RESUMEN
Phototherapy exhibits significant potential as a novel tumor treatment method, and the development of highly active photosensitizers and photothermal agents has drawn considerable attention. In this work, S and N atom co-doped carbon dots (S,N-CDs) with an absorption redshift effect were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis with lysine, o-phenylenediamine, and sulfuric acid as raw materials. The near-infrared (NIR) absorption features of the S,N-CDs resulted in two-photon (TP) emission, which has been used in TP fluorescence imaging of lysosomes and tumor tissue pH and real-time monitoring of apoptosis during tumor phototherapy, respectively. The obtained heteroatom co-doped CDs can be used not only as an NIR imaging probe but also as an effective photodynamic therapy/photothermal therapy (PDT/PTT) therapeutic agent. The efficiencies of different heteroatom-doped CDs in tumor treatment were compared. It was found that the S,N-CDs showed higher therapeutic efficiency than N-doped CDs, the efficiency of producing 1O2 was 27%, and the photothermal conversion efficiency reached 34.4%. The study provides new insight into the synthesis of carbon-based nanodrugs for synergistic phototherapy and accurate diagnosis of tumors.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Colorantes Fluorescentes/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/uso terapéutico , Puntos Cuánticos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/efectos de la radiación , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Carbono/química , Carbono/efectos de la radiación , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Colorantes Fluorescentes/efectos de la radiación , Fluorometría , Células HeLa , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Lisosomas/metabolismo , Ratones Desnudos , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Nitrógeno/química , Nitrógeno/efectos de la radiación , Fotones , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/química , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/efectos de la radiación , Fototerapia , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Puntos Cuánticos/efectos de la radiación , Oxígeno Singlete/metabolismo , Azufre/química , Azufre/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
Diaryl chalcogenide synthesis employing diaryl dichalcogenides and aryl halides as starting materials in the presence of excess magnesium and a catalytic amount of CuI/bipyridyl is significantly improved by microwave heating. Reaction times can be reduced from 2 to 3 days to 6-8 h. Both aryl bromides and aryl chlorides can be used as substrates in the substitution reaction. The procedure is useful not only for diaryl sulfide and diaryl selenide synthesis but also for the preparation of unsymmetrical diaryl tellurides. Starting from suitable aryl halides, the novel microwave-assisted procedure was used for the facile preparation of novel chalcogen analogues (PhS-, PhSe-, and PhTe-) of various antioxidants (ethoxyquin and 3-pyridinol). Attempts to use dialkyl dichalcogenides for the coupling of alkylchalcogeno moieties to aryl halides were only successful in the case of long-chain (such as n-octyl) disulfides and diselenides.