RESUMEN
The constant Ebola epidemic outbreaks in Africa arisen in waves of panic worldwide. There is a high mortality rate (30-70%) among the Ebola-infected people in virus- stricken areas. Despite these horrors, the medical capabilities against this deadly viral disease were provided by limited therapeutic agents/options. As a result, several patented agents, biotherapies or prophylactic/therapeutic vaccines need to be reviving into the global markets-including patents of small molecular chemicals, short sequences or oligomers of DNA/RNA, linkages of chemicals with bio-molecules, herbal medicine and so on. In addition, the possible mechanisms of action of these therapeutic options are underway. To promote Ebola biomedical study, the multiple characters of Ebola infections-its origin, pathologic progress, genomic changes, therapeutic context and economic considerations are outlined in this review. Finally, a great difference can be expected after these types of efforts.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Ebolavirus/patogenicidad , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/terapia , Vacunas Virales/uso terapéutico , África/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades/prevención & control , Ebolavirus/efectos de los fármacos , Ebolavirus/inmunología , Ebolavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/epidemiología , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/inmunología , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/virología , Humanos , Tasa de Supervivencia , Vacunas Virales/inmunologíaRESUMEN
There is an urgent need for Ebola virus (EBOV) proteins, EBOV-specific antibodies and recombinant antigens to be used in diagnostics and as potential vaccine candidates. Our objective was to produce and purify recombinant proteins for immunological assays and for the production of polyclonal EBOV specific antibodies. In addition, a limited comparison of the adjuvant effects of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and adjuvant system 03 (AS03) was carried out. Recombinant EBOV GST-VP24, -VP30, -VP35, -VP40 and -NP were produced in E. coli and purified with affinity chromatography followed by preparative gel electrophoresis. Recombinant EBOV GP-His was produced in Sf9 insect cells and purified by preparative gel electrophoresis. To compare the adjuvant effect of FCA and AS03, 12 rabbits were immunized four times with one of the six recombinant EBOV proteins using FCA or AS03. In addition, three guinea pigs were immunized with EBOV VP24 using FCA. With the exception of sera from two rabbits immunized with GST-VP24, the antisera against all other EBOV proteins showed very high and specific antibody responses after three to four immunizations. The adjuvant effect of AS03 was comparable to that of FCA. The produced antibodies recognized the corresponding EBOV proteins in wild type EBOV-infected cells.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos , Ebolavirus/inmunología , Adyuvante de Freund , Polisorbatos , Escualeno , Proteínas Virales/inmunología , Proteínas Virales/aislamiento & purificación , alfa-Tocoferol , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/biosíntesis , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Baculoviridae/genética , Combinación de Medicamentos , Ebolavirus/química , Ebolavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Adyuvante de Freund/provisión & distribución , Cobayas , Conejos , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Proteínas Recombinantes/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Virales/genéticaRESUMEN
We report the case of an Ebola virus (EBOV) RNA-negative pregnant woman who delivered an EBOV RNA-positive stillborn infant at a community health center in rural Sierra Leone, 1 month after the mother's last possible exposure. The mother was later found to be immunoglobulins M and G positive indicating previous infection. The apparent absence of Ebola symptoms and not recognizing that the woman had previous contact with an Ebola patient led health workers performing the delivery to wear only minimal personal protection, potentially exposing them to a high risk of EBOV infection. This case emphasizes the importance of screening for epidemiological risk factors as well as classic and atypical symptoms of Ebola when caring for pregnant women, even once they have passed the typical time frame for exposure and incubation expected in nonpregnant adults. It also illustrates the need for health-care workers to use appropriate personal protection equipment when caring for pregnant women in an Ebola setting.
Asunto(s)
Ebolavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/epidemiología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/virología , ARN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Mortinato , Agentes Comunitarios de Salud , Femenino , Humanos , Partería , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/patología , Servicios de Salud Rural , Sierra Leona/epidemiología , Carga Viral , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Previous studies have demonstrated the potential application of reverse genetics technology in studying a broad range of aspects of viral biology, including gene regulation, protein function, cell entry, and pathogenesis. Here, we describe a highly efficient reverse genetics system used to generate recombinant Ebola virus (EBOV) based on a recent isolate from a human patient infected during the 2014-2015 outbreak in Western Africa. We also rescued a recombinant EBOV expressing a fluorescent reporter protein from a cleaved VP40 protein fusion. Using this virus and an inexpensive method to quantitate the expression of the foreign gene, we demonstrate its potential usefulness as a tool for screening antiviral compounds and measuring neutralizing antibodies.
Asunto(s)
Ebolavirus/genética , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/biosíntesis , Genética Inversa/métodos , África Occidental , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes/aislamiento & purificación , Anticuerpos Antivirales/aislamiento & purificación , Antivirales/aislamiento & purificación , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Ebolavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Genes Reporteros , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/genética , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/virología , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , ARN Viral/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Coloración y EtiquetadoRESUMEN
On August 29, 2014, Senegal confirmed its first case of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) in a Guinean man, aged 21 years, who had traveled from Guinea to Dakar, Senegal, in mid-August to visit family. Senegalese medical and public health personnel were alerted about this patient after public health staff in Guinea contacted his family in Senegal on August 27. The patient had been admitted to a referral hospital in Senegal on August 26. He was promptly isolated, and a blood sample was sent for laboratory confirmation; Ebola was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction at Institut Pasteur Dakar on August 29. The patient's mother and sister had been admitted to an Ebola treatment unit in Guinea on August 26, where they had named the patient as a contact and reported his recent travel to Senegal. Ebola was likely transmitted to the family from the brother of the patient, who had traveled by land from Sierra Leone to Guinea in early August seeking treatment from a traditional healer. The brother died in Guinea on August 10; family members, including the patient, participated in preparing the body for burial.