OzFoodNet quarterly report, 1 April to 30 June 2015.

The Australian Government Department of Health established the OzFoodNet network in 2000 to collaborate nationally to investigate foodborne disease. In each Australian state and territory, OzFoodNet epidemiologists investigate outbreaks of enteric infection. In addition, OzFoodNet conducts studies on the burden of illness and coordinates national investigations into outbreaks of foodborne disease. This quarterly report documents investigations of outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness and clusters of disease potentially related to food, which commenced in Australia between 1 April and 30 June 2015. Data were received from OzFoodNet epidemiologists in all Australian states and territories. The data in this report are provisional and subject to change. During the 2nd quarter of 2015 (1 April to 30 June), OzFoodNet sites reported 352 outbreaks of enteric illness, including those transmitted by contaminated food or water. Outbreaks of gastroenteritis are often not reported to health authorities, which results in current figures under-representing the true burden of enteric disease outbreaks within Australia. There were 5,214 people affected in these outbreaks and 192 hospitalisations. There were 11 deaths reported during these outbreaks. This represents a decrease in the number of people affected compared with the 5-year average from 2010 to 2014 for the 2nd quarter (8,191). The majority of reported outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness in Australia are due to person-to-person transmission. In this quarter, 72% (255/352) of outbreaks were transmitted via this route (see Table 1). This percentage was similar to the same quarter in 2014 (73%, 305/419) but the total number is lower than the 5-year average (2nd quarter, 2010-2014) of 360 outbreaks transmitted person-to-person. Of the person-to-person outbreaks in the 2nd quarter of 2015, 47% (119/255) occurred in child care facilities and 40% (102/255) occurred in aged care facilities.

OzFoodNet quarterly report, 1 July to 30 September 2015.

The Australian Government Department of Health established the OzFoodNet network in 2000 to collaborate nationally to investigate foodborne disease. In each Australian state and territory, OzFoodNet epidemiologists investigate outbreaks of enteric infection. In addition, OzFoodNet conducts studies on the burden of illness and coordinates national investigations into outbreaks of foodborne disease. This quarterly report documents investigations of outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness and clusters of disease potentially related to food, which commenced in Australia between 1 July and 30 September 2015.

[Dried meats and the provisions of poisonous dried meat recorded in Er nian lü ling (Statutes of the second year) on Han bamboo slips unearthed in Zhangjiashan].

It was a common social phenomenon to process, to store and to consume dried meat in the Qin and Han Dynasties. But some dried meat was poisonous, which did much harm to people's health and even influenced the social stability at that time. A provision of poisonous dried meat in Statutes of the Second Year is the earliest statutes in ancient China on preventing and dealing with food poisoning now discovered. For the purpose of maintaining the social stability in early Han Dynasty, they stipulated the principles and methods of disposing the dried meat, and established the penalty standard for the breach of the dried meat disposing regulations, which has great significance in medical history and legislative history.