RESUMEN
A balanced, parallel-group, single-blinded randomized efficacy study divided into 2 periods was conducted to evaluate the effect of a premix containing higher than typically recommended levels of organic trace minerals and iodine (HOTMI) in reducing the incidence of active digital dermatitis (DD) lesions acquired naturally and induced by an experimental infection challenge model. For the natural exposure phase of the study, 120 healthy Holstein steers 5 to 7 mo of age without signs of hoof disease were randomized into 2 groups of 60 animals. The control group was fed a standard trace mineral supplement and the treatment group was fed the HOTMI premix, both for a period of 60 d. On d 60, 15 steers free of macroscopic DD lesions were randomly selected from each group for the challenge phase and transported to an experimental facility, where they were acclimated and then challenged within a DD infection model. The same diet group allocation was maintained during the 60 d of the challenge phase. The primary outcome measured was the development of an active DD lesion greater than 20mm in diameter across its largest dimension. No lesions were identified during the natural exposure phase. During the challenge phase, 55% (11/20) and 30% (6/20) of feet were diagnosed with an active DD lesion in the control and treatment groups, respectively. Diagnosis of DD was confirmed by histopathologic demonstration of invasive Treponema spp. within eroded and hyperplastic epidermis and ulcerated papillary dermis. All DD confirmed lesions had dark-field microscopic features compatible with DD and were positive for Treponema spp. by PCR. As a secondary outcome, the average DD lesion size observed in all feet was also evaluated. Overall mean (standard deviation) lesion size was 17.1 (2.36) mm and 11.1 (3.33) mm for the control and treatment groups, respectively, with this difference being driven by acute DD lesions >20mm. A trend existed for the HOTMI premix to reduce the total DD infection rate and the average size of the experimentally induced lesions. Further research is needed to validate the effect of this intervention strategy in the field and to generate prevention and control measures aimed at optimizing claw health based on nutritional programs.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Dermatitis Digital/microbiología , Dermatitis Digital/prevención & control , Oligoelementos/administración & dosificación , Infecciones por Treponema/veterinaria , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Dieta , Dermatitis Digital/patología , Enfermedades del Pie/microbiología , Enfermedades del Pie/prevención & control , Enfermedades del Pie/veterinaria , Pezuñas y Garras/microbiología , Pezuñas y Garras/patología , Yodo/administración & dosificación , Hígado/química , Masculino , Oligoelementos/análisis , Oligoelementos/sangre , Treponema/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Treponema/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Treponema/prevención & controlRESUMEN
We report a case of Staphylococcus aureus infection of the feet that appeared after a "fish pedicure" (immersion of the feet in a tank with the fish Garra rufa, that nibbles off dead skin). Clinical picture was characterized by maceration, purulent discharge, scales, crusts, itching and burning sensation. Bacteriological examinations were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Mycological examinations were negative. The patient was successfully treated with ciprofloxacin. Only one case of skin foot infection after fish pedicure was reported so far. Fish pedicure can be a potentially dangerous procedure in immunocompromised or diabetic patients.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Dermatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Dermatitis/microbiología , Enfermedades del Pie/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades del Pie/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Adulto , Animales , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapéutico , Cyprinidae/fisiología , Dermatitis/diagnóstico , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Pie , Enfermedades del Pie/diagnóstico , Grecia , Humanos , Inmersión , Hipoclorito de Sodio/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
1. Foot Pad Dermatitis (FPD) can be a serious health, quality and welfare problem in poultry production, with a significant affect on the economics of production. The physico-chemical properties of (NSP) have been correlated with increases in excreta viscosity and adherence, and hence FPD in broiler chickens. 2. Two broiler experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary non-starch polisaccharide (NSP) applications to corn-soyabean based diets in replicated floor pens. In addition to live performance, the incidence and severity of FPD was scored and, in experiment 2, intestinal viscosity and ammonia volatilization were measured. 3. Live performance did not vary with the different treatments in either experiment and the incidence and severity of FPD, and ammionia volatisation in experiment 2, were unaffected. However, birds reared on enzyme supplemented diets had lower (P < 0·001) intestinal viscosity levels in experiment 1. 4. In this study with corn-soyabean meal based diets, dietary enzyme supplementation had no affect on the incidence and severity of FPD. The lack of an association between the excreta viscosity and FPD is attributed to the multifactorial etiology of this condition.
Asunto(s)
Pollos , Dermatitis/veterinaria , Dieta/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Enfermedades del Pie/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/tratamiento farmacológico , Amoníaco/metabolismo , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Dermatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Dermatitis/epidemiología , Dermatitis/microbiología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Enzimas , Femenino , Enfermedades del Pie/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades del Pie/epidemiología , Enfermedades del Pie/microbiología , Incidencia , Intestinos/fisiología , Masculino , Polisacáridos/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/microbiología , Glycine max/metabolismo , Zea mays/metabolismoRESUMEN
When cattle and horses are fed large amounts of grain, histamine can accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract, and this accumulation can cause an acute inflammation of the hooves (laminitis). When ruminal fluid from dairy cattle fed grain supplements was serially diluted in anaerobic MRS medium containing histidine (50 mM), histamine was detected at dilutions as high as 10(-7). The histidine enrichments were then transferred successively in an anaerobic, carbonate-based medium (50 mM histidine) without glucose. The histamine producing bacteria could not be isolated from the rumens of cattle fed hay; however, histamine producing bacteria could be isolated the feces of cattle fed grain and the cecum of a horse. All of the histamine producing isolates had the same ovoid morphology. The cells stained Gram-negative and were resistant to the ionophore, monensin (25 microM). The doubling time was 110 min, and the yield was 1.5 mg cell protein per mmol histidine. The G+C content was 46.8%. Lysine was the only other amino acid used, but lysine did not allow growth if histidine was absent. Because carbohydrate and organic acid utilization was not detected, it appeared that the isolates used histidine decarboxylation as their sole mechanism of energy derivation. 16s rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the isolates were most closely related to low G+C Gram-positive bacteria (firmicutes), but similarities were < or = 94%. Because the most closely related bacteria (Dialister pneumonsintes, Megasphaera elsdenii and Selenomonas ruminantium) did not produce histamine from histidine, we propose that these histamine producing bacteria be assigned to a new genus, Allisonella, as Allisonella histaminiformans gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is MR2 (ATCC BAA610, DSM 15230).
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Enfermedades del Pie/veterinaria , Bacterias Grampositivas/clasificación , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/microbiología , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Animales , Composición de Base , Secuencia de Bases , Bovinos , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Enfermedades del Pie/microbiología , Bacterias Grampositivas/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias Grampositivas/metabolismo , Bacterias Grampositivas/patogenicidad , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/microbiología , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/patología , Histamina/biosíntesis , Histidina/metabolismo , Pezuñas y Garras/microbiología , Caballos , Inflamación/microbiología , Inflamación/veterinaria , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Homología de SecuenciaRESUMEN
Mycobacterium ulcerans inoculated into the footpads of mice at 6 x 10(3) CFU was shown to have a generation time of 6.5 days when estimated from weekly changes in microscopic counts of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and 7.5 days when calculated from actual CFU enumerated on Lowenstein-Jensen egg medium incubated at 32 degrees C. Footpads became swollen at week 10 (W10) after infection, and all infected control mice were dead at W15 after infection. Daily (5 days/week) treatment with 100 mg of clarithromycin (CLR)/kg of body weight beginning the day after infection prevented swelling of footpads at W10. When initiation of treatment was delayed until obvious footpad swelling was observed, there was a reduction in both the increase in AFB counts and deterioration of swollen footpads and also a prolonged survival of the mice to W18. Mice infected in the hind footpads with 5 x 10(5) CFU of M. ulcerans were divided into an untreated control group and six treatment groups that received one of the following therapies for 8 weeks: 100 mg of CLR/kg, 25 mg of minocycline (MIN)/kg, 50 mg of sparfloxacin (SPX)/kg, 10 mg of rifampin (RIF)/kg, 10 mg of rifabutin (RBT)/kg, or 100 mg of amikacin (AMK)/kg. After completion of therapy, treated animals were observed for an additional 17 weeks. All control mice and mice treated with CLR, MIN, or SPX exhibited swollen footpads during the observation period. In contrast, of those animals treated with RIF, RBT, or AMK, none had footpad swelling and all inoculated cultures done after the W17 observation remained negative. These results suggest that RIF, RBT, and AMK may be effective in the treatment of human infection with M. ulcerans.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Mycobacterium ulcerans/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Enfermedades del Pie/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades del Pie/microbiología , Ratones , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Células Madre/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Many patients with diabetes can lead a full life without developing diabetic lesions in their feet. This is because these patients have avoided the precipitating factors of which the most important is mechanical trauma and infections. We present five cases of diabetic patients who, out of ignorance, listened to bad advice by using hot therapy to treat their peripheral neuropathy. This resulted in burns and secondary infections. All of them required large surgical debridement and prolonged costly hospital stay to treat their condition. Fortunately, none of them required amputation. This paper hopes to highlight the dangers of self treatment and medication in diabetic foot lesions.
Asunto(s)
Quemaduras/etiología , Pie Diabético/terapia , Hipertermia Inducida/efectos adversos , Anciano , Características Culturales , Desbridamiento , Pie Diabético/complicaciones , Femenino , Enfermedades del Pie/etiología , Enfermedades del Pie/microbiología , Enfermedades del Pie/cirugía , Calor , Humanos , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional China , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/terapia , SingapurRESUMEN
Phialophora species are occasional pathogens causing subcutaneous and invasive disease. We report the first case of eumycetoma caused by P. parasitica in an otherwise healthy U.K. resident who visited India. She failed to respond to surgical excision and itraconazole, 400 mg daily, but responded to itraconazole, 400 mg daily, and flucytosine, 1 g three times daily, for 12 months. In vitro susceptibility testing predicted a response.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades del Pie/microbiología , Micosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Micosis/microbiología , Phialophora , Infecciones de los Tejidos Blandos/microbiología , Adulto , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Flucitosina/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades del Pie/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Itraconazol/uso terapéutico , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Phialophora/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones de los Tejidos Blandos/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed following a double-blind, randomized study of ampicillin/sulbactam (A/S) versus imipenem/cilastatin (I/C) for the treatment of limb-threatening foot infections in 90 diabetic patients. There were no significant differences between the treatments in terms of clinical success rate, adverse-event frequency, duration of study antibiotic treatment, or length of hospitalization. Costs of the study antibiotics, treatment of failures and adverse events, and hospitalization were calculated. Mean per-patient treatment cost in the A/S group was $14,084, compared with $17,008 in the I/C group (P = .05), primarily because of lower drug and hospitalization costs and less-severe adverse events in the A/S group. Sensitivity analyses varying drug prices or hospital costs demonstrated that A/S was consistently more cost-effective than I/C. Varying the clinical success rate for each drug revealed that I/C would have to be 30% more effective than A/S to change the economic decisions.
Asunto(s)
Ampicilina/economía , Ampicilina/uso terapéutico , Antibacterianos/economía , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Bacterianas/tratamiento farmacológico , Cilastatina/economía , Cilastatina/uso terapéutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicaciones , Quimioterapia/economía , Enfermedades del Pie/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades del Pie/microbiología , Imipenem/economía , Imipenem/uso terapéutico , Penicilinas/economía , Penicilinas/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Proteasas/economía , Inhibidores de Proteasas/uso terapéutico , Sulbactam/economía , Sulbactam/uso terapéutico , Tienamicinas/economía , Tienamicinas/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Ampicilina/efectos adversos , Antibacterianos/efectos adversos , Cilastatina/efectos adversos , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Costos de los Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Enfermedades del Pie/complicaciones , Costos de Hospital , Hospitalización , Humanos , Imipenem/efectos adversos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Penicilinas/efectos adversos , Inhibidores de Proteasas/efectos adversos , Sulbactam/efectos adversos , Tienamicinas/efectos adversosRESUMEN
From January 1990 to December 1993, 23 adults were hospitalized at our institution for treatment of foot infections that occurred following nail puncture wounds. All 23 patients had cellulitis, and 14 had signs of osteochondritis on a roentgenogram or a 99mTc bone scan. After undergoing surgical intervention that consisted of debridement, drainage of the pus, and exploration of the bones, patients received intravenous ciprofloxacin (400 mg b.i.d.) for 24 hours, followed by an oral regimen (750 mg b.i.d.). Nine patients with cellulitis received oral therapy for 7 days, and the 14 patients with osteochondritis received oral therapy for 14 days. Isolates that were recovered included Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18 patients) and Staphylococcus aureus (2 patients); one patient had a mixed infection, and in two cases no pathogens were recovered. All of the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. All patients were cured, and none had reinfection. Our results show that foot infection following a nail puncture wound may be treated with oral ciprofloxacin (750 mg b.i.d.) for 7-14 days, provided that surgery is performed first.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapéutico , Uñas/lesiones , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección de Heridas/tratamiento farmacológico , Heridas Penetrantes/microbiología , Administración Oral , Adolescente , Adulto , Antiinfecciosos/administración & dosificación , Celulitis (Flemón)/diagnóstico por imagen , Celulitis (Flemón)/tratamiento farmacológico , Celulitis (Flemón)/microbiología , Ciprofloxacina/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Enfermedades del Pie/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades del Pie/microbiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Compuestos de Organotecnecio , Osteocondritis/diagnóstico por imagen , Osteocondritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Osteocondritis/microbiología , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/microbiología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/aislamiento & purificación , Cintigrafía , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Infección de Heridas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Aeromonas hydrophilia, a Gram-negative facultative anaerobe, is a rare cause of cellulitis. We review the literature and report a case of Aeromonas hydrophilia cellulitis which failed to respond to the conventional management of surgical debridement and antibiotics. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was used successfully to control the infection. As far as we are aware this is the first case in world literature of Aeromonas hydrophilia cellulitis treated with hyperbaric oxygen.
Asunto(s)
Aeromonas hydrophila , Celulitis (Flemón)/microbiología , Celulitis (Flemón)/terapia , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/terapia , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica , Enfermedades del Pie/microbiología , Enfermedades del Pie/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare, often fatal soft tissue infection. It still remains a confusing entity because of the nomenclature and multiple subtypes described in the past. An interesting case study of a patient with necrotizing fasciitis secondary to nonclostridial gas gangrene is presented. A comprehensive review of necrotizing fasciitis, its disease process and treatment modalities will be discussed.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Bacterianas/clasificación , Fascitis/microbiología , Enfermedades del Pie/microbiología , Necrosis/microbiología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/cirugía , Bacterias Anaerobias/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones Bacterianas/cirugía , Bacteroides/aislamiento & purificación , Ácidos Clavulánicos/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia Combinada/uso terapéutico , Fascitis/cirugía , Fascitis/terapia , Enfermedades del Pie/cirugía , Úlcera del Pie/microbiología , Gangrena/clasificación , Gangrena/microbiología , Humanos , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Necrosis/clasificación , Trasplante de Piel , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Streptococcus pyogenes/aislamiento & purificación , Ticarcilina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The authors studied 59 diabetics with foot infections to determine the organisms responsible and the sensitivity to antibiotics. All infections were polymicrobial (aerobic and anaerobic). On average 3.2 isolates per culture were obtained from the depth of the infection. The commonest organisms in order of frequency were: Staphylococcus aureus, beta-hemolytic streptococci, Proteus sp., Bacteroides sp., enterococci, Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A combination of piperacillin and cloxacillin is recommended as initial therapy for foot infections in diabetic patients because it was found to be effective for 73% of the causative microorganisms.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Bacterianas , Complicaciones de la Diabetes , Enfermedades del Pie/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedades del Pie/microbiología , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
A total of 40 coal miners, 35 with culturally proven mycotic infections of the feet and 5 with similarly proven infections of toenails due to Hendersonula toruloidea, Scytalidium hyalinum and dermatophytes, were treated with 1% cream of either isoconazole nitrate (Travogen) or clotrimazole (Canestan) for 4 weeks. The clinical cure rates for the isoconazole-treated group for itching, inflammation, scaling and maceration in the cases of foot infections were 89, 88, 83 and 83% respectively. For the clotrimazole-treated group, the cure rates were 76, 71, 82 and 80% respectively, for the similar symptoms. Toe web was the commonest site of infection and also most easily treated with either clotrimazole or isoconazole. The clinical and mycological cure rates 6 weeks after treatment were 80% for the isoconazole-treated group and 70% for the clotrimazole-treated group but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.01). None of the cases of toenail infection could be cured by treatment with either of the two drugs.