Self-forming electroactive dynamic membrane for enhancing the decolorization of methyl orange by weak electrical stimulation.

An electroactive dynamic membrane (EADM), which enabled simultaneous solid-liquid separation and contaminants removal, has been developed by electrostimulation using domestic wastewater as inoculum. Results showed that both the control dynamic membrane (CDM), without electrical stimulation, and the EADM systems exhibited stable removal performance with chemical oxygen demand (COD), and a robustness in responding to a fluctuating organic load. With the introduction of a weak electrical field, the EADM transmembrane pressure (TMP) was significantly reduced (0.02 kPa/d) compared with the control (0.20 kPa/d). In the treatment of methyl orange (MO), the EADM system achieved a decolorization efficiency of 85.87 %, much higher than the control dynamic membrane (CDM) system (58.84 %), which can be attributed to electrical stimulation and H2 production on cathode. Microbial analysis has established that electrostimulation enriched the electroactive bacteria in the dynamic biofilm, and shaped the microbial structure, with improved contaminant removal. The results of this study highlight the potential of regulating the microbial community and creating a beneficial biofilm as a dynamic layer to facilitate contaminant removal.

Green Synthesis of NiO-SnO2 Nanocomposite and Effect of Calcination Temperature on Its Physicochemical Properties: Impact on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange.

Background: Nickel stannate nanocomposites could be useful for removing organic and toxic water pollutants, such as methyl orange (MO). Aim: The synthesis of a nickel oxide-tin oxide nanocomposite (NiO-SnO2 NC) via a facile and economically viable approach using a leaf extract from Ficus elastica for the photocatalytic degradation of MO. Methods: The phase composition, crystallinity, and purity were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The particles' morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The elemental analysis and colored mapping were carried out via energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The functional groups were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) was used to study the optical properties such as the absorption edges and energy band gap, an important feature of semiconductors to determine photocatalytic applications. The photocatalytic activity of the NiO-SnO2 NC was evaluated by monitoring the degradation of MO in aqueous solution under irradiation with full light spectrum. The effects of calcination temperature, pH, initial MO concentration, and catalyst dose were all assessed to understand and optimize the physicochemical and photocatalytic properties of NiO-SnO2 NC. Results: NiO-SnO2 NC was successfully synthesized via a biological route using F. elastica leaf extract. XRD showed rhombohedral NiO and tetragonal SnO2 nanostructures and the amorphous nature of NiO-SnO2 NC. Its degree of crystallinity, crystallite size, and stability increased with increased calcination temperature. SEM depicted significant morphological changes with elevating calcination temperatures, which are attributed to the phase conversion from amorphous to crystalline. The elemental analysis and colored mapping show the formation of highly pure NiO-SnO2 NC. FTIR revealed a decrease in OH, and the ratio of oxygen vacancies at the surface of the NC can be explained by a loss of its hydrophilicity at increased temperatures. All the NC samples displayed significant absorption in the visible region, and a blue shift is seen and the energy band gap decreases when increasing the calcination temperatures due to the dehydration and formation of compacted large particles. NiO-SnO2 NC degrades MO, and the photocatalytic performance decreased with increasing calcination temperature due to an increase in the crystallite size of the NC. The optimal conditions for the efficient NC-mediated photocatalysis of MO are 100 °C, 20 mg catalyst, 50 ppm MO, and pH 6. Conclusions: The auspicious performance of the NiO-SnO2 NCs may open a new avenue for the development of semiconducting p-n heterojunction catalysts as promising structures for removing undesirable organic pollutants from the environment.

Hypoxia responsive nano-drug delivery system based on angelica polysaccharide for liver cancer therapy.

Based on the tumor hypoxic microenvironment and the new programmed cell death mode of combined ferroptosis, an angelica polysaccharide-based nanocarrier material was synthesized. The polymer contains hydrophilic angelica polysaccharide (ASP) that is linked by azobenzene (AZO) linker with ferrocene (Fc), and then the side chain was covalently modified with arachidonic acid (AA). It was postulated that the polymer micelles could work as an instinctive liver targeting drug delivery carrier, owing to the existence of ASP with liver targeting. Moreover, the aim was to engineer hypoxia-responsive polymer micelles which was modified by AA, for selective enhancement of ferroptosis in solid tumor, via diminishing glutathione (GSH) under hypoxia. Finally, we synthesized the amphiphilic polymer micelles AA/ASP-AZO-Fc (AAAF) by self-assembling. The structure of AAAF was confirmed by 1H-NMR and FT-IR. Then, we exemplified the hydrophobic medication curcumin into polymer micelles AAAF@Cur, which has smooth and regular spheres. In vitro release test affirmed that AAAF@Cur can achieve hypoxia response to drug release. In addition, a series of cell experiments confirmed that hypoxia could enhance cell uptake and effectively improve the proliferation inhibitory activity of HepG2 cells. In conclusion, AAAF, as an effective cell carrier, is expected to develop in sensitizing ferroptosis and anti-tumor.

Phyto-Extract-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Sanvitalia procumbens, and Characterization, Optimization and Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dyes Orange G and Direct Blue-15.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) employing an aqueous plant extract has emerged as a viable eco-friendly method. The aim of the study was to synthesize AgNPs by using plant extract of Sanvitalia procumbens (creeping zinnia) in which the phytochemicals present in plant extract act as a stabilizing and reducing agent. For the stability of the synthesized AgNPs, different parameters like AgNO3 concentration, volume ratios of AgNO3, temperature, pH, and contact time were studied. Further, AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer) analysis. FT-IR analysis showed that the plant extract contained essential functional groups like O-H stretching of carboxylic acid, N-H stretching of secondary amides, and C-N stretching of aromatic amines, and C-O indicates the vibration of alcohol, ester, and carboxylic acid that facilitated in the green synthesis of AgNPs. The crystalline nature of synthesized AgNPs was confirmed by XRD, while the elemental composition of AgNPs was detected by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). SEM studies showed the mean particle diameter of silver nanoparticles. The synthesized AgNPs were used for photocatalytic degradation of Orange G and Direct blue-15 (OG and DB-15), which were analyzed by UV-visible spectroscopy. Maximum degradation percentage of OG and DB-15 azo dyes was observed, without any significant silver leaching, thereby signifying notable photocatalytic properties of AgNPs.

Hypoxia-Overcoming Breast-Conserving Treatment by Magnetothermodynamic Implant for a Localized Free-Radical Burst Combined with Hyperthermia.

For the purpose of improving the quality of life and minimizing the psychological morbidity of a mastectomy, breast-conserving treatment (BCT) has become the more preferable choice in breast cancer patients. Meanwhile, tumor hypoxia has been increasingly recognized as a major deleterious factor in cancer therapies. In the current study, a novel, effective, and noninvasive magnetothermodynamic strategy based on an oxygen-independent free-radical burst for hypoxia-overcoming BCT is proposed. Radical precursor (AIPH) and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are coincorporated within the alginate (ALG) hydrogel, which is formed in situ within the tumor tissue by leveraging the cross-linking effect induced by the local physiological Ca2+ with ALG solution. Inductive heating is mediated by IONPs under AMF exposure, and consequently, regardless of the tumor hypoxia condition, a local free-radical burst is achieved by thermal decomposition of AIPH via AMF responsivity. The combination of magnetic hyperthermia and oxygen-irrelevant free-radical production effectively enhances the in vitro cytotoxic effect and also remarkably inhibits tumor proliferation. This study provides a valuable protocol for an hypoxia-overcoming strategy and also an alternative formulation candidate for noninvasive BCT.

Photothermal-Enhanced Fenton-like Catalytic Activity of Oxygen-Deficient Nanotitania for Efficient and Safe Tooth Whitening.

The growing demand for charming smiles has led to the popularization of tooth bleaching procedures. Current tooth bleaching products with high-concentration hydrogen peroxide (HP, 30-40%) are effective but detrimental due to the increased risk of enamel destruction, tooth sensitivity, and gingival irritation. Herein, we reported a less-destructive and efficient tooth whitening strategy with a low-concentration HP, which was realized by the remarkably enhanced Fenton-like catalytic activity of oxygen-deficient TiO2 (TiO2-x). TiO2-x nanoparticles were synthesized with a modified solid-state chemical reduction approach with NaBH4. The Fenton-like activity of TiO2-x was optimized by manipulating oxygen vacancy (OV) concentration and further promoted by the near-infrared (NIR)-induced photothermal effect of TiO2-x. The TiO2-x sample named BT45 was chosen due to the highest methylene blue (MB) adsorption ability and Fenton-like activity among acquired samples. The photothermal property of BT45 under 808 nm NIR irradiation was verified and its enhancement on Fenton-like activity was also studied. The BT45/HP + NIR group performed significantly better in tooth whitening than the HP + NIR group on various discolored teeth (stained by Orange II, tea, or rhodamine B). Excitingly, the same tooth whitening performance as the Opalescence Boost, a tooth bleaching product containing 40% HP, was obtained by a self-produced bleaching gel based on this novel system containing 12% HP. Besides, negligible enamel destruction, safe temperature range, and good cytocompatibility of TiO2-x nanoparticles also demonstrated the safety of this tooth bleaching strategy. This work indicated that the photothermal-enhanced Fenton-like performance of the TiO2-x-based system is highly promising in tooth bleaching application and can also be extended to other biomedical applications.

Eco-biocompatibility of chitosan coated biosynthesized copper oxide nanocomposite for enhanced industrial (Azo) dye removal from aqueous solution and antibacterial properties.

In the present study, the biogenic synthesis of an ecofriendly and non-toxic chitosan (CS) coated copper oxide NPs (CS-CuO nanocomposite) using Psidium guajava aqueous leaf extract. The biogenic synthesized CS-CuO nanocomposite was characterized by using UV-vis spectroscopy analysis (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM-EDS), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The prepared CS-CuO nanocomposite was evaluated for antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method as well as minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were assessed against both Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis with good inhibition effects on Gram-negative bacteria than the Gram-positive bacteria. The interaction of the CS-CuO nanocomposite with the bacterial membrane was visually observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and the live/dead cells were differentiated by treatment with acridine orange and ethidium bromide dyes.

Biogenic synthesis of AgNPs employing Terminalia arjuna leaf extract and its efficacy towards catalytic degradation of organic dyes.

In the present work, we demonstrated the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by highly stable, economic and eco-friendly method using leaf extract of Terminalia arjuna (T. arjuna) and employing as a catalyst for the degradation of methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), congo red (CR) and 4- nitrophenol (4-NP). The biosynthesis of AgNPs was visually validated through the appearance of reddish-brown color and further confirmed by the UV-spectra at 418 nm. The TEM and FE-SEM studies revealed the spherical shape of particles with size ranged between 10-50 nm. Face centered cubic crystalline nature of AgNPs was proved by XRD analysis. The negative value of zeta potential (-21.7) indicated the stability of AgNPs and elemental composition was confirmed by EDS. FT-IR analysis revealed the functional groups present in the plant extract trigger the biosynthesis of AgNPs. The AgNPs exhibited strong degradation of MO (86.68%), MB (93.60%), CR (92.20%) and 4NP (88.80%) by completing the reduction reaction within 20 min. The reaction kinetics followed the pseudo-first-order and displayed k-values (rate constant) 0.166 min-1, 0.138 min-1, 0.182 min-1 and 0.142 min-1 for MO, MB, CR and 4-NP respectively. This study showed an efficient, feasible and reproducible method for the biosynthesis of eco-friendly, cheap and long-time stable AgNPs and their application as potent catalysts against the degradation of hazardous dyes.

Photocatalytic dye degradation and antimicrobial activities of Pure and Ag-doped ZnO using Cannabis sativa leaf extract.

A facile green route has been employed for the synthesis of ZnO and Ag-doped ZnO using Cannabis sativa as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized and tested for photocatalytic dye degradation and antimicrobial activity. The results suggested that nanoparticles have shown antimicrobial activity against different human pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal strains (Fusarium spp. and Rosellinia necatrix). Ag-doped nanoparticles comparatively have shown better removal Congo red and methyl orange under visible light. Therefore, green synthesized nanoparticles could have beneficial applications in environmental science and biological field.

Immobilization of novel inorganic nano-complexes onto MWCNT nanomaterials as a novel adsorbent and anti-inflammatory therapy in an induced model of rheumatoid arthritis.

Novel supported inorganic metal nano-complexes of Ag(I) and Co(II) derived from 4-amino-N-(4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl) benzene sulfonamide (SulMer) were synthesized using olive leaf extract as a reducing agent with grinding and microwave methods. The prepared samples were denoted as Comp1-6. The surface morphologies of the synthesized nanomaterials were analyzed using C, H, N, S analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV- visible spectroscopy, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. The data revealed that all the synthesized complexes exhibited a 1:1 metal-to-ligand ratio with a coordination number of 4 or 6. The mean particle size of the nanomaterial samples was 25-35 nm. The XRD patterns indicated a crystalline nature for the complexes. The supported inorganic metal nano-complexes displayed good activity in the adsorptive removal of Direct Red 81 (DR-81) from aqueous solutions. In addition, the effect of the supported metal nano-complexes on the immune system was studied as well as how these anti-inflammatory compounds could be used to treat many autoimmune diseases, most notably rheumatoid arthritis. An experimental model for arthritis can be induced using complete Freund's adjuvant. It was shown that the supported complex offers several advantages such stability, eco-friendliness, simple experimental conditions, short reaction times, and easy work- up.

Chemical constituents from wetland soil fungus Penicillium oxalicum GY1.

A new azo compound, penoxalin (1), a new isochroman carboxylic acid, penisochroman B (3), two new natural products, penisochroman A (2) and 2,6-dihydroxy-4-[(2R)-2-hydroxyheptyl] benzoic acid (4), together with four known compounds (5-8) were isolated from wetland soil fungus Penicillium oxalicum GY1. All structures were elucidated by extensive NMR spectroscopic evidences together with mass spectrometry. The absolute configuration of penoxalin (1) was determined by calculated ECD spectrum, while the absolute configuration of new natural product penisochroman A (2) was established for the first time by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, all compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity in vitro. 2, 6-Dihydroxy-4-[(2R)-2-hydroxyheptyl] benzoic acid (4) displayed significant cytotoxicity against human esophageal carcinoma cells OE19 with an IC50 value of 5.50 µM.

Efficient photocatalytic degradation of toxic Alizarin yellow R dye from industrial wastewater using biosynthesized Fe nanoparticle and study of factors affecting the degradation rate.

Development of highly robust and solar-light-responsive photocatalysts for the disposal of organic dyes from wastewater is a matter of great significance in order to solve the problems of water pollution. Solar-driven photocatalytic degradation of dyes is considered as a quite efficient, sustainable and cost-effective approach as it involved the inexhaustible and renewable source of energy. In photocatalytic processes, the generation of electron-hole pairs at the surface of the photocatalyst is accomplished by harvesting solar energy. The electron-hole pairs are converted into •OH radicals that are responsible for the degradation of dyes. Herein, we reported the synthesis of nanosized iron (FeNPs) using the aqueous fruit extract of Actinidia chinensis as a reducing as well as the stabilizing agent. The structure and morphology of synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using various advanced techniques. The TEM micrographs showed that the synthesized FeNPs was predominantly cubic and rod-shaped having the size in the range of 91.78-107 nm. The as-prepared FeNPs were acted as effective photocatalysts and their photocatalytic activity evaluated against alizarin yellow R (AYR) dye. The effect of different reaction conditions such as temperature, pH, time and catalyst loading on photocatalytic degradation of AYR dye was investigated under sunlight irradiation. The FeNPs showed promising photocatalytic activity and up to 93.7% of the dye was degraded in 42 h. The kinetics parameter of the reaction was also evaluated which showed that the photocatalytic degradation of AYR dye followed the pseudo-first-order reaction. In terms of better degradation, the role of FeNPs might be extended for the treatment of different organic dyes from wastewater.

Ecofriendly Synthesis of Fluorescent Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots from Coccinia grandis and its Efficient Catalytic Application in the Reduction of Methyl Orange.

Facile and fast hydrothermal process for the synthesis of nitrogen doped carbon dots (N-CDs) from Coccinia grandis (C. grandis) extract is discussed here. The morphology of prepared N-CDs was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) method. The optical properties of the prepared N-CDs were revealed by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopic techniques were employed to examine the crystallinity and graphitization of prepared N-CDs. The nitrogen doping was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The prepared nitrogen doped carbon dots released blue fluorescence at 405 nm beneath the excitation of 310 nm. The prepared N-CDs influenced the catalytic performance of NaBH4 in the reduction of methyl orange. The rate constant for the reduction of organic dye (methyl orange) by NaBH4 in the presence of the prepared green catalyst was also determined.

A green approach to synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using jujube fruit extract and their application in photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a green method in the presence of jujube fruit extract as a reducing agent and a stabilizer. The characteristics of the NPs were determined by various analyses, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results suggest that high quality ZnO NPs in terms of size distribution and morphology were synthesized. The obtained NPs were then used as photocatalyst to degrade two organic dyes, methylene blue (MB) and eriochrome black-T (ECBT) in a model wastewater under direct sunlight. The kinetics of photodegradation of the aforesaid organic dyes was also studied. ZnO NPs exhibited a great photocatalytic performance, which resulted in degradation efficiencies of about 92% and 86% within 5 h at the rate constants of 8.7 × 10-3 min-1 and 6.7 × 10-3 min-1 for MB and ECBT, respectively. Moreover, the NPs demonstrated stable photocatalytic activity after sequential degradation experiments.

Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots from Averrhoa carambola Fruit Extract as a Fluorescent Probe for Methyl Orange.

In this study, a simple and green hydrothermal treatment was performed to prepare nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) from Averrhoa carambola (AC) fruit extract as a carbon precursor and L-arginine (Arg) as a nitrogen dopant. The AC-NCDs were characterized by UV light, fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and zeta potential analyzer. The AC-NCDs were spherical and the average diameter was estimated to be 6.67 nm. The AC-NCDs exhibited the maximum emission intensity at 446 nm with 360 nm excitation wavelength. The fluorescence quenching behavior of AC-NCDs after interacting with methyl orange (MO) dye was studied. The interaction of AC-NCDs and MO was achieved within 3 min and the fluorescence quenching was maintained to a fixed value even after 30 min. The linearity was obtained in the range of 1 to 25 µM MO with a 0.30 µM detection limit. Furthermore, the pH values affected the quenching behavior of the AC-NCDs/MO system where the interaction mechanisms were driven by the electrostatic interaction, π-π interaction, inner filter effect, and energy transfer. The pH 5 maintained higher quenching efficiency while other pH values slightly decreased the quenching efficiency. Incoming applications, the AC-NCDs can be used in various important fields, especially for environmental protection.

Optical Properties of Methyl Orange-Doped Droplet and Photodynamic Therapy of Staphylococcus aureus.

Dye-doped droplets are known as mixtures of dyes with uniform solutions of water droplets in a continuous phase of oils with surfactants. To observe the relationship between water droplet structures and surfactant types on optical properties of dyes, a mixture of methyl orange (MO)-doped droplet prepared with benzane and hexane as oils and sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) as a surfactant was thus examined using Z-scan instrument, spectrophotometer, and fluorimeter in the present study. The findings revealed that nonlinear refractive (NLR) index, nonlinear absorption (NLA) coefficient, as well as fluorescence intensity of the MO had enhanced following a reduction in the droplet water content induced by changes in the non-centrosymmetric charge density distribution of this pH indicator. Moreover, the MO-doped droplet in a continuous phase of benzene investigated by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy indicated that the MO had been located in the droplet in the vicinity of the hydrophilic part of the surfactant. Furthermore, the MO-doped droplets along with laser radiation were employed to perform antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). It was ultimately concluded that the bacteria colony had also extremely diminished in the group treated by the MO-doped droplet.

Alpinia nigra fruits mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial and photocatalytic activities.

In the present systematic study, silver nanoparticles have been synthesized using the fruits of Alpinia nigra. Apart from the presence of saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, steroids, the extract of A. nigra fruits are rich in polyphenols. The Total Flavonoid and Phenol Content of A. nigra fruits extract is 718 mgRE/g extract and 74.9 mgGAE/g extract respectively. The formation of the nanoparticles was validated through characterization techniques like UV-Vis spectroscopy, X- ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The spherical shape of silver nanoparticles is observed in Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images. The average particle size of the silver nanoparticles is 6 nm. The biomolecules of the fruit extract played the dual role of reducing and capping agents which is evident from Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image analysis. The A. nigra capped silver nanoparticles exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against gram negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and the pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans. Amongst the three pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most susceptible to silver nanoparticles. Furthermore, the nanoparticles efficiently catalysed the degradation of the anthropogenic dyes Methyl orange, Rhodamine B and Orange G in the presence of sunlight. The photocatalytic degradation process follows the pseudo-first order kinetics. These results confirm that the silver nanoparticles can be efficiently synthesized via a green route using A. nigra fruits with applications as antimicrobial and catalytic agents.

Pyridine azo disperse dye derivatives and their selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs): synthesis, fastness properties, and antimicrobial evaluations.

AIM: Aiming to produce pyridine azo disperse dyes with good fastness properties and promising antimicrobial activity, a number of novel systems of polyfunctionalized pyridine azo dyes and their selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were synthesized. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The synthesized products were formed by the reaction of diazotized aniline derivatives or diazotized amino antipyrene with any of dibenzoyl methane or benzoyl acetone and cyanoacetamide in boiling ethanolic sodium ethoxide. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis and spectral data. Moreover, (SeNPs) of the pyridine azo disperse dyes were characterized by Ultra-Violet -Visible spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering , X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscope analysis. On the other hand, the synthesized dyes and its (SeNPs) were applied for disperse dyeing of nylon 66 and their fastness properties were measured, such as washing, rubbing, perspiration, and light fastness. In addition, the antimicrobial activities for all the synthesized compounds and for (SeNPs) prepared compounds (2bN, 2cN, 2fN, 2gN, 2hN) were evaluated. RESULTS: Compounds 2bN, 2c, 2cN, 2fN, 2gN, 2h, 2hN, and 2i were the most active compounds against all Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species. While, compounds 2b, 2f, 2g, and 5b were the most active toward some of the bacterial strains (at least two from the selected four strains). Moreover, compounds 2bN, 2cN, 2fN, 2gN, 2h, 2hN showed higher activity toward the fungal strain. Also, the minimal inhibitory concentrations for all the most active compounds were determined. CONCLUSION: Finally, all the (SeNPs) compounds revealed higher activity against bacterial and fungal strains than the other synthesized compounds.

BHQ-Cyanine-Based "Off-On" Long-Circulating Assembly as a Ferroptosis Amplifier for Cancer Treatment: A Lipid-Peroxidation Burst Device.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death caused by accumulation of lipid peroxidation (LPO), which is a new strategy for cancer treatment. Th current ferroptosis therapy nanodevices have low efficiency and side effects generally. Hence, we developed a Black Hole Quencher (BHQ)-based fluorescence "off-on" nanophotosensitizer complex assembly (CSO-BHQ-IR780-Hex/MIONPs/Sor). CSO-connected BHQ-IR780-Hex and -loaded magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) and sorafenib (Sor) formed a very concise functionalized delivery system. CSO-BHQ-IR780-Hex disassembled by GSH attack and released IR780-Hex, MIONPs, and sorafenib. IR780-Hex anchored to the mitochondrial membrane, which would contribute to amplifying the efficiency of the photosensitizer. When NIR irradiation was given to CSO-BHQ-IR780-Hex/MIONPs/Sor-treated cells, iron supply increased, the xCT/GSH/GPX-4 system was triggered, and a lot of LPO burst. A malondialdehyde test showed that LPO in complex assembly-treated cells was explosive and increased about 18-fold compared to the control. The accumulation process of particles was monitored by an IR780-Hex photosensitizer, which showed an excellent tumor target ability by magnetic of nanodevice in vivo. Interestingly, the half-life of sorafenib in a nanodevice was increased about 26-fold compared to the control group. Importantly, the complex assembly effectively inhibits tumor growth in the breast tumor mouse model. This work would provide ideas in designing nanomedicines for the ferroptosis treatment of cancer.

Biosynthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles and their photocatalytic and antimicrobial activity evaluation for wound healing applications in nursing care.

Greener way of synthesizing nanoparticles has emerged as a substitute method, as it is ecological and cost effectual. Numerous efforts have been completed for green synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2O NPs) by various plant extracts. Current work disclosed the green combustion synthesis of Ag2O NPs by using Lippia citriodora plant powder. Furthermore, photocatalytic properties of Ag2O NPs were studied on acid orange 8(AO8) dye was assessed under UV light irradiation. The catalyst shows good photocatalytic activity (PCA) for the degradation of AO8 dye, NPs synthesized by Lippia citriodora powder shows high percentage of degradation. The Ag2O NPs act as excellent antibacterial against S. Aureus and antifungal activity against A. Aureus. Further wound healing studies in excision skin wound model in albino wistar rats showed the effective wound healing activity of Ag2O NPs incorporated hydrogels compared to untreated and plant extract treatments. The majority upshot of this research will be recommended that biologically synthesized Ag2O from Lippia citriodora plant powder has more valuable against various disease-causing pathogens and hence could be useful for developing wound dressing agents for nursing care.