunto(s)
Acampada , Epilepsia/complicaciones , Seguridad , Adolescente , Parálisis Cerebral/complicaciones , Niño , Trastornos Generalizados del Desarrollo Infantil/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Discapacidad Intelectual/complicaciones , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Convulsiones/etiología , Adulto Joven
15.
Autism Res ; 7(1): 4-16, 2014 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24150989

RESUMEN

Social Emotional NeuroScience Endocrinology Theatre is a novel intervention program aimed at improving reciprocal social interaction in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using behavioral strategies and theatrical techniques in a peer-mediated model. Previous research using a 3-month model showed improvement in face perception, social interaction, and reductions in stress. The current study assessed a 2-week summer camp model. Typically developing peers were trained and paired with ASD youth (8-17 years). Social perception and interaction skills were measured before and after treatment using neuropsychological and parental measures. Behavioral coding by reliable, independent raters was conducted within the treatment context (theatre) and outside the setting (playground). Salivary cortisol levels to assess physiological arousal were measured across contexts (home, theatre, and playground). A pretest-posttest design for within-group comparisons was used, and prespecified pairwise comparisons were achieved using a nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Significant differences were observed in face processing, social awareness, and social cognition (P < 0.05). Duration of interaction with familiar peers increased significantly over the course of treatment (P < 0.05), while engagement with novel peers outside the treatment setting remained stable. Cortisol levels rose on the first day of camp compared with home values yet declined by the end of treatment and further reduced during posttreatment play with peers. Results corroborate previous findings that the peer-mediated theatre program contributes to improvement in core social deficits in ASD using a short-term, summer camp treatment model. Future studies will explore treatment length and peer familiarity to optimize and generalize gains.


Asunto(s)
Trastornos Generalizados del Desarrollo Infantil/terapia , Relaciones Interpersonales , Grupo Paritario , Psicodrama/métodos , Trastorno de la Conducta Social/terapia , Adolescente , Nivel de Alerta/fisiología , Concienciación/fisiología , Terapia Conductista/métodos , Acampada , Niño , Trastornos Generalizados del Desarrollo Infantil/sangre , Trastornos Generalizados del Desarrollo Infantil/diagnóstico , Trastornos Generalizados del Desarrollo Infantil/psicología , Inteligencia Emocional/fisiología , Expresión Facial , Femenino , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Masculino , Evaluación de Procesos y Resultados en Atención de Salud , Trastorno de la Conducta Social/sangre , Trastorno de la Conducta Social/diagnóstico , Trastorno de la Conducta Social/psicología , Medio Social , Percepción Social , Teoría de la Mente/fisiología
17.
Nutr Res ; 30(6): 396-402, 2010 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20650347

RESUMEN

The availability of fruit, juice, and vegetables (FJV) in home and school settings is positively associated with adolescent fruit and vegetable consumption. Less is known, however, about the influence on youths' consumption of the availability of FJV in community-based settings. This study examined fruit and vegetable consumption in a sample of 156 African American adolescents (mean age, 11.89 years; range, 10-14 years; 55% female) who were provided with 3 servings each of FJV (9 servings daily) for 3 consecutive days during summer camp programming in New York City youth services agencies. It was hypothesized that youths' mean intake (measured via direct observation) would exceed the mean intake of 3.6 daily servings found among similarly aged youths in the US population given the consistently high number of servings of FJV offered. Intake differences by sex, age, and meal were also examined. Youths' mean (SD) intake of 5.41 (1.51) daily servings was higher than the population mean intake of 3.6 daily servings (P < .001). Youths aged 10 years had higher intake than did youths aged 11, 12, and 13 years. Youths' FJV intake was lower at lunch than at breakfast and dinner meals. Across meals, youths consumed more juice than fruit or vegetables. Increasing the availability of FJV in community-based settings is a promising strategy for enabling fruit and vegetable consumption among African American adolescents. Youths may also benefit from intervention to prevent age-related declines in intake, increase consumption of FJV at lunch meals, and encourage higher consumption of vegetables and fruit.


Asunto(s)
Dieta , Conducta Alimentaria , Servicios de Alimentación , Abastecimiento de Alimentos/normas , Frutas , Preparaciones de Plantas/administración & dosificación , Verduras , Adolescente , Negro o Afroamericano , Bebidas , Acampada , Niño , Dieta/normas , Ingestión de Energía , Humanos , Ciudad de Nueva York
19.
New Dir Youth Dev ; 2008(118): 107-10, 10, 2008.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18642310

RESUMEN

Camps have long addressed multiple components of young people's development, including spiritual development. In particular, transcendental communion with nature and the outdoors may provide one pathway for young people's spiritual development.


Asunto(s)
Desarrollo del Adolescente , Acampada/psicología , Desarrollo Infantil , Relaciones Interpersonales , Religión , Apoyo Social , Espiritualidad , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Niño , Humanos
20.
Ground Water ; 46(1): 51-60, 2008.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18181864

RESUMEN

The mobility of phosphorus (P) in septic system plumes remains a topic of debate because of the considerable reactivity of this constituent. In this study, a septic system plume in Ontario was monitored over a 16-year period with detail that clearly shows the advancing frontal portion of the P plume. This monitoring record provides insight into the extent of secondary P attenuation in the ground water zone beyond that available from previous studies. A P plume 16 m in length developed over the monitoring period with PO(4)-P concentrations (3 to 6 mg/L) that approached the concentrations present under the tile bed. Simulations using an analytical model showed that when first-order solute decay was considered to account for the possibility of secondary P attenuation in the ground water zone, field values could only be matched when decay was absent or occurred at an exceedingly slow rate (half-life greater than 30 years). Thus, hypothesized secondary P attenuation mechanisms such as slow recystallization of sorbed P into insoluble metal phosphate minerals, diffusion into microsites, or kinetically slow direct precipitation of P minerals such as hydroxyapatite were inactive in the ground water zone at this site or occurred at rates that were too slow to be observed in the context of the current 16-year study. Desorption tests on sediment samples from below the tile bed indicated a PO(4) distribution coefficient (K(d)) of 4.8, which implies a P retardation factor of 25, similar to the field apparent value of 37 determined from model calibrations. This example of inactive secondary P attenuation in the ground water zone shows that phosphorus in some ground water plumes can remain mobile and conservative for decades. This has important implications for septic systems located in lakeshore environments when long-term usage scenarios are considered.


Asunto(s)
Fósforo/análisis , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Adsorción , Acampada , Simulación por Computador , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Metales/análisis , Modelos Teóricos , Nitratos/análisis , Ontario , Fosfatos/análisis , Fósforo/química , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/instrumentación , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química
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