RESUMEN
Context: Rebound acid hypersecretion after cessation of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can provoke dyspeptic symptoms. The search for alternatives to minimize the dyspeptic rebound symptoms after PPI discontinuation is warranted. Spirulina platensis, a dietary supplement made from blue-green algae, might be an alternative. Objective: The study intended to assess whether Spirulina platensis, through its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, can minimize rebound symptoms after PPI withdrawal. Design: The research team performed a randomized, phase 2, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Setting: The study took place at São Vicente de Paulo Hospital (trial registry number NCT04988347) in Passo Fundo, Brazil. Participants: Participants were 45 Brazilian patients in the clinical practice of two of the research team's member between November 2010 and February 2012, who were using PPIs regularly. Interventions: Participants underwent clinical and endoscopic evaluations after a 28-day run-in phase of 40 mg/day of pantoprazole. In the absence of a large hiatal hernia, peptic ulcer, or severe reflux esophagitis, participants stopped using PPIs, and the research team randomly assigned them to receive either 1.6g/day of spirulina or of a placebo for two months, followed by clinical and endoscopic reevaluations. Outcome measures: Using an intention-to-treat analysis, the primary outcomes postintervention were dyspepsia and typical reflux symptoms, either the appearance or maintenance of symptoms of >50% from baseline. Results: The median time of continuous PPI use was 32 months. The research team excluded two participants due to large hiatal hernias. Among the remaining 43 participants, 18 received spirulina (42%), and 25 used a placebo (58%). Two months later, 12 participants who had received spirulina (67%) and 18 who had received the placebo (72%) completed the study (P = .968). Rebound dyspepsia occurred in 10 out of 18 patients treated with spirulina (55.56%) and in 22 out of 25 patients treated with placebo (88%), with relative risk=0.63, CI95% (0.41-0.98), and P = .039. Reflux symptoms postintervention occurred in 72% and 76%, with the relative risk=0.95, CI95% (0.66-1.36), and P > .05, respectively. No significant side effects occurred in either group. The findings from endoscopy and gastric histology didn't differ between groups. Conclusions: A two-month course of Spirulina platensis was able to attenuate rebound dyspepsia but not reflux symptoms after PPI discontinuation. Considering its good safety profile, spirulina might be useful to relieve dyspeptic symptoms after PPI discontinuation.
Asunto(s)
Dispepsia , Spirulina , Humanos , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones/efectos adversos , Dispepsia/tratamiento farmacológico , Dispepsia/prevención & control , Dispepsia/inducido químicamente , Pantoprazol/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The benefits of ingesting exogenous carbohydrate (CHO) during prolonged exercise performance are well established. A recent food technology innovation has seen sodium alginate and pectin included in solutions of multiple transportable CHO, to encapsulate them at pH levels found in the stomach. Marketing claims include enhanced gastric emptying and delivery of CHO to the muscle with less gastrointestinal distress, leading to better sports performance. Emerging literature around such claims was identified by searching electronic databases; inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials investigating metabolic and/or exercise performance parameters during endurance exercise >1 hr, with CHO hydrogels versus traditional CHO fluids and/or noncaloric hydrogels. Limitations associated with the heterogeneity of exercise protocols and control comparisons are noted. To date, improvements in exercise performance/capacity have not been clearly demonstrated with ingestion of CHO hydrogels above traditional CHO fluids. Studies utilizing isotopic tracers demonstrate similar rates of exogenous CHO oxidation, and subjective ratings of gastrointestinal distress do not appear to be different. Overall, data do not support any metabolic or performance advantages to exogenous CHO delivery in hydrogel form over traditional CHO preparations; although, one study demonstrates a possible glycogen sparing effect. The authors note that the current literature has largely failed to investigate the conditions under which maximal CHO availability is needed; high-performance athletes undertaking prolonged events at high relative and absolute exercise intensities. Although investigations are needed to better target the testimonials provided about CHO hydrogels, current evidence suggests that they are similar in outcome and a benefit to traditional CHO sources.
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Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Suplementos Dietéticos , Dispepsia/prevención & control , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Hidrogeles , Resistencia Física/fisiología , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/metabolismo , Dispepsia/etiología , Metabolismo Energético , Vaciamiento Gástrico , Humanos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Oxidación-ReducciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The COGENT (Clopidogrel and the Optimization of Gastrointestinal Events Trial) showed that proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) safely reduced rates of gastrointestinal (GI) events in patients requiring dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). However, utilization of appropriate prophylactic PPI therapy remains suboptimal, especially with low-dose aspirin. OBJECTIVES: The authors investigated the safety and efficacy of PPI therapy in patients receiving DAPT in low- and high-dose aspirin subsets. METHODS: Randomized patients with available aspirin dosing information in COGENT (N = 3,752) were divided into "low-dose" (≤ 100 mg) and "high-dose" (>100 mg) aspirin groups. The primary GI and cardiovascular endpoints were composite upper GI events and major adverse cardiac events, respectively. All events were adjudicated by independent, blinded gastroenterologists and cardiologists. RESULTS: Median duration of follow-up was 110 days. Low-dose aspirin users (n = 2,480; 66.1%) were more likely to be older, female, and have higher rates of peripheral artery disease, prior stroke, and hypertension, whereas high-dose aspirin users (n = 1,272; 33.9%) had higher rates of hyperlipidemia, smoking, a history of percutaneous coronary intervention, and were more than twice as likely to be enrolled from sites within the United States (80.4% vs. 39.8%). High-dose aspirin was associated with similar 180-day Kaplan-Meier estimates of adjudicated composite GI events (1.7% vs. 2.1%; adjusted hazard ratio: 0.88; 95% confidence interval: 0.46 to 1.66) and major adverse cardiac events (4.8% vs. 5.5%; adjusted hazard ratio: 0.73; 95% confidence interval: 0.48 to 1.11) compared with low-dose aspirin. Randomization to PPI therapy reduced 180-day Kaplan-Meier estimates of the primary GI endpoint in low-dose (1.2% vs. 3.1%) and high-dose aspirin subsets (0.9% vs. 2.6%; p for interaction = 0.80), and did not adversely affect the primary cardiovascular endpoint in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Gastroprotection with PPI therapy should be utilized in appropriately selected patients with coronary artery disease requiring DAPT, even if the patients are on low-dose aspirin. (Clopidogrel and the Optimization of Gastrointestinal Events Trial [COGENT]; NCT00557921).
Asunto(s)
Aspirina/administración & dosificación , Omeprazol/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones/uso terapéutico , Ticlopidina/análogos & derivados , Anciano , Aspirina/efectos adversos , Clopidogrel , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Quimioterapia Combinada , Dispepsia/inducido químicamente , Dispepsia/prevención & control , Femenino , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/inducido químicamente , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/prevención & control , Humanos , Obstrucción Intestinal/inducido químicamente , Obstrucción Intestinal/prevención & control , Perforación Intestinal/inducido químicamente , Perforación Intestinal/prevención & control , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología , Revascularización Miocárdica/estadística & datos numéricos , Dolor/inducido químicamente , Dolor/prevención & control , Úlcera Péptica/inducido químicamente , Úlcera Péptica/prevención & control , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/efectos adversos , Estudios Prospectivos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Ticlopidina/administración & dosificación , Ticlopidina/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Inulin is a natural food component found in many plants that are part of the human diet (e.g., leeks, onions, wheat, garlic, chicory and artichokes). It is added to many foods and is used to increase dietary fibre, replace fats or carbohydrates, and as a prebiotic (a stimulant of beneficial bacteria in the colon). Oligofructose, which is also present in these foods, produces similar effects and most research has used a combination of these products. A previous study (Smith, 2005) investigated the effects of regular consumption of oligofructose-enriched inulin on wellbeing, mood, and cognitive performance in humans. The results showed that oligofructose-enriched inulin had no negative effects but that it did not improve wellbeing, mood, or performance. The aim of the present study was to examine the acute effects of oligofructose-enriched inulin (5 g) over a 4 h period during which the participants remained in the laboratory. A double blind placebo (maltodextrin) controlled study (N = 47) was carried out with the order of conditions being counterbalanced and the two sessions a week apart. On each test day mood and cognitive performance were assessed at baseline (at 8:00) and then following inulin or placebo (at 11:00). Prior to the second test session (at 10:30) participants completed a questionnaire assessing their physical symptoms and mental health during the test morning. The inulin and placebo were provided in powder form in 5 g sachets. Volunteers consumed one sachet in decaffeinated tea or decaffeinated coffee with breakfast (9:00). Questionnaire results showed that on the day that the inulin was consumed, participants felt happier, had less indigestion and were less hungry than when they consumed the placebo. As for performance and mood tasks, the most consistent effects were on the episodic memory tasks where consumption of inulin was associated with greater accuracy on a recognition memory task, and improved recall performance (immediate and delayed). Further research is required to identify the mechanisms that underlie this effect with glucose metabolism being one candidate.
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Afecto/efectos de los fármacos , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Digestión/efectos de los fármacos , Hambre/efectos de los fármacos , Inulina/farmacología , Recuerdo Mental/efectos de los fármacos , Oligosacáridos/farmacología , Adulto , Autoevaluación Diagnóstica , Dieta , Fibras de la Dieta/farmacología , Método Doble Ciego , Dispepsia/prevención & control , Femenino , Felicidad , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Prebióticos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Postprandial symptoms of fullness and abdominal discomfort are common after fatty meals. Gastric lipases hydrolyze 10% to 20% of dietary triglycerides during the stomach trituration period of digestion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of acid-resistant lipase on upper gastrointestinal symptoms, including fullness and bloating, as well as on gastric myoelectrical activity after healthy subjects ingested a high-fat, liquid meal. METHODS: This study utilized a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design with 16 healthy volunteers who ingested either a capsule containing 280 mg of acid-resistant lipase or a placebo immediately before a fatty meal (355 calories, 55% fat). Participants rated their stomach fullness, bloating, and nausea before and at timed intervals for 60 minutes after the meal. Electrogastrograms were obtained to assess the gastric myoelectrical activity. RESULTS: Stomach fullness, bloating, and nausea increased significantly 10 minutes after ingestion of the fatty meal (p<0.01), whereas normal gastric myoelectrical activity decreased and tachygastria increased (p<0.05). With lipase, reports of stomach fullness were significantly lower compared with placebo (p<0.05), but no effect on gastric myoelectrical activity or other upper gastrointestinal symptoms was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The high-fat meal induced transient fullness, bloating, nausea, and tachygastria in healthy individuals, consistent with postprandial distress syndrome. Acid-resistant lipase supplementation significantly decreased stomach fullness.
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Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Dispepsia/prevención & control , Lipasa/administración & dosificación , Estómago/efectos de los fármacos , Dolor Abdominal/etiología , Dolor Abdominal/psicología , Adulto , Estudios Cruzados , Dieta Alta en Grasa/psicología , Método Doble Ciego , Dispepsia/etiología , Dispepsia/psicología , Femenino , Motilidad Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Motilidad Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Masculino , Comidas , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complejo Mioeléctrico Migratorio , Náusea/etiología , Náusea/psicología , Periodo Posprandial , Estómago/fisiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
No abstract available.
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Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Dispepsia/prevención & control , Lipasa/administración & dosificación , Estómago/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The liver is the gland most vulnerable to the toxic effects of xenobiotics, as responsible for their metabolism. Significant impact on the functioning of this gland has a style of life: alcohol consumption, diet with high fats ingredients and prooxidative substances and synthetic drugs. Very improtant aspect in herbal medicaments is protective properties on parenchymal organ-damaging. Concomitant intake of plant extracts containing cytoprotective compounds, may increase the efficacy of treatment and reduce side effects. One of the plants of the hepatoprotective action is artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.). Artichoke with multiple therapeutic properties and practically no side effects is recommended not only in disorders of the liver, but also in the prevention of atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia or dyspeptic disorders.
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Cynara scolymus/química , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Aterosclerosis/prevención & control , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Dispepsia/prevención & control , Humanos , Hiperlipidemias/prevención & control , Hepatopatías/tratamiento farmacológico , Estructura Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Sustancias Protectoras/química , Sustancias Protectoras/aislamiento & purificación , Sustancias Protectoras/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Altered motility, discomfort and pain are common debilitating symptoms of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. However, these conditions represent a significant and unmet need for mainstream medical treatment, particularly after high profile therapeutic drug withdrawals due to safety concerns. As such an increasing number of sufferers are turning to alternative medicines in an effort to seek relief from their symptoms. Alternative medicines have traditionally been looked at by mainstream medicine with cynicism. However, new evidence demonstrates that the active components in natural products have actions on specific ion channels and receptors, many of which are located in sensory systems distributed throughout the body. These findings may not only explain the symptomatic benefit of these alternative medicines but also provide novel therapeutic targets for mainstream drug development. As such natural products represent a wealth of untapped potential which is waiting to be unlocked.
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Fármacos Gastrointestinales/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/tratamiento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Preparaciones de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Dolor Abdominal/etiología , Dolor Abdominal/prevención & control , Animales , Diarrea/etiología , Diarrea/prevención & control , Dispepsia/etiología , Dispepsia/prevención & control , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/fisiopatología , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional , Preparaciones de Plantas/farmacología , Isoformas de Proteínas/agonistas , Isoformas de Proteínas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Canales de Potencial de Receptor Transitorio/agonistas , Canales de Potencial de Receptor Transitorio/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy BUD "Stimbifid (LLC In-MIN"/LLC ("MedStar", Russia), which contains inulin, oligofructose, vitamins (C, B1, B6, B12, E, PP, folic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin) and minerals (zinc, selenium) in the correction and prevention of violations of the microbiota in patients with chronic and acute diseases of the lungs in the background and after antibiotic therapy (ABT). Was examined total of 50 patients with bronchopulmonary pathology on the background and after antibiotic therapy (including 30 people at a "Stimbifid" reception). The criteria for evaluating the effectiveness were: the dynamics of clinical symptoms, while in transit through the intestines of activated carbon ("carbolex test"), bacteriological examination of feces before and after treatment, the definition of short-chain fatty acids in the faeces before and after treatment. Based on the results of complex research was established the high efficiency of "Stimbifida" in the correction of microbiota in patients with chronic and acute diseases of the lungs in the background and after antibiotic therapy.
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Antibacterianos/efectos adversos , Dispepsia/prevención & control , Intestinos/microbiología , Inulina/uso terapéutico , Oligosacáridos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Respiratorias/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Carbón Orgánico/administración & dosificación , Carbón Orgánico/uso terapéutico , Suplementos Dietéticos , Dispepsia/inducido químicamente , Dispepsia/microbiología , Heces/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Inulina/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The majority of patients with non-hospital pneumonia (NHP) on background of antibioticotherapy had changes of a microbiocenosis of their intestines. The article presents obtained results on the assessment of Bifi-forma probiotic use for 63 children aged from 1 month till 3 years. It has been shown that course of the pneumonia has been associated clinically with dyspepsic pain syndromes and with significant changes of intestine biocenosis by quantity reduction of bifido--and lactobacteria, decrease in escherichia having enzymatic activity and increase in hemolytic escherichia, yeastlike mushrooms, staphylococcus and other representatives of opportunistic flora. Application of this probiotic in a complex therapy on non-hospital pneumonia has shown high clinical and microbiological efficiency that allows recommending its administration to children of early age, patients with non-hospital pneumonia.
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Dispepsia/prevención & control , Intestino Grueso/microbiología , Neumonía Bacteriana/tratamiento farmacológico , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Antibacterianos/efectos adversos , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Preescolar , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas , Dispepsia/microbiología , Humanos , Lactante , Neumonía Bacteriana/microbiología , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Manzanilla , Cólico/prevención & control , Dermatitis/prevención & control , Diarrea/prevención & control , Dispepsia/prevención & control , Fitoterapia , Preparaciones de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Conjuntivitis/inducido químicamente , Ciclosporina/farmacología , Dermatitis por Contacto/etiología , Femenino , Flores , Interacciones de Hierba-Droga , Humanos , Lactante , Lactancia , Náuseas Matinales/tratamiento farmacológico , Fitoterapia/efectos adversos , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Preparaciones de Plantas/efectos adversos , Embarazo , Warfarina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Does artichoke leaf extract (ALE) ameliorate symptoms of Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in otherwise healthy volunteers suffering concomitant dyspepsia? METHODS: A subset analysis of a previous dose-ranging, open, postal study, in adults suffering dyspepsia. Two hundred and eight (208) adults were identified post hoc as suffering with IBS. IBS incidence, self-reported usual bowel pattern, and the Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI) were compared before and after a 2-month intervention period. RESULTS: There was a significant fall in IBS incidence of 26.4% (p < 0.001) after treatment. A significant shift in self-reported usual bowel pattern away from "alternating constipation/diarrhea" toward "normal" (p < 0.001) was observed. NDI total symptom score significantly decreased by 41% (p < 0.001) after treatment. Similarly, there was a significant 20% improvement in the NDI total quality-of-life (QOL) score in the subset after treatment. CONCLUSION: This report supports previous findings that ALE ameliorates symptoms of IBS, plus improves health-related QOL.