An integrative investigation of the therapeutic mechanism of Ainsliaea fragrans Champ. in cervicitis using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry based on a rat plasma metabolomics strategy.

Cervicitis is an extremely common gynecological disease and can be induced by diverse factors such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Mycoplasma genitalium infections. Long-term unhealed cervicitis may lead to a series of diseases including endometritis, salpingitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and chorioamnionitis. However, the pathogenesis of cervicitis remains unknown. Ainsliaea fragrans Champ. (AFC) has been widely used in clinical treatment of cervicitis. In the present study, we performed an integrative investigation involving histopathology analysis and non-target plasma metabolomics analysis in a cervicitis rat model induced by phenol mucilage, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry approach. Based on the integrative investigation, marked metabolomic differences were identified between the cervicitis and control groups using multivariate analysis. As a result, 32 potential biomarkers were identified in the response to cervicitis, and were involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. After treatment, a total of 27 potential biomarkers exhibited altered levels in the AFC group compared to the model group, and 12 metabolites including 1-stearoylglycerophosphoinositol, bolasterone, lysoPC(16:0), lysoPC(20:4), lysoPC(P-16:0), lysoPC(P-18:0), lysoPC(P-18:1), stearoylcarnitine, taurine, lysoPC(17:0), 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and 1-arachidonoylglycerophosphoinositol returned to their normal levels. This study suggested that the therapeutic mechanism of AFC is related to those altered endogenous metabolites.

A comprehensive evaluation of the toxicology of monogram inks added to experimental cigarettes.

CONTEXT: Cigarettes often have a small identifying mark (monogram) printed either on the cigarette paper toward the filter end of the cigarette or on the tipping paper. OBJECTIVE: A battery of tests was used to compare the toxicology of mainstream smoke from experimental cigarettes manufactured with different monogram inks. Cigarettes with different concentrations of different pigments were compared with cigarettes without ink, and with a control ink. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Smoke from each of the experimental cigarettes was evaluated using analytical chemistry and in vitro bacterial mutagenicity (Salmonella, five strains, ± S9) and cytotoxicity (neutral red uptake) assays. RESULTS: No differences were observed between experimental cigarettes printed with three different pigment loads of iron oxide-based Black pigment and non-printed cigarettes. In general, no dose response was observed. However, increases in certain smoke constituents were found to correlate with Pigment Yellow 14 (also known as benzidine yellow) and Pigment Blue 15 (copper phthalocyanine). Increases in bacterial mutagenicity were observed for high-level print of Pigment Yellow 14 in TA98 and TA1537 and the high-level print of Pigment Blue 15 in TA98. In vitro cytotoxicity of mainstream smoke was unaffected by the presence of monogram ink on cigarettes. CONCLUSION: Statistically significant dose-responsive constituent changes and an increase in mutagenicity were observed with inclusion of Pigment Yellow 14 and Pigment Blue 15. Other pigments showed minimal toxicological activity.

Triterpenoids as major components of the insect-trapping glue of Roridula species.

Roridula dentata and R. gorgonias, two South African plants that were formerly believed to be carnivorous, exhibit an extremely sticky exudate at the tips of secretory trichomes. Unlike the trapping mucilage of Droseraceae, it does not consist of acidic polysaccharides. The Roridula trapping glue was found to be a mutual solution of mainly dihydroxytriterpenoids, instead. All samples contain two isomers of ring A dihydroxyolean-12-enes and dihydroxyurs-12-enes. The difference between the two species is the additional presence of taraxeradiol in the glue of R. gorgonias. The absolute chemical structures of the reported triterpenoids still need confirmation.

The in vitro cytotoxicity of eluates from dentin bonding resins and their effect on tyrosine phosphorylation of L929 cells.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the monomers eluted from dentin-bonding systems and their cytotoxicities, and to investigate the biochemical effect of the monomers on tyrosine phosphorylation, especially relating to the cell growth activity, of L929 cells in vitro. METHODS: The primers, uncured or cured adhesives (3M and Kuraray) were tested to determine the cytotoxicity of confluent L929 cells cultured by Eagle's MEM medium supplemented with 10% FCS. The area of cells affected by the eluted monomers were evaluated with an image analyzer and the concentrations of monomers eluted into the medium were measured with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after 24h incubation. The protein composition of the stimulated cells was compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and tyrosine phosphorylation was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: The primer and uncured adhesives revealed variable cytotoxicities. 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA) was the major component eluted from uncured primers and adhesives. Small amounts of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) were also detected from the uncured adhesives. The cytotoxicities of the adhesives decreased as photo activation time increased. The amount of monomers eluted from the cured adhesives was almost undetectable and did not reach a sufficient concentration to suppress cell viability or cell growth. The cytotoxicities of the primers and adhesives correlated well with the amounts of either HEMA or TEGDMA eluted. Moreover, a high concentration of HEMA (4 mg/ml medium) affected intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation, which is related to cellular activities. SIGNIFICANCE: Although the monomers present in dentin bonding resins are cytotoxic to L929 cells, the amount from cured bonding resin is very small and does not provide a cytotoxic dose. This data does however suggest that clinical exposure to the uncured primers and adhesives of dentin bonding resins should be minimized.

In vitro evaluation of denture adhesives: possible efficacy of complex carbohydrates.

The ideal denture adhesive demonstrates a neutral or slightly basic pH, minimal toxicity to the oral mucosa, and satisfactory adhesive bond strength for 12 to 16 hours. Three brands of commercially available denture adhesives (Fixodent Fresh, Procter and Gamble, Cincinnati, OH; Super Poli Grip, Block Drug, Jersey City, NJ; and Super Wernet's, Block Drug, Jersey City, NJ), and a complex mannose carbohydrate (Acemannan, Carrington Laboratories, Irving, TX) were evaluated in vitro to determine significant differences in pH, cytotoxicity, and adhesive bond strength. Super Poli Grip and Super Wernet's remained above the critical pH for hydroxyapatite (pH 6.5) throughout the study, while Acemannan and Fixodent Fresh did not. Fixodent Fresh exhibited significant cytotoxicity to human gingival fibroblasts. Acemannan demonstrated significantly greater overall mean adhesive bond strength in both dry and simulated oral conditions. The generally favorable in vitro performance of the Acemannan material compared to commercially available denture adhesive formulations indicates that complex carbohydrates may be efficacious denture adhesives.

[Toxicological and hygienic studies of a new polymer glue to be used in shoe-making industry]. / Toksikologo-gigienicheskie issledovanniia novogo polimernogo kleia, predlagaemogo dlia primeneniia v obuvnoi promyshlennosti.

Toxico-hygienic studies have been carried out of a new polymeric glue to be used in the shoe-making industry. As a result of studies the use of the glue is recommended in the shoe-making industry, conditions of its safe use and the way to maintain current sanitary supervision have been suggested.