Eutanasia, empatía, compasión y Derechos Humanos / Euthanasia, empathy, compassion and Human Rights

Lo problemático en el estudio de la empatía es su ausencia ante el sufrimiento ajeno. La eutanasia resalta el conflicto moral sobre sufrir o dejar de sufrir frente una enfermedad irreversible y dolorosa. Analizaré el conflicto que presenta el respeto pleno por el principio de dignidad humana, establecido en el artículo 51 del Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación Argentina, en relación con las directivas médicas anticipadas que impliquen una práctica eutanásica que, en función del artículo 60 del mismo cuerpo legal, se deberán tener por no escritas. Dos preguntas cerradas guiarán el análisis: ¿Menoscaba a la dignidad humana la eutanasia, en su modalidad activa? ¿Resulta justa o injusta la restricción a la autonomía personal en relación a la eutanasia? Finalmente, exploraré el rol de la compasión en la eutanasia (AU)

What is problematic in the study of empathy is his absence to the suffering of others. Euthanasia highlights the moral conflict about suffering or stop suffering facing at an irreversible and painful illness. I will analyze the conflict that has full respect of human dignity, laid down in Article 51 of the Civil and Commercial Code of Argentina, in relation to advance medical directives that involve a practice euthanasia, according to the Article 60 of the same legal body, should not be written. Two closed questions will guide this analysis in order to reflect on them: Does euthanasia undermines the human dignity, in its active mode? Is it fair or unfair the restriction of personal autonomy in relation to euthanasia? Finally, I will explore what the role of compassion in euthanasia (AU)

Medicinas indígenas e as políticas da tradição: entre discursos oficiais e vozes indígenas / Indigenous medicine and the politics of tradition: between official speeches and indigenous voices

Compreender o processo de emergência das medicinas tradicionais indígenas no campo das políticas públicas de saúde indígena é o objetivo deste livro, que analisa os discursos proferidos por uma diversidade de atores ­ indígenas e não indígenas, governamentais e não governamentais, nacionais e internacionais. Dessa forma, a obra revela uma dinâmica que vai do global e ao local, e transforma os contextos envolvidos, originando novas formações culturais. As políticas públicas que qualificam os seus objetos e público-alvo com a categoria 'tradição' conformam uma formação discursiva, definida pela autora como 'políticas da tradição'. Um exemplo são as políticas voltadas à saúde indígena, que têm buscado reconhecer a eficácia das medicinas tradicionais indígenas e articulá-las com o sistema oficial de saúde. No entanto, "ao serem apropriados pelos povos indígenas, os discursos oficiais são postos a serviço dos seus interesses culturalmente situados ­ assim, estamos diante do fenômeno da indigenização", diz a pesquisadora. E essa 'indigenização' se refere aos processos "levados a efeito pelos povos indígenas ao se apropriarem das políticas públicas a fim de manter a sua autonomia e reverter a seu favor o controle que o Estado passa a exercer sobre o mundo da vida de suas comunidades". O livro busca contribuir para a consolidação do direito indígena à atenção diferenciada à sua saúde, considerando as relações historicamente construídas entre povos indígenas e Estado.

Sick certificates issued by South African traditional health practitioners: current legislation, challenges and the way forward.

Traditional health practitioners (THPs) play a significant role in South African healthcare. However, the Basic Conditions of Employment Act (BCEA) does not consider sick notes issued by THPs to be valid. This creates a dilemma for employees, whose right to consult a practitioner of their choice is protected by the Constitution. We assessed the current legislation and highlight the challenges that employees face in selecting a healthcare system of their choice. The services of THPs represent an untapped capacity that can complement and strengthen healthcare services, especially in the workforce. The BCEA legislative technicality, coupled with the delayed establishment of the Interim THP Council, does not relieve the employer's burden of 'illegitimate' medical certificates issued by THPs. While seen as a dilemma for some employers, others have accommodated African cultural beliefs and accept THP-issued sick notes. Finalising the Interim THP Council will allow THP registration and oblige employers to honour sick notes issued by THPs. The empowerment of THPs to play a meaningful role in healthcare delivery is of national importance.

Mental illness and ethnicity - being a stateless person (apatride).

The main aim of this study has been to perceive the state of mentally ill stateless person hospitalized in Psychiatric Hospital Rab, Croatia with forensic status. This is a case report of such a person, F.V., 25 years old female, with no documents and other affirmed auto and heteroanamnestic data. Her psychical state and ability of communication do not allow realization of certain autoanamnesis and in the same time she has no family or relatives to give heteroanamnestic data. It is also unknown exact date and place of birth. Only certain data were that she lived in many orphanages, refugees' camps and communes in several European countries. She immigrated illegally in Croatia where she has made some criminal acts and earned forensic status. We tried to evaluated the complex status of our patient from several points of view and tried to answer to the questions where to start and what to do with such a person to do the best for her and including her human rights. As a conclusion, we could say that holistic and individual approach to such patients has been necessary with engagement of many profiles of professionals.

El alcance del derecho a la vida en relación con el concebido según el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos

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[A suffering person's rights in the light of John Paul II's teaching]. / Czlowiek cierpiacy i jego prawa w swietle nauczania Jana Pawla II.

The rights of a human being constitute the deepest basis of social obligations towards a suffering person. A list of these rights, apart from the basic right to live, enumerates many ithers. For a suffering person the most important ones are: the right to social welfare, protection against suffering, spiritual development. In John Paul IIs social teaching special emphasis is put on the issue of the rights of a suffering person, which constitutes a part of the civilisation of life which the Pope promulgates.