Assessment of the Anti-Cancer Efficiency of Silver Moringa oleifera Leaves Nano-extract against Colon Cancer Induced Chemically in Rats.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) categorized as the most common type of gastrointestinal cancers affected both genders equally. Chemotherapeutic drugs became limited due to their deleterious side effects. Therefore, efficiency of M. oleifera leaves extract increased by incorporating silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) then studied against colon cancer induced by azoxymethane (AOM) in rats. METHODS: Different hematological and biochemical measurements in addition to specific tumor and inflammatory markers were quantified. Histopathological examination for Colonic tissues was performed. Native proteins and isoenzyme patterns were electrophoretically detected in addition to assaying expression of Tumor Protein P53 (TP53) and Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) genes in colonic tissues. RESULTS: M. oleifera nano-extract restored levels of the hematological and biochemical measurements in addition to levels of tumor and inflammatory markers to normalcy in both of nano-extract simult- and post-treated groups. Also, it minimized severity of the histopathological alterations in the simult-treated group and prevented it completely in the post-treated group. The lowest similarity index (SI%) values were noticed with electrophoretic protein (SI=61.54%), lipid (SI=0.00%) and calcium (SI=75.00%) moieties of protein patterns, catalase (SI=85.71%), peroxidase (SI=85.71%), α-esterase (SI=50.00%) and ß-esterase (SI=50.00%) isoenzymes in addition to altering the relative quantities of total protein and isoenzyme bands in colon of cancer induced group. Moreover, levels of TP53 and APC gene expression increased significantly (P≤0.05) in colon cancer induced group. The nano-extract prevented the qualitative and quantitative alterations in the different electrophoretic patterns in addition to restoring levels of the gene expressions to normalcy in both of simult- and post-treated groups. CONCLUSION: M. oleifera nano-extract exhibited ameliorative effect against the biochemical, physiological and molecular alterations induced by AOM in nano-extract simult- and post-treated groups.
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Near-infrared photothermal immunoassay for pancreatic cancer biomarker CA 19-9 on a digital thermometer.

A near-infrared (NIR) photothermal immunoassay was designed for the sensitive monitoring of CA 19-9 on the capture antibody-coated microplate, coupling a 3D-printed device with a digital thermometer in this work. Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs)-encapsulated CaCO3 microspheres were not only utilized for labeling of detection antibody, but used as the photo-heat conversion materials for the signal amplification. With the sandwiched immunocomplex, the as-released PBNPs under acidic conditions adsorbed and converted NIR-light wavelength to heat under 808-nm laser irradiation, thereby resulting in the temperature change of the detection solution. Under optimum conditions, a linear range from 1.0 U mL-1 to 100 U mL-1 and a detection limit of 0.83 U mL-1 were acquired for the CA 19-9 detection on the portable photothermal immunosensing platform with PBNP-CaCO3-labeling system. Relative standard deviations for reproducibility were ≤9.7% for intra-assay and ≤11.9% for inter-assay. High specificity, long-time storage stability (>10 months) and good accuracy (relative to gold standard with commercial human ELISA kit) with the photothermal immunoassay were encountered for the evaluation of target CA 19-9 in complex system.

Interfering Effect of Black Tea Consumption on Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer by CA 19-9.

PURPOSE: The study aims to determine the possible effects of black tea consumption on the level of CA 19-9 antigen in the human body. METHODS: The level of CA 19-9 was measured in 270 healthy individuals who consumed heavy amounts of black tea. RESULTS: About 43.3 % of involved individuals were revealed to have elevated levels of CA 19-9. Males with high values of CA 19-9 represented the greatest number of involved individuals. The cutoff value of high levels of CA 19-9 in all individuals was ranged 69-105 U/ml. CONCLUSIONS: Consuming heavy amounts of black tea could be considered an important interfering factor that affects the levels of CA 19-9. The cutoff or predictive value of CA 19-9 in heavy-consuming people of black tea was determined.

Metabolic and immunologic consequences of ABH secretor and Lewis subtype status.

Determining ABH secretor phenotype and/or Lewis (Le) blood group status can be useful to the metabolically-oriented clinician. For example, differences in ABH secretor status drastically alter the carbohydrates present in body fluids and secretions; this can have profound influence on microbial attachment and persistence. Lewis typing is one genetic marker which might help identify subpopulations of individuals genetically prone to insulin resistance, autoimmunity, and heart disease. Understanding the clinical significance of ABH secretor status and the Lewis blood groups can provide insight into seemingly unrelated aspects of physiology, including variations in intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity, propensities toward blood clotting, reliability of some tumor markers, the composition of breast milk, and several generalized aspects of the immune function. Since the relevance of ABH blood group antigens as tumor markers and parasitic/bacterial/viral receptors and their association with immunologically important proteins is now well established, the prime biologic role for ABH blood group antigens may well be independent and unrelated to the erythrocyte.