RESUMEN
Three emerging strands of evidence are helping to resolve the causes of the anterograde amnesia associated with damage to the diencephalon. First, new anatomical studies have refined our understanding of the links between diencephalic and temporal brain regions associated with amnesia. These studies direct attention to the limited numbers of routes linking the two regions. Second, neuropsychological studies of patients with colloid cysts confirm the importance of at least one of these routes, the fornix, for episodic memory. By combining these anatomical and neuropsychological data strong evidence emerges for the view that damage to hippocampal-mammillary body-anterior thalamic interactions is sufficient to induce amnesia. A third development is the possibility that the retrosplenial cortex provides an integrating link in this functional system. Furthermore, recent evidence indicates that the retrosplenial cortex may suffer "covert" pathology (i.e., it is functionally lesioned) following damage to the anterior thalamic nuclei or hippocampus. This shared indirect "lesion" effect on the retrosplenial cortex not only broadens our concept of the neural basis of amnesia but may also help to explain the many similarities between temporal lobe and diencephalic amnesia.
Asunto(s)
Amnesia Anterógrada/fisiopatología , Daño Encefálico Crónico/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Amnesia Anterógrada/diagnóstico , Amnesia Anterógrada/psicología , Animales , Daño Encefálico Crónico/diagnóstico , Daño Encefálico Crónico/psicología , Diencéfalo/fisiopatología , Corteza Entorrinal/fisiopatología , Fórnix/fisiopatología , Hipocampo/fisiopatología , Humanos , Hipotálamo/fisiopatología , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Ratas , Lóbulo Temporal/fisiopatología , Núcleos Talámicos/fisiopatologíaAsunto(s)
Amnesia Anterógrada/fisiopatología , Amnesia Global Transitoria/fisiopatología , Dominancia Cerebral/fisiología , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Programas Informáticos , Tálamo/irrigación sanguínea , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión de Fotón Único , Amnesia Anterógrada/diagnóstico , Amnesia Anterógrada/diagnóstico por imagen , Amnesia Anterógrada/psicología , Amnesia Global Transitoria/diagnóstico , Amnesia Global Transitoria/diagnóstico por imagen , Amnesia Global Transitoria/psicología , Velocidad del Flujo Sanguíneo/fisiología , Cisteína/análogos & derivados , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Compuestos de Organotecnecio , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional/fisiología , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Anterograde amnesia and minimal retrograde amnesia with thalamic and hippocampal lesions in neuro-Behcet's disease is rare. A 50-year-old man presented with forgetfulness and severe memory disturbance after suffering multiple oral and genital aphthous ulcers with erythema nodosum. A neurological examination and a neuropsychological assessment revealed prominent anterograde memory impairment without focal neurological deficits. On brain MRI there were high signal intensity lesions involving right anterior thalamus, left posterior basal ganglia, and left hippocampus. This is a quite selective anterogrde memory deficit in a case of neuro-Behcet's disease caused by parenchymal lesions in the thalamus and hippocampus.