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1.
Accid Anal Prev ; 81: 8-13, 2015 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25932964

RESUMEN

Driver drowsiness has been implicated as a major causal factor in road accidents. Tools that allow remote monitoring and management of driver fatigue are used in the mining and road transport industries. Increasing drivers' own awareness of their drowsiness levels using such tools may also reduce risk of accidents. The study examined the effects of real-time blink-velocity-derived drowsiness feedback on driver performance and levels of alertness in a military setting. A sample of 15 Army Reserve personnel (1 female) aged 21-59 (M=41.3, SD=11.1) volunteered to being monitored by an infra-red oculography-based Optalert Alertness Monitoring System (OAMS) while they performed their regular driving tasks, including on-duty tasks and commuting to and from duty, for a continuous period of 4-8 weeks. For approximately half that period, blink-velocity-derived Johns Drowsiness Scale (JDS) scores were fed back to the driver in a counterbalanced repeated-measures design, resulting in a total of 419 driving periods under "feedback" and 385 periods under "no-feedback" condition. Overall, the provision of real-time feedback resulted in reduced drowsiness (lower JDS scores) and improved alertness and driving performance ratings. The effect was small and varied across the 24-h circadian cycle but it remained robust after controlling for time of day and driving task duration. Both the number of JDS peaks counted for each trip and their duration declined in the presence of drowsiness feedback, indicating a dynamic pattern that is consistent with a genuine, entropy-reducing feedback mechanism (as distinct from random re-alerting) behind the observed effect. Its mechanisms and practical utility have yet to be fully explored. Direct examination of the alternative, random re-alerting explanation of this feedback effect is an important step for future research.


Asunto(s)
Accidentes de Tránsito/prevención & control , Accidentes de Tránsito/psicología , Atención , Conducción de Automóvil/psicología , Biorretroalimentación Psicológica/instrumentación , Electrooculografía/instrumentación , Procesamiento de Señales Asistido por Computador/instrumentación , Fases del Sueño , Adulto , Parpadeo , Fatiga/prevención & control , Fatiga/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Autoinforme , Adulto Joven
2.
Vestn Otorinolaringol ; (6): 38-43, 2010.
Artículo en Ruso | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21311459

RESUMEN

A new computerized method is proposed for the correction and elimination of undesirable illusory sensations (dizziness), vestibulo-oculomotor (nystagmus), and vestibulo-postural (imbalance) reactions. The method allows to teach the subject about how to avoid generalization of afferent signals over the effector mechanisms in the central nervous system by developing a fixational reflex employing delayed biological feedback for the assessment of efforts being exerted (self-control of training results). Three variants of application of this technique were evaluated depending on the type of stimulation software intended to induce illusory and oculomotor reactions of a defined sensory modality (visual, vestibular or combined). The study involved 30 subjects divided into three groups. They had been taught using the visual (group 1), vestibular (group 2) or combined (group 3) methods. Each group was comprised of an approximately equal number of subjects with vestibulopathies of either peripheral or central origin. The study demonstrated that the proposed approach allows to invoke, with the use of a computer stimulation software, abnormal illusory and vestibulo-oculomotor responses and inhibit them by developing the adequate fixational reflex. Comparative analysis of the results obtained by teaching the patients with the help of the three different methods revealed the dependence of their effectiveness on the level of disturbances in the vestibular system. The visual method of correction proved to be especially efficacious for the patients with peripheral vestibulopathy, and the vestibular methods for the patients with central vestibulopathy. Patients with combined peripheral and central vestibulopathy required the choice of training modalities (either visual or vestibular) on an individual basis.


Asunto(s)
Mareo , Trastornos Neurológicos de la Marcha , Neurorretroalimentación , Nistagmo Patológico , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central/complicaciones , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central/fisiopatología , Diagnóstico por Computador/métodos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Mareo/diagnóstico , Mareo/etiología , Mareo/fisiopatología , Mareo/terapia , Electrooculografía/instrumentación , Trastornos Neurológicos de la Marcha/diagnóstico , Trastornos Neurológicos de la Marcha/etiología , Trastornos Neurológicos de la Marcha/fisiopatología , Trastornos Neurológicos de la Marcha/terapia , Humanos , Nistagmo Patológico/diagnóstico , Nistagmo Patológico/etiología , Nistagmo Patológico/fisiopatología , Nistagmo Patológico/terapia , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/complicaciones , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/fisiopatología , Reflejo Vestibuloocular , Resultado del Tratamiento , Pruebas de Función Vestibular , Vestíbulo del Laberinto/inervación , Vestíbulo del Laberinto/fisiopatología
3.
Rehabilitation (Stuttg) ; 42(6): 371-7, 2003 Dec.
Artículo en Alemán | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14677109

RESUMEN

This paper describes a paralyzed patient diagnosed with severe infantile cerebral palsy, trained over a period of several months to use an EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) for verbal communication. The patient learned to "produce" two distinct EEG patterns by mental imagery and to use this skill for BCI-controlled spelling. The EEG feedback training was conducted at a clinic for Assisted Communications, supervised from a distant laboratory with the help of a telemonitoring system. As a function of training sessions significant learning progress was found, resulting in an average accuracy level of 70% correct responses for letter selection. At present, "copy spelling" can be performed with a rate of approximately one letter per minute. The proposed communication device, the "Virtual Keyboard", may improve actual levels of communication ability in completely paralyzed patients. "Telemonitoring-assisted" training facilitates clinical application in a larger number of patients.


Asunto(s)
Parálisis Cerebral/rehabilitación , Equipos de Comunicación para Personas con Discapacidad , Electroencefalografía/instrumentación , Imaginación/fisiología , Comunicación no Verbal/fisiología , Procesamiento de Señales Asistido por Computador/instrumentación , Interfaz Usuario-Computador , Potenciales de Acción/fisiología , Biorretroalimentación Psicológica/fisiología , Corteza Cerebral/fisiopatología , Parálisis Cerebral/fisiopatología , Sistemas de Computación , Terminales de Computador , Electromiografía/instrumentación , Electrooculografía/instrumentación , Humanos , Microcomputadores , Consulta Remota/instrumentación , Telemetría/instrumentación , Pensamiento/fisiología
4.
Artículo en Ruso | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12669505

RESUMEN

Influence of electrical stimulation of the medial preoptic area of cats on characteristics of paradoxical sleep and activity of medial preoptic neurons were studied in the course of sleep-waking cycle. Low-frequency stimulation of this structure in the state of slow-wave sleep evoked short-latency electrocortical desynchronization and induced transition to paradoxical sleep or paradocical sleep-like state. The same stimulation during the whole period of paradoxical sleep results in a reduction of its duration, practically complete disappearance of tonic stage, and increase in the density of rapid eye movements in phasic stage. The vast majority of meurons in the medial preoptic area decreased their firing rates during quiet waking and slow-wave sleep and dramatically increased their activity during paradoxical sleep. More than 50% of such neurons displayed activation 20-70 s prior to the appearance of electrocorticographic correlates of paradoxical sleep. Some neurons were selectively active during paradoxical sleep. Approximately 50% of cells increased their firing rates a few seconds prior to and/or during series of rapid eye movements. The results suggest that the medial preoptic area contains the units of the executive system (network) of paradoxical sleep and are involved in the mechanisms of neocortical desynchronization.


Asunto(s)
Hipotálamo/fisiología , Área Preóptica/fisiología , Sueño REM/fisiología , Animales , Gatos , Electrooculografía/instrumentación , Neuronas/fisiología
5.
Int J Neurosci ; 93(3-4): 185-8, 1998 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9639235

RESUMEN

Acoustic startle EMG responses were indexed from a traditional EOG electrode placement in 11 young adults while they viewed slides which varied in affective valence. We found, replicating earlier work that subjects' startle responses became more augmented as the content of the slides became more negative. The advantages of using an EOG electrode placement for measuring acoustic startle responses are discussed.


Asunto(s)
Electromiografía/psicología , Electrooculografía/métodos , Reflejo de Sobresalto/fisiología , Estimulación Acústica , Adulto , Parpadeo/fisiología , Electrodos , Electrooculografía/instrumentación , Electrooculografía/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino
6.
Artículo en Ruso | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8540251

RESUMEN

Subjects were instructed to modify their N100-P200 component of VEP (in Cz recording) within selected time window. The aim was to increase the number of VEPs for which the amplitude of segment in question exceeded the definite threshold. The success in task performance suggests several modifications of the to-be-conditioned segment through different mechanisms. Of our 26 subjects, 14 were able to modify their VEPs according to the task demands. However, the latter subjects could be divided into 2 groups on the basis of the rate of increase in the number of correct responses under conditioning. Subjects which did not succeed in task performance could be also classed into 2 groups: one group with statistically negligible changes and the other decreasing the number of correct responses. ANOVA has shown significant distinctions in task performance for the groups with different levels of self-estimation of tiredness after experiment and different personal strategies. The success in task performance is likely to be dependent on the values of Eysenck questionnaire scales and topography of alpha activity.


Asunto(s)
Biorretroalimentación Psicológica/fisiología , Condicionamiento Operante/fisiología , Potenciales Evocados Visuales/fisiología , Análisis de Varianza , Astenopía/fisiopatología , Biorretroalimentación Psicológica/métodos , Electroencefalografía/instrumentación , Electroencefalografía/estadística & datos numéricos , Electrooculografía/instrumentación , Electrooculografía/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estimulación Luminosa , Caracteres Sexuales , Procesamiento de Señales Asistido por Computador/instrumentación , Factores de Tiempo
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