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1.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab ; 45(6): 675-678, 2020 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31967853

RESUMEN

Eight well-trained cyclists ingested 68 g·h-1 of a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution with sodium alginate and pectin (CHO-ALG) or a taste and carbohydrate type-matched carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CHO) during 120 min of cycling at 55% maximal power followed by an ∼20 min time trial. Oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, blood glucose concentration, substrate oxidation, gastrointestinal symptoms, and time trial performance (CHO-ALG: 1219 ± 84 s, CHO: 1267 ± 102 s; P = 0.185) were not different between trials. Novelty Inclusion of sodium alginate and pectin in a carbohydrate drink does not influence blood glucose, substrate oxidation, gastrointestinal comfort, or performance in cyclists.


Asunto(s)
Alginatos/farmacología , Rendimiento Atlético/fisiología , Bebidas , Ciclismo/fisiología , Pectinas/farmacología , Adulto , Alginatos/administración & dosificación , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/farmacología , Electrólitos/administración & dosificación , Electrólitos/farmacología , Tracto Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de los fármacos , Pectinas/administración & dosificación
2.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 104: 841-847, 2018 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29609847

RESUMEN

This study aims to determine whether Angiotensin IV (Ang IV) addition to Celsior preservation solution could improve hepatic endothelium function and provide better liver protection during subnormothermic machine preservation (SMP). Two experimental models were used: In the first part of the study, rings isolated from rat hepatic artery were preserved in Celsior solution (6 h, 20 °C) with and without Ang IV (10-9 M), then, endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) and the concentration of acetylcholine inducing half-maximal relaxation of pre-contracted rings (EC50) were measured. Also, in order to investigate the implication of nitric oxide (NO) on EDR, the rings of hepatic artery were incubated with L-NG-nitroarginine metyl ester (L-NAME). In the second part of the study, rat livers were subjected to SMP with oxygenated Celsior solution (6 h, 20 °C), supplemented or not with Ang IV (10-9 M) and then perfused (2 h, 37 °C) with Krebs Henseleit solution. We found that Ang IV supplementation to Celsior solution decreased EC50 value and improved EDR of hepatic artery rings, 6h after sub-normothermic preservation. Interestingly, Ang IV amplified the vessel relaxation in a NO-dependent manner. Moreover, liver SMP with Ang IV reduced oxidative stress and cell injury and improved organ function. Ang IV activated pAkt, increased eNOS protein level and decreased apoptosis in the preserved liver grafts. In conclusion, we showed that the use of Ang IV in Celsior solution for sub-normothermic graft preservation insured a better NO-dependent relaxation and improved liver functional recovery.


Asunto(s)
Angiotensina II/análogos & derivados , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Soluciones Preservantes de Órganos/farmacología , Trasplantes/efectos de los fármacos , Angiotensina II/farmacología , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Disacáridos/farmacología , Electrólitos/farmacología , Endotelio Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Endotelio Vascular/metabolismo , Glutamatos/farmacología , Glutatión/farmacología , Histidina/farmacología , Soluciones Isotónicas/farmacología , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Manitol/farmacología , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacología , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo III/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Perfusión/métodos , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley
3.
Blood Purif ; 42(1): 18-26, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26949936

RESUMEN

AIMS: To evaluate the capability of an electrolytes-enriched solution to prevent metabolic disorders during continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). METHODS: Serum biochemistry and clinical tolerance were compared during CVVHDF treatments with an electrolyte-enriched (Phoxilium) or standard solutions in 10 acute renal failure patients. RESULTS: As compared to standard fluids, serum potassium and phosphate levels were maintained in the normal range with Phoxilium without any supplementation but total serum calcium levels were significantly lower. Bicarbonatemia was slightly higher (24-26 vs. 21.5-24.5 mmol/l, p < 0.05) with conventional solutions and was associated with a significant increased level of pH (>7.44). Despite the absence of glucose in the Phoxilium solution, blood glucose levels and glucose supplementation were similar between treatments. Clinical tolerance and efficiency of CVVHDF sessions were comparable. CONCLUSION: Phoxilium effectively prevented hypophosphatemia and hypokalemia during CVVHDF. It was, however, associated with a slight metabolic acidosis and hypocalcemia compared with conventional solutions.


Asunto(s)
Lesión Renal Aguda/terapia , Hemodiafiltración/métodos , Soluciones para Hemodiálisis/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Metabólicas/prevención & control , Terapia de Reemplazo Renal/métodos , Lesión Renal Aguda/complicaciones , Anciano , Estudios Cruzados , Electrólitos/farmacología , Electrólitos/uso terapéutico , Hemodiafiltración/efectos adversos , Soluciones para Hemodiálisis/química , Soluciones para Hemodiálisis/farmacología , Humanos , Hipopotasemia/prevención & control , Hipofosfatemia/prevención & control , Enfermedades Metabólicas/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Terapia de Reemplazo Renal/efectos adversos
4.
Paediatr Anaesth ; 26(6): 590-8, 2016 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27012479

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Acetate-containing balanced electrolyte solutions are frequently used for fluid therapy in pediatric anesthesia, but no studies investigating the compatibility with common anesthetic drugs are available. AIM: To reveal possible incompatibilities between common anesthetic drugs and the acetate-containing balanced electrolyte solutions BS (Sterofundin ISO; B.Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany) and BS-G1 (E148G1 Päd; Serumwerk Bernburg AG, Bernburg, Germany), with normal saline (NS) as control. METHODS: All tested infusion solutions were mixed 1 : 1 with 28 common anesthetic drugs in concentrations used in daily clinical practice. Electrical conductivity, pH, and turbidimetric light diffusion at 405 nm were measured. Macroscopic changes such as gross precipitation, change in color, or bubble formation were also assessed. All measurements were performed immediately after mixing as well as 30 and 60 min after. RESULTS: The vast majority of drugs showed no significant change in pH, electric conductivity, turbidimetric detectable light diffusion, or macroscopic appearance after mixing with BS, BS-G1, and NS. Phenytoin immediately precipitated in response to all tested solutions as did diazepam. Thiopental precipitated after mixing with BS only. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the tested drugs did not show any signs or evidence of incompatibility reactions. However, phenytoin and diazepam should not be in contact with the three tested solutions, including NS. Thiopental should be used with caution because it can precipitate in solutions with a low pH (e.g., BS).


Asunto(s)
Acetatos/farmacología , Anestésicos/farmacología , Incompatibilidad de Medicamentos , Electrólitos/farmacología , Anestesia , Niño , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Fluidoterapia/métodos , Humanos , Equilibrio Hidroelectrolítico
5.
Nutr Hosp ; 32(5): 1926-35, 2015 Nov 01.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26545646

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: sports drinks aid to improve physical performance significantly because of its content of carbohydrate, electrolytes and water. However, in recent decades it has been found that drinking a sports drink with protein during exercise improves endurance performance, produces lower losses of body weight induced by dehydration and helps to reduce post-exercise muscle damage compared to a drink only with carbohydrate and electrolytes. PURPOSE: the aim of this study was to analyze the main studies about the effectiveness of a supplement intake with carbohydrate, protein and electrolytes during exercise. METHODS: studies were identified by searching Google Scholar, EBSCO, PubMed and Scopus using the following search terms: Carbohydrate-protein and performance and Added protein and sports drink. The methodological quality of the trials was evaluated, and It was considered that the intake of the supplement has been during exercise. RESULTS: twenty articles were included in this study. Thirteen obtained results were the intake of sports drinks with protein produced significant improvements on endurance performance compared to beverages with carbohydrates and electrolytes alone, or a placebo. DISCUSSION: increase the caloric content of sports drinks to add protein was probably a better strategy than reduce the carbohydrate content to match the amount of calories. CONCLUSIONS: protein intake during exercise demonstrated an ergogenic effect on endurance performance when assessed by time to exhaustion. However, we need more evidence to prove this possible ergogenic effect of protein.


Introducción: las bebidas deportivas ayudan a mejorar el rendimiento físico de forma significativa debido a su aporte de carbohidratos, electrolitos y agua. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas se ha encontrado que ingerir una bebida deportiva con proteína durante el ejercicio mejora el rendimiento físico, produce menores pérdidas de peso corporal inducidas por la deshidratación y ayuda a disminuir el daño muscular postejercicio en comparación con una bebida únicamente con carbohidratos y electrolitos. Objetivo: analizar los principales estudios sobre la efectividad de la ingesta de un suplemento con carbohidratos, proteína y electrolitos durante el ejercicio. Método: se realizó una búsqueda automatizada en Google académico, EBSCO, PubMEd y Scopus, utilizando las palabras clave: Carbohydrate-protein and performance y Added protein and sports drink. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica de los ensayos y se tomó en cuenta que la ingesta del suplemento fuera durante el ejercicio. Resultados: de los veinte artículos que se incluyeron, trece obtuvieron resultados en los que la ingesta de una bebida deportiva con proteína generó mejoras significativas en el rendimiento físico en comparación con una bebida únicamente con carbohidratos y electrolitos, o un placebo. Discusión: aumentar el contenido calórico de las bebidas deportivas al agregar proteína es probablemente una estrategia más efectiva en comparación con disminuir el contenido de carbohidratos para igualar la cantidad de energía. Conclusiones: el consumo de proteína durante el ejercicio posiblemente sirva como una ayuda ergogénica, retardando el tiempo hasta llegar al agotamiento. Sin embargo, hace falta más evidencia que así lo demuestre.


Asunto(s)
Carbohidratos de la Dieta/farmacología , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Resistencia Física/efectos de los fármacos , Bebidas , Electrólitos/farmacología , Humanos
6.
Nutrients ; 7(5): 3739-50, 2015 May 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25988766

RESUMEN

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of supplementation with a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) in active females during a prolonged session of submaximal running to exhaustion. Eight healthy active females volunteered to perform a session of open-ended running to exhaustion at 70% of their maximal oxygen consumption on a treadmill during the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle on two occasions. During each run, the subjects consumed either 3mL·kg(-1) body mass of a 6% CES or a placebo drink (PL) every 20 min during exercise. The trials were administered in a randomized double-blind, cross-over design. During the run, the subjects ingested similar volumes of fluid in two trials (CES: 644 ± 75 mL vs. PL: 593 ± 66 mL, p > 0.05). The time to exhaustion was 16% longer during the CES trial (106.2 ± 9.4 min) than during the PL trial (91.6 ± 5.9 min) (p < 0.05). At 45 min during exercise, the plasma glucose concentration in the CES trial was higher than that in PL trial. No differences were observed in the plasma lactate level, respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, perceived rate of exertion, sensation of thirst, or abdominal discomfort between the two trials (p > 0.05). The results of the present study confirm that CES supplementation improves the moderate intensity endurance capacity of active females during the follicular phases of the menstrual cycle. However, the exogenous oxidation of carbohydrate does not seem to explain the improved capacity after CES supplementation.


Asunto(s)
Carbohidratos de la Dieta/farmacología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Electrólitos/farmacología , Fatiga/prevención & control , Resistencia Física/efectos de los fármacos , Carrera/fisiología , Adulto , Glucemia/metabolismo , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/metabolismo , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Ciclo Menstrual , Consumo de Oxígeno , Resistencia Física/fisiología , Esfuerzo Físico , Soluciones
7.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol ; 64(3): 256-65, 2014 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24785343

RESUMEN

Levosimendan is a calcium-sensitizing agent shown to prevent myocardical contractile depression in various heart diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of levosimendan on cardiac dysfunction and apoptosis in hypothermic preservation rat hearts. Isolated rat hearts were preserved in Celsior solution with or without levosimendan. The left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) recovery rate of isolated rat heart significantly decreased, and the apoptosis index increased after 9 hours of hypothermic preservation. Supplement Celsior solution with levosimendan (10 and 10 mole/L) enhanced the LVDP recovery rate and reduced apoptosis. Levosimendan inhibited the hypothermic preservation-induced calpain activation and cleavage of Bid. Levosimendam induced increased myocardial inducible nitric oxide synthase but not endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression. A selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 1400W, and a mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate but not a sarcolemmal KATP channel blocker HMR-1098 prevented improvement effect of levosimendam on LVDP recovery rate, abolished the inhibitory effect of levosimendan on hypothermic preservation-induced activation of calpain, cleavage of Bid, and apoptosis. These data suggested that Celsior solution supplement with levosimendan improved cardiac function recovery and reduced myocyte apoptosis in hypothermic preservation rat hearts.


Asunto(s)
Hidrazonas/farmacología , Miocitos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Piridazinas/farmacología , Función Ventricular Izquierda/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Benzamidas/farmacología , Cardiotónicos/administración & dosificación , Cardiotónicos/farmacología , Ácidos Decanoicos/farmacología , Disacáridos/administración & dosificación , Disacáridos/farmacología , Electrólitos/administración & dosificación , Electrólitos/farmacología , Glutamatos/administración & dosificación , Glutamatos/farmacología , Glutatión/administración & dosificación , Glutatión/farmacología , Histidina/administración & dosificación , Histidina/farmacología , Hidrazonas/administración & dosificación , Hidroxiácidos/farmacología , Masculino , Manitol/administración & dosificación , Manitol/farmacología , Miocardio/metabolismo , Miocitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Piridazinas/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Simendán
8.
J Anim Sci ; 92(2): 666-75, 2014 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24398835

RESUMEN

Two products designed to deliver supplemental anions were evaluated for their effects on DMI, total serum Ca, and performance of transition dairy cows relative to a control diet that did not contain supplemental anions. Diets differed in dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) and anion source. Treatments were diets including a control (CON; DCAD +17.7 meq/100 g DM; n = 13), Bio-Chlor (BC; DCAD +2.5 meq/100 g DM; n = 14), and SoyChlor (SC, DCAD +0.4 meq/100 g DM; n = 15). Treatments began 21 d before expected calving dates and continued through parturition (mean treatment length 20.98 d); on calving, all animals received the same diet. Milk yield was measured through 21 d in milk, and milk samples were collected daily between 5 and 21 d in milk. Data were analyzed using mixed models with repeated measures. Prepartum DMI was 9.0, 8.5, and 7.5 ± 0.6 kg/d for CON, BC, and SC treatments, respectively, and tended to be lower for SC than CON (P = 0.07). Postpartum DMI and milk yields were similar among treatments. Milk protein, lactose, and urea nitrogen concentrations were highest for SC and lowest for BC, with CON being intermediate. Plasma glucose, measured on d 5, 10, and 21 postpartum, tended to be different among treatments (P = 0.06; 66.7, 57.1, and 63.8 ± 3.1 mg/dL for CON, BC, and SC, respectively). Serum total Ca concentrations did not differ among dietary treatments and only tended to change over time; values were not indicative of clinical hypocalcemia. With limited sample size, no significant effects of treatment were detected for incidence of postpartum health disorders or plasma ß-hydroxybutyrate concentration. Although DMI tended to be depressed in the prepartum period by SC, this intake depression was not accompanied by negative effects on performance or health in the postpartum period. Results suggest that cows were not adequately stressed to cause hypocalcemia or that DCAD values near 0 were insufficient to improve postpartum health and performance or both.


Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/análisis , Calcio/sangre , Bovinos/fisiología , Dieta/veterinaria , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Electrólitos/farmacología , Animales , Bovinos/sangre , Suplementos Dietéticos , Electrólitos/administración & dosificación , Electrólitos/química , Femenino , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Lactancia/efectos de los fármacos , Lactancia/fisiología , Leche , Embarazo , Equilibrio Hidroelectrolítico
9.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces ; 110: 1-7, 2013 Oct 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23693033

RESUMEN

In the present work, the CdSe/ZnS hydrophobic quantum dots were embedded within the polyelectrolyte nanocapsules. The core of the capsules, which consists of a mixture of the linseed oil with chloroform, was prepared using the spontaneous emulsification technique. The obtained emulsions were stabilized with lecithin and encapsulated using the layer-by-layer (LbL) adsorption of polyelectrolytes. The pair of biocompatible polyelectrolytes was used: the cationic poly-l-lysine hydrobromide (PLL) together with the anionic poly-d-glutamic acid sodium salt. The saturation LbL method, which is based on the stepwise formation of consecutive layers on the initial emulsion without the intermediate rinsing step, was applied to form the capsule shells. Their growth was evidenced by the capsule size and electrophoretic mobility measurements. The emulsion and the capsules were deposited on a mica surface and the deposit topology was examined by the means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). The presence of quantum dots within the oil cores was confirmed by recording the fluorescent spectra of the samples containing CdSe/ZnS. In order to evaluate cytotoxicity of the capsules, their influence on the viability of mouse embryonic fibroblasts was examined using the MTT test, followed by optical-microscope observation of morphology of the cells after hematoxylin-eosin staining.


Asunto(s)
Compuestos de Cadmio/química , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Aceite de Linaza/química , Nanocápsulas/química , Puntos Cuánticos , Compuestos de Selenio/química , Sulfato de Zinc/química , Animales , Compuestos de Cadmio/farmacología , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Electrólitos/química , Electrólitos/farmacología , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/patología , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Aceite de Linaza/farmacología , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Células 3T3 NIH , Tamaño de la Partícula , Polímeros/química , Polímeros/farmacología , Compuestos de Selenio/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Propiedades de Superficie , Sulfato de Zinc/farmacología
10.
Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech ; 22(6): 542-5, 2012 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23238384

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Quality bowel preparation is essential to examine the entire colon adequately. No trials comparing different purgative regimens are available in animal models. The aim was to compare 5 methods for bowel cleansing to develop a rat model to study therapeutic colonoscopy. METHODS: Twenty-five rats were assigned to one of 5 regimens: (1) high-volume polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution (HV-PEG-ES, 40 mL); (2) low-volume PEG-ES (LV-PEG-ES, 20 mL); (3) high-volume PEG-ES+ascorbic acid (HV-PEG-ES+AA, 20 mL); (4) LV-PEG-ES+AA, 10 mL; (5) rectal enema with saline solution (RE-SS). Bowel preparation quality was rated by total colonoscopy. RESULTS: RE-SS is the best regime for left colon cleansing, whereas HV-PEG-ES and HV-PEG-ES+AA solutions resulted in significantly better cleansing in the whole colon. HV-PEG-ES+AA regimen needed less volume, and administration was easier. CONCLUSIONS: A total of 20 mL of PEG-ES+AA before colonoscopy is the best regimen to explore the whole colon, whereas to explore the left colon RE-SS is adequate.


Asunto(s)
Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Catárticos/farmacología , Colonoscopía/métodos , Electrólitos/farmacología , Polietilenglicoles/farmacología , Animales , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Catárticos/administración & dosificación , Esquema de Medicación , Electrólitos/administración & dosificación , Enema/métodos , Intubación Gastrointestinal , Masculino , Polietilenglicoles/administración & dosificación , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley
11.
ScientificWorldJournal ; 2012: 573410, 2012.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22593698

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Hypothermic machine perfusion systems seem more effective than the current static storage to prevent cold ischemic liver injury. Thus, we test an innovative hyperbaric hypothermic machine perfusion (HHMP), which combines hyperbaric oxygenation of the preservation solution and continuous perfusion of the graft. METHODS: Rat livers were preserved with Celsior solution according to 4 different modalities: normobaric static preservation; hyperbaric static preservation at 2 atmosphere absolute (ATA); normobaric dynamic preservation, with continuous perfusion; hyperbaric dynamic preservation, with continuous perfusion at 2 ATA. After 24 h cold preservation, we assessed different parameters. RESULTS: Compared to baseline, livers preserved with the current static storage showed severe ultrastructural damage, glycogen depletion and an increased oxidative stress. Normobaric perfused livers showed improved hepatocyte ultrastructure and ameliorated glycogen stores, but they still suffered a significant oxidative damage. The addition of hyperbaric oxygen produces an extra benefit by improving oxidative injury and by inducing endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene expression. CONCLUSIONS: Preservation by means of the present innovative HHMP reduced the liver injury occurring after the current static cold storage by lowering glycogen depletion and oxidative damage. Interestingly, only the use of hyperbaric oxygen was associated to a blunted oxidative stress and an increased eNOS gene expression.


Asunto(s)
Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica/métodos , Hipotermia Inducida/métodos , Hígado , Preservación de Órganos/métodos , Animales , Disacáridos/farmacología , Electrólitos/farmacología , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica , Glutamatos/farmacología , Glutatión/metabolismo , Glutatión/farmacología , Disulfuro de Glutatión/metabolismo , Hepatocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Hepatocitos/metabolismo , Hepatocitos/ultraestructura , Histidina/farmacología , Hipotermia Inducida/instrumentación , Glucógeno Hepático/metabolismo , Manitol/farmacología , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo III/genética , Soluciones Preservantes de Órganos/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Perfusión , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/metabolismo
12.
J Sci Med Sport ; 15(4): 348-54, 2012 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22230353

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the influence of carbohydrate supplementation on skill performance throughout exercise that replicates soccer match-play. DESIGN: Experimentation was conducted in a randomised, double-blind and cross-over study design. METHODS: After familiarization, 15 professional academy soccer players completed a soccer match simulation incorporating passing, dribbling and shooting on two separate occasions. Participants received a 6% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CHO) or electrolyte solution (PL). Precision, success rate, ball speed and an overall index (speed-precision-success; SPS) were determined for all skills. Blood samples were taken at rest, immediately before exercise, every 15 min during exercise (first half: 15, 30 and 45 min; second half: 60, 75 and 90 min), and 10 min into the half time (half-time). RESULTS: Carbohydrate supplementation influenced shooting (time×treatment interaction: p<0.05), where CHO attenuated the decline in shot speed and SPS index. Supplementation did not affect passing or dribbling. Blood glucose responses to exercise were influenced by supplementation (time×treatment interaction: p<0.05), where concentrations were higher at 45 min and during half-time in CHO compared with PL. Blood glucose concentrations reduced by 30±1% between half-time and 60 min in CHO. CONCLUSIONS: Carbohydrate supplementation attenuated decrements in shooting performance during simulated soccer match-play; however, further research is warranted to optimise carbohydrate supplementation regimes for high-intensity intermittent sports.


Asunto(s)
Rendimiento Atlético/fisiología , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Suplementos Dietéticos , Desempeño Psicomotor/fisiología , Fútbol/fisiología , Adolescente , Glucemia/fisiología , Estudios Cruzados , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/sangre , Método Doble Ciego , Electrólitos/sangre , Electrólitos/farmacología , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Humanos , Masculino , Consumo de Oxígeno/fisiología , Adulto Joven
13.
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr ; 36(4): 470-5, 2012 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22245762

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to determine concentrations of calcium chloride (CaCl) and sodium phosphate (NaPhos) that can be safely added to TrophAmine-based parenteral nutrition (PN) and to measure aluminum (Al) concentrations in PN solutions containing CaCl and NaPhos vs those containing calcium gluconate (CaGlu) and potassium phosphate (KPhos). METHODS: In study A, PN solutions containing varying amounts of TrophAmine, CaCl, and NaPhos were compounded and then evaluated visually for precipitation. In study B, Al concentrations were measured in PN solutions containing CaCl and NaPhos (S1), CaGlu and NaPhos (S2), or CaGlu and KPhos (S3). RESULTS: Study A showed that a maximum phosphorus concentration of 15 mmol/L could be added to a solution containing 12.5 mmol/L of calcium without evidence of precipitation when the amino acid (AA) concentration reached ≥3 g/dL (3%). In study B, the mean (range) Al concentrations were S1 = 2.2 (1.9-2.4), S2 = 8.5 (7.8-9.3), and S3 = 11.7 (10.8-12.2) µmol/L (means of 6.0, 22.9, and 31.5 micrograms/dL, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The data can provide a guide for compounding neonatal PN solutions containing TrophAmine, CaCl, and NaPhos. More studies are needed to determine the long-term effects of substituting CaCl for CaGlu in PN solutions for neonates. Substituting CaCl and NaPhos for CaGlu and KPhos significantly decreases Al concentrations in PN and potential Al exposure of neonatal patients.


Asunto(s)
Aluminio/análisis , Aminoácidos/farmacología , Cloruro de Calcio/análisis , Electrólitos/farmacología , Glucosa/farmacología , Soluciones para Nutrición Parenteral/farmacología , Nutrición Parenteral Total/métodos , Fosfatos/análisis , Aluminio/efectos adversos , Gluconato de Calcio , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Fósforo/análisis , Compuestos de Potasio , Solubilidad , Soluciones/farmacología
14.
Gastroenterol Nurs ; 34 Suppl 2: S2-8, 2011.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21989190

RESUMEN

Adequate cleansing is essential for a thorough and accurate examination of the bowel during colonoscopy. Suboptimal preparation can lead to missed diagnoses, increased costs, and safety issues. Favorable bowel preparations are efficacious, safe, and cause as little patient discomfort as possible by limiting fluid volume, intolerance, and inconvenience. Split-dose (2-day) regimens address these concerns and are associated with better cleansing and higher patient satisfaction than with single-dose regimens. Nurses can play a key role in communicating the benefits of various bowel preparation options, including split dosing, to patients.A low-volume oral sulfate solution given as a split-dose regimen has been tested in randomized clinical trials and found to provide similar bowel cleaning to split-dose polyethylene glycol with electrolytes and ascorbic acid (PEG-EA). Superior cleaning was found when compared with single-dose polyethylene glycol with electrolytes (PEG-ELS), particularly in the cecum and ascending colon. With the exception of clinically insignificant changes in electrolytes, tolerability and safety were similar between patients taking oral sulfate solution and patients taking PEG-EA or PEG-ELS. Oral sulfate solution is a safe and effective low-volume bowel preparation for colonoscopy.


Asunto(s)
Catárticos/administración & dosificación , Colonoscopía , Enema/métodos , Irrigación Terapéutica/métodos , Administración Oral , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Catárticos/farmacología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Electrólitos/administración & dosificación , Electrólitos/farmacología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Fosfatos/administración & dosificación , Fosfatos/farmacología , Control de Calidad , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Sulfatos/administración & dosificación , Sulfatos/farmacología
15.
J Dairy Sci ; 94(11): 5578-88, 2011 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22032381

RESUMEN

The effect of sodium butyrate (SB) supplementation in milk replacer (MR) or in starter mixture (SM) or in both MR and SM on performance, selected blood parameters, and rumen development in newborn calves was determined. Twenty-eight male calves with a mean age of 5 (±1) d were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 groups (7 animals per group) and fed (1) MR and SM, both without SB (MR(-) and SM(-), respectively); (2) MR(-) and SM supplemented with SB encapsulated within a triglyceride matrix (SM(+), 0.6% as fed; 30:70 butyrate-to-triglyceride matrix); (3) MR supplemented with crystalline SB (MR(+), 0.3% as fed) and SM(-); or (4) MR(+) and SM(+). The MR was offered in an amount equal to 10% of the initial body weight (BW) of each calf. The SM was blended with whole corn grain (50/50; wt/wt) and offered ad libitum as a starter diet (0.3% encapsulated-within-triglyceride matrix SB when SM(+) was fed) from the first day of the trial. Calves were slaughtered at d 21 of a trial (mean age 26±1 d). Addition of SB into MR (MR(+)) positively affected BW and average daily gain, tended to decrease the number of days with electrolyte therapies from d 0 to 7, and tended to positively affect fecal consistency from d 8 to 14 of the trial. Inclusion of SB into SM (SM(+)) increased starter diet intake from d 15 to 21, decreased the number of days with scours, and tended to decrease the number of days with electrolyte therapies in the whole trial period. Both MR(+) and SM(+) increased plasma glucose in the whole trial period and MR(+) increased total serum protein at d 14. The SM(+) increased plasma glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) concentration at d 7 of the trial when compared with the concentration at d 0. Both MR(+) and SM(+) increased reticulorumen weight and papillae length and width. Based on these results, it can be concluded that addition of SB in MR positively affected BW gain, health, and some metabolic intermediates of calves and it stimulated rumen development indirectly, whereas SB supplementation in SM stimulated rumen development directly. Addition of SB both in MR and SM could be recommended for rearing calves.


Asunto(s)
Animales Recién Nacidos , Butiratos/administración & dosificación , Butiratos/farmacología , Bovinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Industria Lechera/métodos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Rumen/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Electrólitos/administración & dosificación , Electrólitos/farmacología , Péptido 2 Similar al Glucagón/sangre , Masculino , Distribución Aleatoria , Rumen/crecimiento & desarrollo
16.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 48(1): 112-8, 2011 Jan 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20955729

RESUMEN

In this work, porous scaffolds obtained from the freeze-drying of pectin/chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes were prepared and characterized by FTIR, SEM and weight loss studies. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the prepared scaffolds was evaluated in vitro, using human osteoblast cells. The results obtained showed that cells adhered to scaffolds and proliferated. The study also confirmed that the degradation by-products of pectin/chitosan scaffold are noncytotoxic.


Asunto(s)
Huesos/fisiología , Quitosano/análogos & derivados , Electrólitos/química , Electrólitos/síntesis química , Pectinas/síntesis química , Ingeniería de Tejidos/métodos , Andamios del Tejido/química , Animales , Huesos/efectos de los fármacos , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Quitosano/síntesis química , Quitosano/química , Quitosano/farmacología , Electrólitos/farmacología , Elementos Químicos , Humanos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Peso Molecular , Osteoblastos/citología , Osteoblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoblastos/ultraestructura , Pectinas/química , Pectinas/farmacología , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Temperatura
17.
Transplant Proc ; 42(5): 1621-3, 2010 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20620487

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Organ preservation quality impacts porcine islet cell isolation and transplantation success. Among several preservation methods, the two-layer method is promising, but technically demanding and fails to deliver sufficient oxygen. The use of hyperbaric oxygenation may be an easier, more effective method to supply high partial pressure of oxygen (pO(2)) for organ storage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the capability of preoxygenation of various preservation solutions with HBO to maintain high pO(2) levels. METHODS: University of Wisconsin (UW), Custodiol, Perfadex, or Celsior solutions were preoxygenated in a pressure chamber. NaCl served as the control. pO(2) levels were measured at defined times. The oxygen storage capability was evaluated by leaving the storage bottles open for 2 minutes. RESULTS: It was feasible to preoxygenate preservation solutions. The best solution to maintain high pO(2) tensions was Perfadex, followed by Celsior, and UW. DISCUSSION: The greater the amount of oxygen in the preservation solution, the more oxygen can be delivered to the preserved pancreas. Further studies on the influence of preoxygenated preservation solutions on the porcine pancreas are warranted to improve organ quality, porcine islet cell isolation, and transplantation success.


Asunto(s)
Soluciones Preservantes de Órganos/farmacología , Páncreas/citología , Adenosina/farmacología , Alopurinol/farmacología , Animales , Citratos/farmacología , Disacáridos/farmacología , Electrólitos/farmacología , Glutamatos/farmacología , Glutatión/farmacología , Histidina/farmacología , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica/métodos , Insulina/farmacología , Manitol/farmacología , Preservación de Órganos/métodos , Oxígeno/farmacología , Páncreas/efectos de los fármacos , Presión Parcial , Rafinosa/farmacología , Porcinos
18.
Carbohydr Res ; 345(12): 1774-80, 2010 Aug 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20598293

RESUMEN

In this study, we prepared a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) hydrogel comprising chitosan as the cationic polyelectrolyte and gamma-poly(glutamic acid) (gamma-PGA) as the anionic polyelectrolyte. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that ionic complex interactions existed in the chitosan-gamma-PGA PEC hydrogels. The compressive modulus increased upon increasing the degree of complex formation in the chitosan-gamma-PGA PEC hydrogel; the water uptake decreased upon increasing the degree of complex formation. At the same degree of complex formation, the compressive modulus was larger for the chitosan-dominated PEC hydrogels; the water uptake was larger for the gamma-PGA-dominated ones. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed the existence of interconnected porous structures (pore size: 30-100mum) in all of the chitosan-gamma-PGA PEC hydrogels. The chitosan-gamma-PGA PEC hydrogels also exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, in vitro cell culturing of 3T3 fibroblasts revealed that all the chitosan-gamma-PGA PEC hydrogels were effective in promoting cell proliferation, especially the positively charged ones (chitosan-dominated). Therefore, the chitosan-gamma-PGA polyelectrolyte hydrogel appears to have potential as a new material for biomedical applications.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Quitosano/farmacología , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Poliglutámico/análogos & derivados , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Quitosano/química , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Electrólitos/química , Electrólitos/farmacología , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Hidrogel de Polietilenoglicol-Dimetacrilato/química , Hidrogel de Polietilenoglicol-Dimetacrilato/farmacología , Ratones , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estructura Molecular , Células 3T3 NIH , Tamaño de la Partícula , Ácido Poliglutámico/química , Ácido Poliglutámico/farmacología , Porosidad , Propiedades de Superficie
19.
Poult Sci ; 86(7): 1363-71, 2007 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17575183

RESUMEN

We compared the acid-base balance in broiler chickens provided diets containing 2 dietary electrolyte balances (DEB), and administered with either adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or saline solution. Diets were moderate (174 mEq/kg) or high (241 mEq/kg) DEB formulated by altering Na-K-Cl based on actual analysis. The experiment was designed as a split plot, with the main unit consisting of 4 treatments and the factorial treatment structure arranged in a completely randomized design. Osmotic pumps delivered 8 IU of ACTH in saline/kg of BW per d for 7 d, or the same saline volume as used in ACTH at 1 microL/h for 7 d was implanted on d 35. Venous blood samples were collected on d 35 before the pumps were implanted and on d 42 and 49. Birds fed the high DEB diet exhibited significantly higher Na(+) and Ca(2+) levels than birds provided the moderate DEB diet on d 35. Infusion of ACTH significantly increased (P < or = 0.05) hematocrit, hemoglobin, partial pressure of CO(2) (pCO(2)), corticosterone, osmolality, and HCO(3)(-) and reduced pH, BW, partial pressure of O(2) (pO(2)), and plasma concentrations of Na(+) and Cl(-) in both diets compared with the control group on d 42. Similarly, the ACTH treatment significantly increased hematocrit, hemoglobin, Ca(2+), corticosterone, and osmolality and reduced (P < or = 0.05) pO(2), glucose, and BW on d 49. The diet formulated for high DEB partially lowered pCO(2) on d 42. Significant DEB x ACTH interactions were observed for pCO(2) and pO(2) on d 49. However, there was a reduction in pO(2) along with a concomitant increase in erythropoiesis under the ACTH treatment for both diets, compared with the saline control, because of the increased need for O(2) to support gluconeogenic energy production. This adaptive response provided greater numbers of erythrocytes and thus a higher amount of circulating hemoglobin to deliver O(2) for metabolism. The diet formulated for high DEB partially attenuated the adaptive stress condition in broiler chickens.


Asunto(s)
Equilibrio Ácido-Base/efectos de los fármacos , Equilibrio Ácido-Base/fisiología , Pollos/fisiología , Dieta/veterinaria , Electrólitos/farmacología , Estrés Fisiológico/veterinaria , Hormona Adrenocorticotrópica/toxicidad , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Suplementos Dietéticos , Masculino , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico/inducido químicamente , Estrés Fisiológico/metabolismo
20.
Anal Chem ; 78(1): 135-40, 2006 Jan 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16383320

RESUMEN

Coating of substrates with polyelectrolyte multilayers terminated with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) followed by activation of the free -COOH groups of PAA provides a surface that readily reacts with amine groups to allow covalent immobilization of antibodies. The use of this procedure to prepare arrays of antibodies in porous alumina supports facilitates construction of a flow-through system for analysis of fluorescently labeled antigens. Detection limits in the analysis of Cy5-labeled IgG are 0.02 ng/mL because of the high surface area of the alumina membrane, and the minimal diameter of the substrate pores results in binding limited by kinetics, not mass transport. Moreover, PAA-terminated films resist nonspecific protein adsorption, so blocking of antibody arrays with bovine serum albumin is not necessary. These microarrays are capable of effective analysis in 10% fetal bovine serum.


Asunto(s)
Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Electrólitos/química , Inmunoglobulina G/química , Membranas Artificiales , Análisis por Matrices de Proteínas , Proteínas/química , Resinas Acrílicas/química , Adsorción , Óxido de Aluminio/química , Óxido de Aluminio/metabolismo , Animales , Reacciones Antígeno-Anticuerpo , Bovinos , Electrólitos/clasificación , Electrólitos/farmacología , Colorantes Fluorescentes , Inmunoensayo , Ratones , Porosidad , Conejos , Ratas , Albúmina Sérica Bovina , Propiedades de Superficie
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