RESUMEN
The genera Acremonium and Sarocladium comprise a high diversity of morphologically and genetically related fungi generally found in the environment, although a few species, mainly Sarocladium kiliense and Acremonium egyptiacum, can also be involved in many human infections. Clinical management of opportunistic infections caused by these fungi is very complex, since their correct identification is unreliable, and they generally show poor antifungal response. More than 300 clinical cases involving a broad range of Acremonium/Sarocladium infections have so far been published, and with this review we aim to compile and provide a detailed overview of the current knowledge on Acremonium/Sarocladium human infections in terms of presentation, diagnosis, treatments and prognoses. We also aim to summarise and discuss the data currently available on their antifungal susceptibility, emphasising the promising results obtained with voriconazole as well as their impact in terms of animal infections.
Asunto(s)
Hypocreales , Micosis , Infecciones Oportunistas , Acremonium/clasificación , Acremonium/efectos de los fármacos , Acremonium/aislamiento & purificación , Acremonium/patogenicidad , Animales , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Artritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Artritis/microbiología , Sangre/microbiología , Infecciones del Sistema Nervioso Central/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones del Sistema Nervioso Central/microbiología , Dermatomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Farmacorresistencia Fúngica , Endocarditis/tratamiento farmacológico , Endocarditis/microbiología , Infecciones del Ojo/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones del Ojo/microbiología , Humanos , Hypocreales/clasificación , Hypocreales/efectos de los fármacos , Hypocreales/aislamiento & purificación , Hypocreales/patogenicidad , Infecciones Fúngicas Invasoras/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Fúngicas Invasoras/patología , Micetoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Micosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Micosis/patología , Micosis/veterinaria , Onicomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Onicomicosis/microbiología , Infecciones Oportunistas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Oportunistas/patología , Infecciones Oportunistas/veterinaria , Osteomielitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Osteomielitis/microbiología , Peritonitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Peritonitis/microbiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/microbiología , Voriconazol/uso terapéuticoAsunto(s)
Acremonium/efectos de los fármacos , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Fúngica/genética , Acremonium/crecimiento & desarrollo , Acremonium/aislamiento & purificación , Anfotericina B/farmacología , Anidulafungina , Combinación de Medicamentos , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Equinocandinas/farmacología , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Naftalenos/farmacología , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Terbinafina , Triazoles/farmacología , VoriconazolRESUMEN
Addition of soybean oil to Acremonium chrysogenum cultures growing on sugars doubled the specific production of cephalosporin C during the idiophase of growth. While the addition of soybean oil had no effect on the total rate of respiration, the respiration that proceeded via the alternative, cyanide-insensitive pathway exhibited a more than twofold increase. Addition of soybean oil also stimulated the formation of isocitrate lyase activities. Inhibition of oxidative metabolism of one of the products of isocitrate lyase (succinate) by thenoyltrifluoroacetone completely inhibited the alternative respiratory pathway. The role of soybean-oil-stimulated alternative respiration in the stimulation of cephalosporin C production and the role of isocitrate lyase are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Acremonium/metabolismo , Cefalosporinas/metabolismo , Aceite de Soja/metabolismo , Acremonium/efectos de los fármacos , Acremonium/crecimiento & desarrollo , Biomasa , Medios de Cultivo/química , Fermentación/efectos de los fármacos , Fermentación/fisiología , Glucosa/metabolismo , Isocitratoliasa/metabolismo , Consumo de Oxígeno/efectos de los fármacos , Succinato Deshidrogenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ácido Succínico/metabolismo , Tenoiltrifluoroacetona/farmacología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Glyphosate (Roundup), when applied to the soil usually did not exert any significant effect on the total count of soil fungi after all periods of the experiment except after 6 and 10 weeks where the count was inhibited by the two doses used (1.84, 9.2 mg active ingredient/kg dry soil). When the herbicide was incorporated into the agar medium the count of total fungi, Acremonium strictum and Aspergillus fumigatus was significantly increased by the two doses used and of Penicillium glabrum by the high dose only. However, P. funiculosum was completely eliminated by the high dose. Oxygen consumption in soil treated with glyphosate was significantly inhibited by the high dose after 2 weeks and by the two doses after 6, 8 and 10 weeks. Glyphosate exerted two significant effects of stimulation and inhibition on the rate of the decay of stem segments of three plants at certain treatments of dose and time.
Asunto(s)
Hongos/efectos de los fármacos , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Herbicidas/farmacología , Microbiología del Suelo , Acremonium/efectos de los fármacos , Acremonium/crecimiento & desarrollo , Aspergillus/efectos de los fármacos , Aspergillus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Biodegradación Ambiental/efectos de los fármacos , Hongos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hongos/metabolismo , Glicina/farmacología , Gossypium/metabolismo , Consumo de Oxígeno/efectos de los fármacos , Penicillium/efectos de los fármacos , Penicillium/crecimiento & desarrollo , GlifosatoRESUMEN
El desarrollo de Staphylococcus aureus y Bacillus subtilis fue inhibido por la decocción y el extracto de etanol de cáscara de frutos de Punica granatum L., raíz de Geum quellyon Sweet, corteza de Quillaja saponaria Mol.; la decocción y el extracto en acetato de etilo de cotiledones de Lucuma bifera Mol.; la decocción y el extracto en etanol o acetato de etilo de hojas y tallos de Calceolaria thyrsiflora Graham, Sphacele salviae (Lindl.) Briq. Haplopappus baylahuen Remy y la decocción y los extractos en etanol, acetato de etilo y cloroformo de Luma chequen (Mol.) A. Gray. El desarrollo de Escherichia coli fue escasamente inhibido por el extracto en acetato de etilo de cotiledones de L. bifera Mol. El desarrollo de Acremonium falciforme fue inhibido por la decocción y los extractos en etanol o acetato de etilo de hojas y tallos de C. thyrsiflora y H. baylahuen y por los extractos en etanol o acetato de etilo de hojas y tallos de S. salviae. Ninguna de las decocciones o extractos inhibió el desarrollo de Candida albicans
Asunto(s)
Técnicas In Vitro , Plantas Medicinales/análisis , Acremonium/efectos de los fármacos , Bacillus subtilis/efectos de los fármacos , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The effect of exogenic lysine on production of cephalosporin by auxotrophic and prototrophic strains of A. chrysogenum and their development was studied. It was shown that lysine added to the medium at a concentration of 0.5 or 1 mg/ml partially eliminated the effect of catabolic repression by glucose and had a stimulating effect on production of cephalosporin in the presence of sucrose. Both phenomena were most pronounced in the prototrophic strain 309-A. High concentrations of lysine (10 mg/ml) inhibited cephalosporin biosynthesis more intensively in the auxotrophic strain 291-A than in the prototrophic strain 309-A. Marked differences in the character of the culture development in media supplemented with 1 or 10 mg/ml of lysine were also observed.