Antihyperglycemic and aphrodisiac effect of West African Albizia (Albizia zygia) leaves-inclusive diet in diabetes-induced erectile dysfunctional rats.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: West African Albizia (Albizia zygia DC J. F. Macbr) leaves are a tropical plant that are frequently used in folkloric medicine to treat a number of illnesses, including type 2 diabetes (TY2D) and erectile dysfunction (ED), without having a complete scientific foundation. AIM OF THE STUDY: This investigation examined the effect of action of dietary augmentation of Albizia zygia leaves (AZL) on rat sexual functioning and important enzymes related to TY2D and ED. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty matured adult Wistar rats of the weight 180-200 g were acclimatized in a lab environmental condition for two weeks prior to experiment given food and water to acclimate. Twenty-four of the rats got high fat diet (HFD) for periods of two weeks before receiving streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally (i.p.), 35 mg/kg body weight single dose. Six rats got basal diets. Type 2 diabetes was identified in rats 72 h after STZ treatment. Rats were then used to evaluate the mounting number, mount delay, intromission number, and intromission latency. RESULTS: Following that, meals supplemented with AZL (5% or 10% inclusion) were given to diabetic-ED rats for 14 days. AZL was added. Therefore, in diabetic-ED rats, AZL supplementation could significantly (p0.05) lower blood glucose levels and the activities of alpha amylase, alpha glucosidase, phosphodiesterase-5, and arginase. In the case of diabetic-ED treated rats in consideration with diabetic-ED control group, nitric oxide levels were increased along with sexual function. CONCLUSION: Thus, experimental results of this study demonstrated rats that consumed AZL in their diets had less erectile dysfunction. In order to address ED caused by diabetes, AZL could be suggested as functional meals.

Prediction of cell migration potential on human breast cancer cells treated with Albizia lebbeck ethanolic extract using extreme machine learning.

Cancer is one of the major causes of death in the modern world, and the incidence varies considerably based on race, ethnicity, and region. Novel cancer treatments, such as surgery and immunotherapy, are ineffective and expensive. In this situation, ion channels responsible for cell migration have appeared to be the most promising targets for cancer treatment. This research presents findings on the organic compounds present in Albizia lebbeck ethanolic extracts (ALEE), as well as their impact on the anti-migratory, anti-proliferative and cytotoxic potentials on MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines. In addition, artificial intelligence (AI) based models, multilayer perceptron (MLP), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and extreme learning machine (ELM) were performed to predict in vitro cancer cell migration on both cell lines, based on our experimental data. The organic compounds composition of the ALEE was studied using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Cytotoxicity, anti-proliferations, and anti-migratory activity of the extract using Tryphan Blue, MTT, and Wound Heal assay, respectively. Among the various concentrations (2.5-200 µg/mL) of the ALEE that were used in our study, 2.5-10 µg/mL revealed anti-migratory potential with increased concentrations, and they did not show any effect on the proliferation of the cells (P < 0.05; n ≥ 3). Furthermore, the three data-driven models, Multi-layer perceptron (MLP), Extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and Extreme learning machine (ELM), predict the potential migration ability of the extract on the treated cells based on our experimental data. Overall, the concentrations of the plant extract that do not affect the proliferation of the type cells used demonstrated promising effects in reducing cell migration. XGB outperformed the MLP and ELM models and increased their performance efficiency by up to 3% and 1% for MCF and 1% and 2% for MDA-MB231, respectively, in the testing phase.

Ameliorative effects of Albizia adianthifolia aqueous extract against pentylenetetrazole-induced epilepsy and associated memory loss in mice: Role of GABAergic, antioxidant defense and anti-inflammatory systems.

Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach.) (Fabaceae) is a medicinal herb used for the treatment of epilepsy and memory impairment. This study aims to investigate the anticonvulsant effects of Albizia adianthifolia aqueous extract against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced spontaneous convulsions in mice; and determine whether the extract could mitigate memory impairment, oxidative/nitrergic stress, GABA depletion and neuroinflammation. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis was done to identify active compounds from the extract. Mice were injected with PTZ once every 48 h until kindling was developed. Animals received distilled water for the normal group and negative control groups, doses of extract (40, 80, or 160 mg/kg) for the test groups and sodium valproate (300 mg/kg) for the positive control group. Memory was measured using Y maze, novel object recognition (NOR) and open field paradigms, while the oxidative/nitrosative stresses (MDA, GSH, CAT, SOD and NO), GABAergic transmission (GABA, GABA-T and GAD) and neuro-inflammation (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL- 1ß, and IL-6) were determined. Brain photomicrograph was also studied. Apigenin, murrayanine and safranal were identified in the extract. The extract (80-160 mg/kg) significantly protected mice against seizures and mortality induced by PTZ. The extract significantly increased the spontaneous alternation and the discrimination index in the Y maze and NOR tests, respectively. PTZ kindling induced oxidative/nitrosative stress, GABA depletion, neuroinflammation and neuronal cells death was strongly reversed by the extract. The results suggest that the anticonvulsant activity of Albizia adianthifolia extract is accompanied by its anti-amnesic property, and may be supported by the amelioration of oxidative stress, GABAergic transmission and neuroinflammation.

A New Triterpenoid Saponin from Albizia zygia Induced Apoptosis by Reduction of Mitochondrial Potential Status in Malignant Melanoma Cells.

In our ongoing research program on the proapoptotic function of saponins, two previously undescribed saponins, named zygiaosides E (1: ) and F (2: ), were isolated from the leaves of Albizia zygia. Their structures were established based on extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data, HR-ESI-MS analysis, and by chemical degradation. The proapoptotic effect of zygiaoside E (1: ) was evaluated on human malignant melanoma (A375), human epidermoid cancer (A431), and normal Homo sapiens skin tissue (TE 353.SK.) cell lines by cytometric analysis. Zygiaoside E (1: ) induced apoptosis of the two human cancer cell lines (A375 and A431) in a dose-dependent manner at 1 µM but did not induce apoptosis in noncancerous skin cells (TE 353.Sk), even when treated with concentrations up to 15 µM. The underlying mechanism of the apoptosis induction activity of zygiaoside E (1: ) on the mitochondrial membrane potential status in A375 cells was further assessed by monitoring the uptake rate of DiOC6, a mitochondrial specific and voltage-dependent fluorescent dye. The number of malignant melanoma cells emitting high fluorescence levels was decreased when cells were treated with 3 or 5 µM of zygiaoside E (1: ) during either 12 or 24 h, thereby revealing a drop of mitochondrial membrane potential in A375 cells upon treatment, which indicated mitochondrial perturbation.

Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Constituents from the Fruit of Albizia lebbeck L. Benth (Fabaceae).

Twenty-two compounds were isolated from the fruit of Albizia lebbeck including one unprecedented, rare amino acid-derived zwitterionic and one new flavone derivative. The isolation was performed on repeated column chromatography over silica gel and their structures were determined by 1D-, 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectra together with reported data in the literature. The chemophenetic significance is also discussed. Some isolated compounds were reported for the first time to be found in the species. Additionally, compound 2 showed antibacterial activity and compounds 1 and 2 revealed moderate cytotoxic activity against the Raw 264.7 cancer cell line with IC50 values of 37.19 µM and 29.36 µM, respectively. Furthermore, a proposed biosynthetic pathway of compound 1 is described.

Anti-diabetic and anti-lipidepmic effect of Albizia lebbeck seeds against HepG2 cells.

Albizia lebbeck has been a medicinally important plant for its pharmacological potential. This study aims to determine the in vitro antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-lipidemic potential of A. lebbeck seeds. The seed extracts were prepared in petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol. Crude methanolic extract (ME ext) was subjected further to sequential fractionation in increasing polarity based solvents. Extracts and fractions were analyzed for their antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-lipidemic potentials using hepatic cell line, HepG2. Results showed that crude extracts of A. lebbeck seeds specifically, ME ext are rich in polyphenols and flavonoids. ME ext has also shown highly significant antioxidant and alpha-amylase inhibition potential compared to petroleum ether and chloroform extracts. In vitro assays using different fractions of methanolic extract further highlighted the ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions exhibiting significant antioxidant and anti-diabetic potentials. Alpha-amylase inhibition coupled with enhanced glucose uptake of cells treated with ME ext and ethyl acetate fraction emphasized on significant anti-diabetic potential of the plant. Expression alteration of genes and reduced level of cholesterol suggested the lipid synthesis mediated anti-diabetic activity of the plant. It is therefore, concluded that A. lebbeck seed has significant antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-lipidemic potentials.

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and acute oral toxicity profile of leaf and bark extracts of Albizia procera.

BACKGROUND: Pain and inflammation are associatory events in cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis and other chronic diseases. Corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs exert potential side effects on long term use. This study was aimed to investigate the acute oral toxicity, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of leaf and bark extracts of Albizia procera in experimental animal models. METHODS: Ethyl acetate, ethanol, and hydroalcoholic extracts of Albizia procera (leaf and bark) were subjected for acute oral toxicity, anti-inflammatory and analgesic screening. Carrageenan and cotton pellet granuloma models were used to assess acute and chronic anti-inflammatory effects, respectively. Intraplanar formalin test was used to assess the analgesic activity. RESULTS: All the extracts of Albizia procera were found to be well-tolerated up to 2000 mg/kg in female rats. Ethanolic leaf (ETLE) and bark (ETBE) of Albizia procera showed anti-inflammatory actions. But, only ETBE produced significant protection in chronic inflammation and analgesic activity. CONCLUSION: In summary, Albizia procera possess significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. This study adds evidence on the traditional use of Albizia procera plant for treating painful inflammatory disorders.

The Standardized Wood Extract of Albizia myriophylla: Its Potential as an Active Ingredient in an Anti-inflammatory Herbal Gel Formulation.

Albizia myriophylla has been used in Thai folk medicine for treating inflammation-related diseases. The wood of this medicinal plant is traditionally used as a single herbal drug in the form of an aqueous decoction and as a component in several Thai herbal formulations for the remedy of fever, sore throat, and aphthous ulcers. This study aimed to evaluate in vivo the anti-inflammatory potential and possible mechanism of action of the standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla as well as to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity and physicochemical properties of the developed herbal gel formulation containing standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla. Results of quantitative HPLC analysis demonstrated that the standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla contained 22.95 mg/g of 8-methoxy-7,3',4'-trihydroxyflavone, a bioactive marker compound of A. myriophylla. The standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla (1% w/v) exhibited remarkable inhibition (54.4 - 80.3%) in the croton oil model of topical inflammation at all assessment times, comparable to standard indomethacin (55.3 - 63.6%). Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to clarify the anti-inflammatory mechanism of standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla, and the result showed that this standardized extract decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. The developed herbal gel containing standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla (1% w/w) had good physicochemical characteristics and exhibited potent inhibition (51.4 - 77.8%) of inflammation in a rat ear edema model at all assessment times, comparable to indomethacin gel (33.3 - 40.5%). The notable anti-inflammatory activity of standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla and its developed herbal gel formulation indicates their potential application as natural anti-inflammatory agents.

Development and cosmeceutical evaluation of topical emulgel containing Albizia lebbeck bark extract.

BACKGROUND: Antioxidants are widely used in cosmetic products as they have beneficial effects on skin and prevent skin from harmful effects of environment. Albizia lebbeck has a significant potential to be used in cosmeceuticals due to its antioxidant activity. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to formulate a stable and effective o/w emulsion-based emulgel containing Albizia lebbeck bark extract, which have considerable antioxidant activity. METHODOLOGY: Antioxidant activity of Albizia lebbeck bark extract was determined by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Emulgel containing 3% extract was developed by mixing o/w emulsion in Carbopol gel along with a placebo emulgel without extract (base). In vitro evaluation of these emulgels, that is, liquefaction, color, phase separation, centrifugation, and pH change were carried out for a period of 8 weeks at different storage conditions, that is, 8ºC, 25ºC, 40ºC, and 40ºC & 75% relative humidity (RH). In vivo evaluation of emulgels was carried out on 13 healthy female volunteers by measuring various parameters of skin, that is, melanin level, erythema level, moisture content, sebum content, and elasticity at regular time intervals after applying emulgel (both base and test formulation) for 8 weeks. RESULTS: Antioxidant activity of Albizia lebbeck bark extract was 84.7%. Both emulgels (base and test formulation) were stable at all storage conditions. Statistical analysis showed that test formulation produced significant effects (p < 0.05) on melanin, erythema level, moisture content, sebum level, and elasticity of skin. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that a stable topical emulgel containing 3% Albizia lebbeck bark extract has significant antioxidant effects on human skin.

Three Active Phytotoxic Compounds from the Leaves of Albizia richardiana (Voigt.) King and Prain for the Development of Bioherbicides to Control Weeds.

The global population is increasing day by day. To meet the food demand for such a huge number of people, crop production must increase without damaging the environment, and to prevent synthetic chemical herbicides from polluting the environment, controlling weeds using bioherbicides is essential. Accordingly, using phytotoxic substances obtained from plants for biological weed management has attracted attention. The plant Albizia richardiana possesses phytotoxic compounds that have been previously recorded. Hence, we have conducted this research to characterize more phytotoxic compounds in Albizia richardiana. Aqueous methanolic extracts of Albizia richardiana plant significantly restricted the growth of the examined plants lettuce and Italian ryegrass in a species- and concentration-dependent manner. Three active phytotoxic compounds were isolated through various chromatographic methods and identified as compound 1, 2, and 3. Compound 3 exhibited stronger phytotoxic potentials than the other two compounds and significantly suppressed the growth of Lepidium sativum (cress). The concentration of the compounds required for 50% growth reduction (I50 value) of the Lepidium sativum seedlings ranged between 0.0827 to 0.4133 mg/mL. The results suggest that these three phytotoxic compounds might contribute to the allelopathic potential of Albizia richardiana.

Biosynthesized ZnO Nanoparticles Using Albizia lebbeck Extract Induced Biochemical and Morphological Alterations in Wistar Rats.

Nano-based particles synthesized via green routes have a particular structure that is useful in biomedical applications as they provide cheap, eco-friendly, and non-toxic nanoparticles. In the present study, we reported the effect of various concentrations of Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using A. lebbeck stem bark extract (ZnO NPsAL) as stabilizing agent on rat biochemical profiles and tissue morphology. Adult Wistar rats weighing 170 ± 5 g were randomly classified into eight groups of five rats each; Group A served as a control fed with normal diet and water. Groups B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, D2, and E were treated with 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg of the 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 M biosynthesized ZnO NPsAL and zinc nitrate daily by the gavage method, respectively. The rats were anesthetized 24 h after the last treatment, blood samples, kidney, heart, and liver tissues were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis. The rats mean body weight, serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, bilirubin, protein, albumin, globulin, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and high-density lipoprotein were significantly altered with an increased concentration of biosynthesized ZnO NPsAL when compared with the control group (p < 0.05; n ≥ 5). Furthermore, histopathological analysis of treated rats' kidney, heart, and liver tissue revealed vascular congestion, tubular necrosis, inflammation, and cytoplasmic vacuolation. Biosynthesized ZnO NPsAL showed significant alteration in biochemical parameters and tissue morphology in rats with increasing concentrations of the nanoparticles.

(-)-Syringaresinol suppressed LPS-induced microglia activation via downregulation of NF-κB p65 signaling and interaction with ERß.

Albiziae Cortex (AC) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine with sedative-hypnotic effects and neuroprotective ability. However, the bioactive components of AC responsible for the neuro-protective actitivity remain unknown. Here, we investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of (-)-syringaresinol (SYR) extracted from AC in microglia cells and wild-type mice. As a result, (-)-SYR significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of interleukin - 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin -1 beta (IL-1ß), cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nitric oxide (NO) in BV2 microglia cells. (-)-SYR also significantly reduced M1 marker CD40 expression and increased M2 marker CD206 expression. Moreover, we found that (-)-SYR inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation by suppressing the translocation of NF-κB p65 into the nucleus in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, estrogen receptor ß (ERß) was found to be implied in the anti-inflammatory activity of (-)-SYR in BV2 microglia. In vivo experiments revealed that administration of (-)-SYR in mice significantly reduced microglia/astrocytes activation and mRNA levels of proinflammatory mediators. Taken together, our data indicated that (-)-SYR exerted the anti-neuroinflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB activation and modulation of microglia polarization, and via interaction with ERß. The anti-neuroinflammatory activity of (-)-SYR may provide a new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of brain diseases associated with inflammation.

Antitumor activity of Albizia lebbeck L. against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in vivo and HeLa and A549 cell lines in vitro.

AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the present study was to explore the antitumor activity of the ethanolic extract of Albizia lebbeck L. pods against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice and its cytotoxic effect against HeLa and A549 cell lines in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antitumor activity of ethanolic extract of A. lebbeck L. (ALEE) pods was evaluated in Swiss albino mice against EAC cell lines at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight which were given by intraperitoneal route of administration and was compared with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the reference standard. The extract and 5-FU were administered for 14 consecutive days. After 24 h of the last dose and 18 h of fasting, the mice were sacrificed and the antitumor effect of ALEE was assessed by evaluating tumor volume, viable and nonviable tumor cell count, increase in life span, and hematological parameters of EAC-bearing hosts.In vitro cytotoxicity has been assessed using (2,3-bis[2-Methoxy-4-nitro-5sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt assay method and was compared with cisplatin, the reference standard. RESULTS: ALEE showed direct cytotoxicity on EAC cells in a dose-dependent manner. ALEE exhibited a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the body weight, tumor volume, viable cell count, tumor weight, and elevated the life span of EAC tumor-bearing mice. Hematological profile such as red blood cell, hemoglobin, white blood cell, and platelet count was reverted to the normal level in ALEE-treated mice. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the ethanolic extract of A. lebbeck L. has a powerful antitumor activity because it was effective in significantly inhibiting the tumor growth in both in vivo and in vitro cancer cell lines.

Saponin with antibacterial activity from the roots of Albizia adianthifolia.

An unprecedented saponin is being reported herein together with five known compounds from the methanol extract of the roots of Albizia adianthifolia. The metabolites were obtained over repeated open column chromatography methods and spectroscopic followed by spectrometric techniques. The isolated compounds were tested against eleven Gram-negative bacteria including multidrug resistant strains. The results revealed considerable inhibition of the new saponin against the studied bacteria with MIC values ranging from 16 to 128 µg/mL.

Albizia lebbeck and Albizia zygia volatile oils exhibit anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties in pain models.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Albizia lebbeck and Albizia zygia are used in Nigeria, South Africa and other countries for the treatment of flu, fever, pain, epilepsy, and inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY: Application of plant essence for treating ailments is common among local communities. This research was designed to characterize the volatile compounds and evaluate the toxicity, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive properties of this plant species. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The volatile oils were analysed comprehensively utilizing gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using the HP-5 column. The toxicity was evaluated using the toxicity assay. The anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory assays were analysed by a hot plate, Formalin, and carrageenan-induced edema assays, respectively. RESULTS: The essential oils were obtained in a yield of 0.1% (v/w) calculated on a dry weight basis for both oils. The main compounds of A. lebbeck were 2-pentylfuran (16.4%), (E)-geranyl acetone (15.46%), (E)-α-ionone (15.45%) and 3-Octanone (11.61%), while the oil of A. zygia is mainly hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (33.14%), (E)-methyl isoeugenol (11.7%) and 2-methyl tetradecane (6.64%). The volatile oils are non-toxic to about 5000 mg/kg dose. Albizia zygia significantly (P < 0.001) suppressed the nociceptive afferent fibres in a non-dose dependent manner in comparison to A. lebbeck in the hot plate model. Both oils inhibited nociceptive mediators at both phases of the formalin-induced assay, with a maximum inhibition (100%) at the inflammatory stage. The volatile oils inhibited the Carrageenan-induced inflammation at all phases ranging from P < 0.05 to P < 0.001. The probable pro-inflammatory inhibitory mechanism might be the suppression of some pain biomarkers such as histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, and the Interleukins (ILs) induced by the edema. Volatile constituents such as ionones, eugenol derivatives and other compounds cause the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities reported. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of the volatile oils and bioassays of Albizia zygia, while the study also confirms previous studies of A. lebbeck. Generally, the findings further prove the use of the plants as pain ameliorating agents.

Quick and improved immune responses to inactivated H9N2 avian influenza vaccine by purified active fraction of Albizia julibrissin saponins.

BACKGROUND: H9N2 Low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) raises public health concerns and its eradication in poultry becomes even more important in preventing influenza. AJSAF is a purified active saponin fraction from the stem bark of Albizzia julibrissin. In this study, AJSAF was evaluated for the adjuvant potentials on immune responses to inactivated H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccine (IH9V) in mice and chicken in comparison with commercially oil-adjuvant. RESULTS: AJSAF significantly induced faster and higher H9 subtype avian influenza virus antigen (H9-Ag)-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b antibody titers in mice and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and IgY antibody levels in chicken immunized with IH9V. AJSAF also markedly promoted Con A-, LPS- and H9-Ag-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity. Furthermore, AJSAF significantly induced the production of both Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-10) cytokines, and up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and transcription factors in splenocytes from the IH9V-immunized mice. Although oil-formulated inactivated H9N2 avian influenza vaccine (CH9V) also elicited higher H9-Ag-specific IgG and IgG1 in mice and HI antibody titer in chicken, this robust humoral response was later produced. Moreover, serum IgG2a and IgG2b antibody titers in CH9V-immunized mice were significantly lower than those of IH9V alone group. CONCLUSIONS: AJSAF could improve antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, and simultaneously trigger a Th1/Th2 response to IH9V. AJSAF might be a safe and efficacious adjuvant candidate for H9N2 avian influenza vaccine.

Anticarcinogenic effect of gold nanoparticles synthesized from Albizia lebbeck on HCT-116 colon cancer cell lines.

Colon cancer is one of the major prevailing types of cancer worldwide. It has been the most important public health difficulty. Thus, we planned phytoconstituents arbitrated synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and examined their curative efficacy against the colon cancer (HCT-116) cells. In this current study, we formulated the AuNPs by using Albizia lebbeck (AL) aqueous leaf extract by the green method and synthesized AL-AuNPs were distinguished by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area (electron) diffraction (SAED) pattern, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Synthesized AL-AuNPs confirmed by the UV absorption highest at 535 nm and the crystal structure of AL-AuNPs was additionally established by XRD and SAED pattern. HR-TEM images explained the size and morphology allocation of nanoparticles. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of alkynes, aromatic compounds, and alkenes of biomolecules in AL-AuNPs. Furthermore, AL-AuNPs induced cytotoxicity at the IC50 concentration 48 µg/ml and also induced apoptosis by enhanced ROS production, decreased ΔΨm, apoptotic morphological changes by AO/EtBr and altering pro and anti-apoptotic protein expressions were analyzed in HCT-116 colon cancer cells. The findings of this investigation proved that the AL-AuNPs were revealed the potential anticancer activity against colon cancer (HCT-116) cells.

The ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of genus Albizia: A review.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The genus Albizia (Leguminosae) comprises about 150 species and some species have been used for the treatment of rheumatism, stomachache, cough, diarrhea, and wounds in traditional and local medicine. The aim of the review: This review article documents and critically assesses the current status of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the Albizia species. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All provided literatures on the Albizia species were searched using the electronic databases (e.g. Web of Science, Elsevier, Springer, PubMed, ACS, CNKI, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar), books, and theses with keywords of 'Albizia' and 'Albizzia'. RESULTS: Albizia species have been used for melancholia, insomnia, wounds, fever, abscesses, diabetes, headache, stomachache, diarrhea, cough, rheumatism, snake bite, malaria, and parasitic infection in traditional and local medicine. These plants mainly contain triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, lignanoids, alkaloids, phenolic glycosides, etc. Albizia species have been demonstrated to possess various pharmacological activities. Among them, the antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antifertility, antianxiety, antidepressant, and anti-fever properties are consistent with the traditional and local applications of the Albizia species. CONCLUSIONS: The traditional and local uses of Albizia species have been partially demonstrated by the pharmacological investigation. However, some traditional applications have not been assessed scientifically due to incomplete methodologies and ambiguous findings. Moreover, no clinical evidences support the health benefits of these plants. The systematic and comprehensive preclinical studies and clinical trials are still required to verify the pharmacological activities, clinical efficacy, and safety of Albizia species.

Network Pharmacology-based Research of Active Components of Albiziae Flos and Mechanisms of Its Antidepressant Effect.

Albiziae Flos (AF) has been experimentally proven to have an antidepressant effect. However, due to the complexity of botanical ingredients, the exact pharmacological mechanism of action of AF in depression has not been completely deciphered. This study used the network pharmacology method to construct a component-target-pathway network to explore the active components and potential mechanisms of action of AF. The methods included collection and screening of chemical components, prediction of depression-associated targets of the active components, gene enrichment, and network construction and analysis. Quercetin and 4 other active components were found to exert antidepressant effects mainly via monoaminergic neurotransmitters and cAMP signaling and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways. DRD2, HTR1A, and SLC6A4 were identified as important targets of the studied bioactive components of AF. This network pharmacology analysis provides guidance for further study of the antidepressant mechanism of AF.

Cytotoxycity and antiplasmodial activity of phenolic derivatives from Albizia zygia (DC.) J.F. Macbr. (Mimosaceae).

BACKGROUND: The proliferation and resistance of microorganisms area serious threat against humankind and the search for new therapeutics is needed. The present report describes the antiplasmodial and anticancer activities of samples isolated from the methanol extract of Albizia zygia (Mimosaseae). MATERIAL: The plant extract was prepared by maceration in methanol. Standard chromatographic, HPLC and spectroscopic methods were used to isolate and identify six compounds (1-6). The acetylated derivatives (7-10) were prepared by modifying 2-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, previously isolated from A. zygia (Mimosaceae). A two-fold serial micro-dilution method was used to determine the IC50s against five tumor cell lines and Plasmodium falciparum. RESULTS: In general, compounds showed moderate activity against the human pancreatic carcinoma cell line MiaPaca-2 (10 < IC50 < 20 µM) and weak activity against other tumor cell lines such as lung (A-549), hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7and A2058) (IC50 > 20 µM). Additionally, the two semi-synthetic derivatives of quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside exhibited significant activity against P. falciparum with IC50 of 7.47 ± 0.25 µM for compound 9 and 6.77 ± 0.25 µM for compound 10, higher than that of their natural precursor (IC50 25.1 ± 0.25 µM). CONCLUSION: The results of this study clearly suggest that, the appropriate introduction of acetyl groups into some flavonoids could lead to more useful derivatives for the development of an antiplasmodial agent.