RESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cariogenicity of a milk-based drink intended for older adults that was used as part of a governmental initiative in Chile to improve their nutritional conditions. This drink contains a high concentration of sugars, which can contribute to root caries development. To test this hypothesis, an experimental biofilm/caries model was used. Dentin slabs were used to grow biofilms of Streptococcus mutans UA159. Slabs/biofilms were exposed 3× per day to bovine milk with different fat content, the milk-based drink, and the milk-based drink supplemented with 10 g of sucrose added per serving. Slabs exposed to 10% sucrose or 0.9% NaCl were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Biofilms were analyzed for bacterial counts and acidogenicity. Dentin demineralization was estimated by the loss of surface microhardness and integrated mineral loss. Results were compared by analysis of variance and Tukey's test. The milk-based drink showed higher acidogenicity than milk with its entire (whole) or reduced total fat content (skim). The milk-based drink supplemented with -sucrose had similar acidogenicity as the 10% sucrose positive control (p = 0.506). Whole milk exposure elicited lower bacterial counts than the positive control, the milk-based drink, and the milk-based drink supplemented with sucrose (p = 0.002; 0.006 and 0.014 respectively). Although skim milk induced higher demineralization than whole milk, both milk types produced lower demineralization than the milk-based drink. Regarding integrated mineral loss, demineralization induced by the milk-based drink and the milk-based drink supplemented with sucrose was similar to that induced by the positive control and skim milk (p > 0.05). Sugar-containing milk-based drinks used as dietary supplements for older adults may be highly cariogenic and could represent a potential risk for root caries.
Asunto(s)
Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Dieta Cariógena , Suplementos Dietéticos/efectos adversos , Leche/efectos adversos , Caries Radicular/etiología , Streptococcus mutans/fisiología , Animales , Carga Bacteriana , Bovinos , Chile , Humanos , Saliva , Cloruro de Sodio/efectos adversos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Sacarosa/efectos adversos , Desmineralización Dental/etiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The people of the Yayoi period (5th C b.c.-3rd C a.d.), who were the first wet-rice agriculturalists in ancient Japan, had carious lesions that were most frequently located on the root surfaces of their teeth. Root surface exposure is a prerequisite for this type of decay, and alveolar bone loss is the main cause of such exposure. Therefore, we identify the factors associated with root caries, and examine the relationship between root caries and alveolar bone loss in the people of the Yayoi period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed using 263 sets of ancient skeletal remains that are believed to be from the Yayoi period and that were excavated at 49 archaeological sites in western Japan. Using 5010 teeth found among the remains, we analysed the relationship between the prevalence of root caries and the cemento-enamel junction-alveolar crest (CEJ-AC) distance. RESULTS: The prevalence of root caries and the mean number of teeth with root caries per person were significantly correlated with age, the presence of coronal caries and the mean CEJ-AC distance per person. We also found that as the mean CEJ-AC distance per tooth surface increased, the percentage of the root surface affected by caries increased. Moreover, after excluding the lingual (palatal) side, the mean CEJ-AC distance per surface was significantly greater for those tooth surfaces with root caries. CONCLUSION: We present the first evidence that the occurrence of root caries correlated with the CEJ-AC distance in the Yayoi people of Japan.
Asunto(s)
Agricultura/historia , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/historia , Paleodontología , Caries Radicular/historia , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/complicaciones , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/patología , Proceso Alveolar/patología , Dieta/efectos adversos , Dieta/historia , Femenino , Historia Antigua , Humanos , Japón , Masculino , Oryza , Caries Radicular/etiología , Caries Radicular/patología , Cuello del Diente/patologíaRESUMEN
Controversy exists as to whether there is less secondary caries at the margins of glass ionomer restorations compared with other materials that do not release fluoride. This study examined the incidence of secondary caries for three types of restorative materials in Class V restorations in xerostomic patients. The study group consisted of 45 high caries-risk adult patients who had undergone head and neck irradiation for the treatment of cancer. All were substantially xerostomic and in need of at least three restorations in the same arch. Every patient received a restoration with each of the test materials, a conventional glass ionomer (GI), a resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) and a resin composite (C). Patients were instructed in the daily use of a neutral pH sodium fluoride gel in custom trays. Recall appointments were made at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, and the restorations were examined for material loss, marginal integrity and recurrent caries at the restoration margin. Fluoride compliance was determined at each recall period and recorded as the percentage of recommended use during that interval. Patients were categorized at the end of the study as fluoride non-users if their average compliance was 50% or less. Those with greater than 50% compliance were categorized as fluoride users. In the latter group, no recurrent caries was found for any of the restorations, whereas a material-dependent incidence of recurrent caries was found in the fluoride non-user group. None of the GI, one RMGI and eight C restorations failed due to recurrent caries. For the fluoride non-user patients, Fishers exact test (p=0.05) showed no statistical difference between GI and RMGI but statistical differences were found among those materials and resin composite at each recall period. Recurrent caries reductions for GI and RMGI relative to C were greater than 80% in xerostomic patients not using topical fluoride supplementation.
Asunto(s)
Cariostáticos , Resinas Compuestas , Restauración Dental Permanente/métodos , Cementos de Ionómero Vítreo , Maleatos , Caries Radicular/terapia , Dióxido de Silicio , Circonio , Adulto , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Irradiación Craneana/efectos adversos , Adaptación Marginal Dental , Fracaso de la Restauración Dental , Fluoruros Tópicos/administración & dosificación , Geles , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/radioterapia , Humanos , Cooperación del Paciente , Caries Radicular/etiología , Prevención Secundaria , Cuello del Diente , Xerostomía/complicaciones , Xerostomía/etiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this in vitro scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study was to evaluate the effects of combining low fluence argon laser (AL) irradiation and acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) treatment on the surface morphology of sound human root surfaces. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Previous in vitro investigations have shown that combined APF and AL irradiation of root surfaces provided a protective effect against cariogenic challenges. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve extracted human molars were sectioned into quarters, and each quarter assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: (1) no treatment/control; (2) low fluence (11.5 J/cm2) AL irradiation; (3) 1.23% APF for 4 minutes; (4) APF treatment followed by low fluence AL irradiation. Surface morphology alterations were compared among groups using SEM techniques. RESULTS: AL irradiation alone produced irregular textured surfaces with adherent globular material and fine microporsities in the background. APF treatment, alternatively, only created relatively smooth surface coatings that masked the original underlying root surface. Combining APF treatment followed by AL irradiation resulted in a surface coating composed of relatively small (2 to 3 microns) spherical to avoid precipitates, morphologically resembling calcium fluoride. CONCLUSION: Combining APF with AL irradiation may create a more reactive surface that possesses fluoride-rich mineral deposits and protects the underlying root surface from cariogenic challenges.
Asunto(s)
Fluoruro de Fosfato Acidulado/uso terapéutico , Terapia por Láser , Diente Molar/efectos de los fármacos , Diente Molar/efectos de la radiación , Caries Radicular/prevención & control , Factores de Edad , Terapia Combinada , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Diente Molar/ultraestructura , Caries Radicular/etiología , Remineralización Dental/métodosRESUMEN
Supragingival plaque and calculus indices, salivary flow rates, pH, ionic and total calcium concentrations, total phosphate concentration, and the number of cervical restorations and caries lesions were measured in 29 subjects using systemic beta-(beta) blockers and in 28 subjects who were not taking any systemic medication. After 8 weeks of normal oral hygiene following an oral prophylaxis, a second comparison of each of the above quantities was made. With the exception of the calculus indices and the incidence of cervical restorations, no significant differences were found for any of the measured quantities between the medicated and non-medicated groups at either examination. The medicated group showed significantly lower mean calculus values than the non-medicated group at both examinations and a higher incidence of cervical restorations at the baseline examination, suggesting that beta-blockers decrease the rate of mineralization in the oral cavity. Since beta-blockers did not appear to alter stimulated salivary pH, flow rate, phosphate, ionic calcium or total calcium concentrations, their effect on the mineralization processes must be attributed to other mechanisms. Two hypotheses appear plausible: changes in salivary mineralization rates caused by either direct physico-chemical effects of the secreted beta-blockers in the saliva, or by alterations in the salivary protein/glycoprotein composition, enzymes and oral bacterial flora owing to systemic pharmacological effects of beta-blockers.
Asunto(s)
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapéutico , Cálculos Dentales/prevención & control , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/efectos adversos , Anciano , Calcio/metabolismo , Índice de Placa Dental , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Índice de Higiene Oral , Fósforo/metabolismo , Caries Radicular/etiología , Saliva/química , Tasa de Secreción/efectos de los fármacos , Método Simple CiegoRESUMEN
Avaliaram-se clinicamente pacientes portadores de lesöes dentárias cervicais näo cariosas, relacionando-se com alguns aspectos físicos, químicos e mecânicos da cavidade bucal. Foram relacionados 100 pacientes de ambos os sexos e da faixa etária entre 18 a 75 anos, portadores de lesöes dentárias näo cariosas, localizadas na regiäo cervical dos dentes. Os pacientes relacionados responderam a um questionário envolvendo identificaçäo, registro dos hábitos de higiene bucal, alimentos e condiçäo de saúde. Era feito exame clínico, com classificaçäo da lesäo e sensibilidade dentinária, seguido de identificaçäo dos contatos oclusais do paciente em MIH, em lateralidade e protrusäo. Fazia-se o mapeamento oclusal com registro das características oclusais do paciente, documentaçäo radiográfica, fotográfica e confecçäo dos modelos de estudo. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados e concluiu-se que: 1) Pacientes do sexo masculino apresentaram maior prevalência de lesäo cervical näo cariosa; 2) Observou-se maior ocorrência de lesöes cervicais com hipersensibilidade em pacientes do sexo masculino; 3) Os pré-molares mostraram maior prevalência de lesöes cervicais seguidos dos molares, caninos e incisivos respectivamente; o mesmo foi encontrado com relaçäo a hipersensibilidade; 4) As lesöes cervicais e hipersensibilidade dentinária ocorreram mais frequentemente nos dentes superiores...