Biophysical Stimuli: A Review of Electrical and Mechanical Stimulation in Hyaline Cartilage.

OBJECTIVE: Hyaline cartilage degenerative pathologies induce morphologic and biomechanical changes resulting in cartilage tissue damage. In pursuit of therapeutic options, electrical and mechanical stimulation have been proposed for improving tissue engineering approaches for cartilage repair. The purpose of this review was to highlight the effect of electrical stimulation and mechanical stimuli in chondrocyte behavior. DESIGN: Different information sources and the MEDLINE database were systematically revised to summarize the different contributions for the past 40 years. RESULTS: It has been shown that electric stimulation may increase cell proliferation and stimulate the synthesis of molecules associated with the extracellular matrix of the articular cartilage, such as collagen type II, aggrecan and glycosaminoglycans, while mechanical loads trigger anabolic and catabolic responses in chondrocytes. CONCLUSION: The biophysical stimuli can increase cell proliferation and stimulate molecules associated with hyaline cartilage extracellular matrix maintenance.

[Novel small compound in combination with cell-sheet technology for articular cartilage regeneration].

Aiming at regeneration of articular cartilage, we have established stable lines of mouse chondrogenic ATDC5 cells expressing green fluorescent protein under the control of type II collagen promoter fused with four repeats of a SOX9 enhancer (COL2A1-GFP) , as a monitoring system for chondrogenic differentiation. A screening of natural and synthetic compound libraries using the system identified some novel compounds. Combined with cell-sheet technology, a novel small compound was applied to the treatment of full-thickness knee cartilage defects in murine and canine models.