RESUMEN
Phytochemical investigation of the seeds of Cichorium intybus L (C. intybus) led to isolate n-hexacosane (CI-1), an aliphatic higher ketone, n-nonacosan-3-one (CI-2), two aliphatic acid esters characterized as n-octacosanyl decanoate (CI-3) and n-tricosanyl hexadecanoate (CI-4), two mixed glycerides identified as as glyceryl-1-(hexadec-7- enoyl)-2- tetradecanoyl-3-hexadecanoate (Cl-5) and glyceryl-1- (eicos-9-enoyl)-2,3, bis-eicosanoate (Cl-6), and three e steroidal constituents and their structures were elucidated as as stigmast-5, 22-dien-3ß -ol-21-oic acids (Cl-7), stigmasterol-3ß-d-glucopyranoside (Cl-8) and stigmast-5, 22-dien-3-ß-ol-3-ß-d-glucuronopyranoside (Cl-9). The dry seeds powder was defatted and finally extracted with ethanol by using a maceration method. The ethanol was evaporated near to dryness and silica gel was added to the extract and a slurry with the help of methanol solvent was prepared. The slurry was loaded to the column by using petroleum ether and was eluted with a mixture of chloroform and methanol. A series of test tubes were collected and each test tube with 2 mL eluents was collected. Based on the thin layer chromatography (TLC) the content of nine test tubes were considered as pure compounds. The solvent was evaporated from the test tube at room temperature. All the nine compounds from the column were characterized by using Infrared (IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass spectrometry (MS). Eight compounds were previously isolated from the plant and they showed various biological activities. A new compound was isolated for the first time from the plant kingdoms. Based on the chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis the new compound was characterized as stigmasterol carboxylic acid (CI-9). The isolated new compound could be used to treat liver and cardiac diseases.
Asunto(s)
Glicósidos , Terpenos , Glicósidos/análisis , Terpenos/análisis , Estigmasterol/análisis , Metanol , Extractos Vegetales/química , Semillas/química , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , SolventesRESUMEN
Cancer is a global public health problem that is related to different environmental and lifestyle factors. Although the combination of screening, prevention, and treatment of cancer has resulted in increased patient survival, conventional treatments sometimes have therapeutic limitations such as resistance to drugs or severe side effects. Oriental culture includes herbal medicine as a complementary therapy in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. This study aimed to identify the bioactive ingredients in Kalanchoe pinnata, a succulent herb with ethnomedical applications for several diseases, including cancer, and reveal its anticancer mechanisms through a molecular approach. The herb contains gallic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, quercetin, quercitrin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, bersaldegenin, bryophyllin a, bryophyllin c, bryophynol, bryophyllol and bryophollone, stigmasterol, campesterol, and other elements. Its phytochemicals participate in the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration, angiogenesis, metastasis, oxidative stress, and autophagy. They have the potential to act as epigenetic drugs by reverting the acquired epigenetic changes associated with tumor resistance to therapy-such as the promoter methylation of suppressor genes, inhibition of DNMT1 and DNMT3b activity, and HDAC regulation-through methylation, thereby regulating the expression of genes involved in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Nrf2/Keap1, MEK/ERK, and Wnt/ß-catenin pathways. All of the data support the use of K. pinnata as an adjuvant in cancer treatment.
Asunto(s)
Kalanchoe , Ácidos Cumáricos/análisis , Epigénesis Genética , Ácido Gálico/análisis , Humanos , Quempferoles/análisis , Kalanchoe/química , Kalanchoe/genética , Proteína 1 Asociada A ECH Tipo Kelch , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2 , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas , Hojas de la Planta/química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Quercetina/farmacología , Estigmasterol/análisis , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR , beta CateninaRESUMEN
Two new compounds, an isoquinoline (1) and caloneuramide (2), a ceramide were isolated from the stem bark of Discoglypremna caloneura together with seven known compounds namely aurantiamide acetate (3), acetylaleuritolic acid (4), 3α-hydroxylaleuritolic acid 2α-p-hydroxybenzoate (5), mixture of stigmasterol (6) and ß-sitosterol (7), mixture of 7-oxo-stigmasterol (8) and 7-oxo-ß-sitosterol (9). Their structures were determined based on data from literature and spectroscopic methods. Derivatization reactions on the isoquinoline led to two new compounds, the methylated (10) and acetylated (11) derivatives. Some compounds and extracts were evaluated for their cytotoxic and antiproteinase activity. Antiproteinase effect of compounds 1, 10 and 11 exhibited IC50 values of 10.77, 1.19 and 3.61 µg/mL respectively; significantly low compared to the standard drug, acetyl salicylic acid (IC50 = 20.28 µg/mL). Ethyl acetate and methanol extract exhibited moderate cytotoxicity activity on Chang liver cells with CC50 values of 167.90 ± 2.20 and 106.30 ± 2.03 µg/mL compared to the reference drug cucurmin (CC50 = 11.05 ± 1.04 µg/mL).
Asunto(s)
Euphorbiaceae , Ceramidas/farmacología , Euphorbiaceae/química , Isoquinolinas , Corteza de la Planta/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Estigmasterol/análisisRESUMEN
Cannabis sativa L. has been used for a long time to obtain food, fiber, and as a medicinal and psychoactive plant. Today, the nutraceutical potential of C.sativa is being increasingly reappraised; however, C. sativa roots remain poorly studied, despite citations in the scientific literature. In this direction, we identified and quantified the presence of valuable bioactives (namely, ß-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, friedelin, and epi-friedelanol) in the root extracts of C. sativa, a finding which might pave the way to the exploitation of the therapeutic potential of all parts of the C. sativa plant. To facilitate root harvesting and processing, aeroponic (AP) and aeroponic-elicited cultures (AEP) were established and compared to soil-cultivated plants (SP). Interestingly, considerably increased plant growth-particularly of the roots-and a significant increase (up to 20-fold in the case of ß-sitosterol) in the total content of the aforementioned roots' bioactive molecules were observed in AP and AEP. In conclusion, aeroponics, an easy, standardized, contaminant-free cultivation technique, facilitates the harvesting/processing of roots along with a greater production of their secondary bioactive metabolites, which could be utilized in the formulation of health-promoting and health-care products.
Asunto(s)
Cannabis/química , Cannabis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hidroponía , Colesterol/análogos & derivados , Colesterol/análisis , Ácido Oleanólico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Oleanólico/análisis , Fitosteroles/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Raíces de Plantas/química , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Sitoesteroles/análisis , Estigmasterol/análisis , Triterpenos/análisisRESUMEN
The nutritional composition and chemical properties of the Chinese highland barley bran oil were characterized in this study. The barley bran oil extracted with solvent possessed relatively high acid value and peroxide value, indicating that the oil should be further refined before using. The fatty acid composition of the oil showed that the content of unsaturated fatty acids was 80.12 g/100 g, in which the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was as high as 60.41 g/100 g. The overall triacylglycerol profile showed that the oil contained 27 TAGs including 21 regioisomers. Major TAGs included LLL (21.08 g/100 g), PLL (19.27 g/100 g), LLO (12.24 g/100 g), and LLLn (12.17 g/100 g). The total unsaponifiable matter of the oil reached up to 10.74 g/100 g oil. The total phytosterol content reached 7.90 g/100 g oil, in which ß-sitosterol was the most predominant, with the content of 5.69 g/100 g oil. Other important sterols included campesterol (1.32 g/100 g oil), lanosterol (0.70 g/100 g oil) and stigmasterol (0.19 g/100 g oil).
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/análisis , Hordeum/química , Nutrientes/análisis , Fitosteroles/análisis , Aceites de Plantas/química , Triglicéridos/análisis , China , Colesterol/análogos & derivados , Colesterol/análisis , Lanosterol/análisis , Sitoesteroles/análisis , Estigmasterol/análisisRESUMEN
Brevicoryne brassicae is a problematic pest in cabbage and other field crops. Synthetic pesticides are used to control this pest, but they are injurious for human health and the environment. The present study aimed to purify and identify the active compounds from Citrullus colocynthis leaves with an appraisal of their efficacy against B. brassicae. Separation and purification were performed via different chromatographic techniques. Molecular analysis and chemical structures were recognized by mass spectrum (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), respectively. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo aphicidal activity was assessed using various concentrations, i.e., 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 µg/mL at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h exposure. The outcome shows that mass spectrum analyses of the purified compounds suggested the molecular formulae are C30H50O and C29H50O, C29H48O. The compounds were characterized as fernenol and a mixture of spinasterol, 22,23-dihydrospinasterol by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectrum analysis. The toxicity results showed that the mixture of spinasterol and 22,23-dihydrospinasterol showed LC50 values of 32.36, 44.49 and 37.50 µg/mL by contact, residual and greenhouse assay at 72 h exposure, respectively. In contrast, fernenol recorded LC50 values as 47.99, 57.46 and 58.67 µg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, spinasterol, 22,23-dihydrospinasterol showed the highest mortality, i.e., 66.67%, 53.33% and 60% while, 30%, 23.33% and 25% mortality was recorded by fernenol after 72 h at 50 µg/mL by contact, residual and greenhouse assay, respectively. This study suggests that spinasterol, 22,23-dihydrospinasterol are more effective against B. brassicae which may be introduced as an effective and suitable substitute of synthetic chemical pesticides.
Asunto(s)
Áfidos/efectos de los fármacos , Citrullus colocynthis/química , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Hojas de la Planta/química , Sitoesteroles/toxicidad , Estigmasterol/análogos & derivados , Triterpenos/toxicidad , Animales , Insecticidas/análisis , Insecticidas/aislamiento & purificación , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Espectrometría de Masas , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Sitoesteroles/análisis , Sitoesteroles/química , Sitoesteroles/aislamiento & purificación , Estigmasterol/análisis , Estigmasterol/química , Estigmasterol/aislamiento & purificación , Estigmasterol/toxicidad , Triterpenos/análisis , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Vegetable lipid emulsions (LE) contain non-declared phytosterols (PS). We aimed to determine PS content depending on the brand and LE batch, and in adult hospitalised patients treated with parenteral nutrition (PN), to establish the association between plasma and administered PS. Part I was the LE study: totals and fractions of PS in three to four non-consecutive batches from six LE were analysed. Part II was the patient study: patients with at least 7 previous days of PN with 0·8 g/kg per d of an olive/soyabean (O/S) LE were randomised (day 0) 1:1 to O/S or 100 % fish oil (FO) at a dose of 0·4 g/kg per d for 7 d (day 7). Plasma PS, its fractions, total cholesterol on days 0 and 7, their clearance and their association with PS administered by LE were studied. In part I, LE study: differences were found in the total PS, their fractions and cholesterol among different LE brands and batches. Exclusive soyabean LE had the highest content of PS (422·36 (sd 130·46) µg/ml). In part II, patient study: nineteen patients were included. In the O/S group, PS levels were maintained (1·11 (sd 6·98) µg/ml) from day 0 to 7, while in the FO group, significant decreases were seen in total PS (-6·21 (sd 4·73) µg/ml) and their fractions, except for campesterol and stigmasterol. Plasma PS on day 7 were significantly associated with PS administered (R2 0·443). PS content in different LE brands had great variability. PS administered during PN resulted in accumulation and could be prevented with the exclusive administration of FO LE.
Asunto(s)
Emulsiones Grasas Intravenosas/análisis , Hipercolesterolemia/etiología , Enfermedades Intestinales/etiología , Errores Innatos del Metabolismo Lipídico/etiología , Soluciones para Nutrición Parenteral/química , Nutrición Parenteral/efectos adversos , Fitosteroles/efectos adversos , Fitosteroles/análisis , Adulto , Colesterol/análogos & derivados , Colesterol/análisis , Colesterol/sangre , Femenino , Aceites de Pescado/análisis , Humanos , Pacientes Internos , Masculino , Aceites de Plantas/análisis , Estudios Prospectivos , Estigmasterol/análisis , Verduras/químicaRESUMEN
Abstract In the last years phytosterols, natural components of plants, have received more attention due to association of their consumption with reducing risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. There are several scientific studies about phytosterols in vegetable oils, but they are scarce in unconventional oils. The objective of this research was evaluating the content of phytosterols (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol) in vegetable oils sold in São Paulo city, in Brazil. The analysis included cold alkaline saponification, derivatization with hexamethyldisilazane and trimethylchlorosilane reagents, and quantification by gas chromatography using flame ionization detection and internal standardization. The quality control parameters indicated that the method was suitable for analysis. Total sterols were between 272.3 mg kg-1 (coconut oil) to 6169.7 mg kg-1 (evening primrose oil). β-sitosterol was the component found in higher concentrations and evening primrose oil was the most representative in quantity of phytosterols.
Asunto(s)
Fitosteroles/análisis , Aceites de Plantas/análisis , Sitoesteroles/análisis , Estigmasterol/análisis , Aceites de Plantas/clasificación , Brasil , Cromatografía de Gases , Lino , Carthamus tinctorius , Aceite de Palma/análisisRESUMEN
A method was developed to simultaneously determine eight bioactive compounds in edible oil based on ultrasound-assisted saponification, liquid-liquid extraction and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Central composite design was employed to optimize ultrasonic temperature and time of saponification. Sample treatment was conducted by ultrasound-assisted saponification at temperature of 75⯰C for 40â¯min. Limits of detection and limits of quantification ranged from 2.0 to 3.2 and from 6.1 to 10.0â¯ng/mL, respectively. Linear correlations were obtained (R2â¯>â¯0.99) and the recoveries at three spiked levels were between 81.7% and 112.0%. This method was employed to determine eight compounds in camellia oils and olive oils. As results, the contents of stigmasterol, δ-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, ß-carotene and lutein in camellia oils were significantly higher than those in olive oils (pâ¯<â¯0.05). The proposed method can be successfully used to determination of these eight active compounds in camellia oil and other edible oils.
Asunto(s)
Carotenoides/análisis , Fitosteroles/análisis , Aceites de Plantas/química , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Tocoferoles/análisis , Camellia/química , Camellia/metabolismo , Carotenoides/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Límite de Detección , Extracción Líquido-Líquido , Fitosteroles/aislamiento & purificación , Sonicación , Estigmasterol/análisis , Estigmasterol/aislamiento & purificación , Tocoferoles/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
A simple, rapid, accurate and precise RP-HPLC method was developed for the determination of stigmasterol in botanical extract of Ficus deltoidea. Separation was achieved with acetonitrile and acetic acid in water (75:25% v/v) in isocratic mode at 210 nm. Single sharp peak of standard stigmasterol was detected at retention time 3.17 min which overlay with the peak of plant extract at 3.14 min. The calibration curve was found to be linear in a concentration range of 2-10 µg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.998. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 1.50 µg/ml and 4.55 µg/ml respectively. Accuracy and precision was determined with overall recovery of 99.6-100.1% for stigmasterol and RSD values in both intra-day and inter-day repeatability assay lesser than 0.340%, respectively. The robustness study also indicated that there is no influence of minor changes in detecting wavelength and flow rate of mobile phase on the response.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Ficus/química , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Estigmasterol/análisis , Acetonitrilos/química , Calibración , Límite de Detección , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
Phytosterols are one of the bioactive components responsible for the beneficial effects of Serenoa repens in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia. The aim of this study was to verify the actual variability of the phytosterols content in supplements containing serenoa, in order to provide useful elements to check the effectiveness of these preparations. The amount of campesterol, stigmasterol and ß-sitosterol were determined by gas-chromatography in commercial raw materials and supplements containing serenoa in association or not with other botanicals. The experimental data were used to calculate amounts of phytosterols for recommended daily dose. The overall results of this study show an extreme variability in the content and also in the amounts per daily dose of phytosterols of the examined supplements (both mono/multi components). These data confirm that the characterization of serenoa based supplements is insufficient to ensure comparable effects between different products.
Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Fitosteroles/análisis , Serenoa/química , Colesterol/análogos & derivados , Colesterol/análisis , Cromatografía de Gases/métodos , Sitoesteroles/análisis , Estigmasterol/análisisRESUMEN
The functional chemical substances and the antioxidant activity of lipids in 21 marine algae along the Japanese coast were investigated. Principal component analysis was performed to detect any correlation between the chemical substances and algae phylum. Chlorophyta contained a high level of ß-carotene. Rhodophyta contained high amounts of cholesterol, ß-sitosterol, and saturated fatty acids. Phaeophyta were rich in fucosterol, α-tocopherol, fucoxanthin, and polyphenol. Phaeophyta algae also showed the highest antioxidant activity compared with other phylum. This suggests that Phaeophyta has the greatest potential to be used as a functional food. Consumption of the beneficial Phaeophyta species, such as Eisenia arborea Areschoug and Ecklonia cava Kjellman should be encouraged as not only as food products but also as nutraceuticals and dietary supplements. These beneficial ingredients should be encouraged to be studied in depth with the possibility to develop specific formulated products target to special consumer's population with added nutritional value.
Asunto(s)
Chlorophyta/química , Alimentos Funcionales , Phaeophyceae/química , Rhodophyta/química , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Carotenoides/análisis , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/análisis , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/farmacología , Alimentos Funcionales/análisis , Japón , Polifenoles/análisis , Análisis de Componente Principal , Estigmasterol/análogos & derivados , Estigmasterol/análisis , Tocoferoles/análisis , Xantófilas/análisisRESUMEN
Hypolipidemic effect of Portulaca oleracea L. seed extract and its fractions have been studied on streptozotocin (STZ) at dose 75 mg/kg b.wt. After fractionation of the alcoholic extract; petroleum ether fraction was the most active fraction that decreased different hyperlipidemia biochemical parameters. After chromatographic analysis; oleamide, ethylpalmitate, ß-amyrin, stigmasterol and ß-sitosterol were identified. The GLC analysis of unsaponifiable matter revealed the presence of; lignoceric acid as a major constituent in the most bioactive fraction. In conclusion, petroleum ether fraction possessed a hypolipidemic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats, which may be attributed to its phytosterols, fatty acid and amide compounds. The finding of the present investigation strongly demonstrates the potential of non-polar fraction of P. oleracea L. seed in combating hyperlipidemia in diabetic condition. So the petroleum ether fractions and its constituents can be used as hypolipdemic supplement in the developing countries towards the development of new therapeutic agents.
Asunto(s)
Hipolipemiantes/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Portulaca/química , Animales , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperlipidemias/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipolipemiantes/química , Masculino , Fitosteroles/análisis , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Ratas , Semillas/química , Sitoesteroles/análisis , Estigmasterol/análisis , EstreptozocinaRESUMEN
High-Performance Thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) combined with DPPH free radical method and α-amylase bioassay was used to compare antioxidant and antidiabetic activities in ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts from 10 marine macroalgae species (3 Chlorophyta, 4 Phaeophyta and 3 Rhodophyta) from Blue Lagoon beach (Malaysia). Samples were also evaluated for their phenolic and stigmasterol content. On average, higher antioxidant activity was observed in the ethyl acetate extracts (55.1mg/100g gallic acid equivalents (GAE) compared to 35.0mg/100g GAE) while, as expected, phenolic content was higher in ethanol extracts (330.5mg/100g GAE compared to 289.5mg/100g GAE). Amounts of fucoxanthin, stigmasterol and α-amylase inhibitory activities were higher in ethyl acetate extracts. Higher enzyme inhibition is therefore related to higher concentrations of triterpenes and phytosterols (Note: these compounds are more soluble in ethyl acetate). Ethyl acetate extracts from Caulerpa racemosa and Padina minor, had the highest α-amylase inhibitory activity, and also showed moderately high antioxidant activities, stigmasterol content and polyphenolic content. Caulerpa racemose, being green algae, does not contain fucoxanthin, while Padina minor, being brown algae, contains high amounts of fucoxanthin. Therefore, it is very unlikely that fucoxanthin contributes to α-amylase inhibitory activity as previously reported.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Chlorophyta/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Phaeophyceae/química , Rhodophyta/química , alfa-Amilasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antioxidantes/química , Hipoglucemiantes/análisis , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Malasia , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Estigmasterol/análisis , Estigmasterol/química , Xantófilas/análisis , Xantófilas/química , Xantófilas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease which reduces the life quality of affected individuals. Therapeutic tools used for treating inflammatory pain are associated with several undesirable effects. Buddleja thyrsoides Lam., known as 'Barbasco' or 'Cambara', is mostly used in several disorders and possesses antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. Here, we investigated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the B. thyrsoides crude extract applied orally and topically in acute pain models and an arthritic pain model induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) paw injection in male mice (25-30â g). The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the B. thyrsoides extract crude revealed the presence of the lupeol, stigmasterol, and ß-sitosterol. The stability study of the B. thyrsoides gel did not show relevant changes at low temperatures. The oral treatment with the B. thrysoides extract prevented the capsaicin-induced spontaneous nociception and the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, but did not alter the thermal threshold in the tail immersion test. The B. thyrsoides antinociceptive effect was not reversed by naloxone in the capsaicin test. The B. thyrsoides oral or topical treatment reversed the CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia with maximum inhibition (Imax) of 69 ± 6 and 68 ± 5% as well as 78 ± 15 and 87 ± 12%, respectively. Moreover, the topical but not oral treatment inhibited the CFA-induced cell infiltration, but did not reduce the paw edema significantly. The oral treatment with B. thyrsoides did not cause adverse effects. These findings suggest that the oral or topical treatment with B. thyrsoides presents antinociceptive actions in an arthritic pain model without causing adverse effects.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos no Narcóticos/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Artritis Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Buddleja/química , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Hojas de la Planta/química , Dolor Agudo/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración Cutánea , Administración Oral , Analgésicos no Narcóticos/administración & dosificación , Analgésicos no Narcóticos/efectos adversos , Analgésicos no Narcóticos/química , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/administración & dosificación , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/efectos adversos , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/química , Brasil , Buddleja/crecimiento & desarrollo , Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Almacenaje de Medicamentos , Etnofarmacología , Geles , Calor/efectos adversos , Masculino , Ratones , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/administración & dosificación , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/efectos adversos , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/análisis , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/efectos adversos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hojas de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Sitoesteroles/administración & dosificación , Sitoesteroles/efectos adversos , Sitoesteroles/análisis , Sitoesteroles/uso terapéutico , Estigmasterol/administración & dosificación , Estigmasterol/efectos adversos , Estigmasterol/análisis , Estigmasterol/uso terapéutico , ViscosidadRESUMEN
In this study, six known compounds 1-6 were isolated from the aerial parts of Silene arenarioides Desf. using different chromatographic methods. The structures of these compounds were identified as maltol glycoside (1), soyacerebroside I (2), chrysin (3), apigenin (4), quercetin (5) and stigmasterol glucoside (6). The compounds (1) and (2) are reported for the first time from this genus. The isolated compounds were determined using NMR techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY, HSQC and HMBC) and mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS). The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of extracts and of compound (1) have been evaluated. The antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH radical scavenging method, which showed that methanol extract possesses a good antioxidant activity with value of IC50 = 8.064 ± 0.005 µg/mL.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Glicósidos/química , Glicósidos/farmacología , Silene/química , Apigenina/análisis , Apigenina/farmacología , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Flavonoides/análisis , Flavonoides/química , Glucósidos/análisis , Glucósidos/farmacología , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Estructura Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Quercetina/análisis , Quercetina/farmacología , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Estigmasterol/análogos & derivados , Estigmasterol/análisis , Estigmasterol/farmacologíaRESUMEN
We aimed to examine the substance in a precipitate of heat-treated onion concentrate (HOC) that contributes to a sensation of lingering of aroma, a koku attribute induced by the sensing of richness and persistence in terms of taste, aroma and texture. Adding precipitate, separated from HOC, to consommé enhanced the lingering sensation of aroma in the consommé more than adding the supernatant from HOC. After the precipitate was washed with hot water and ethanol its enhancing effect disappeared. Analysis of the HOC precipitate showed that it contained phytosterols, such as beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol. Tests of binding to aroma compounds showed that both sterols, as well as the washed precipitate, were able to bind methyl propyl disulfide and N-hexanal. Thus phytosterols in the HOC precipitate seemed to bind and hold the aroma compounds and gradually release them, inducing a lingering sensation of aroma under the koku concept during consumption.
Asunto(s)
Odorantes/análisis , Cebollas/química , Fitosteroles/análisis , Aldehídos/química , Etanol/química , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Calor , Sitoesteroles/análisis , Esteroles/química , Estigmasterol/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that metabolomics has a definite place in food quality, nutritional value, and safety issues. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the metabolites in different pasta samples with fibre, and to investigate the modifications induced in these different kinds of pasta during cooking, using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach. RESULTS: Differences were seen for some of the amino acids, which were absent in control pasta, while were present both in the commercially available high-fibre pasta (samples A-C) and the enriched pasta (samples D-F). The highest content in reducing sugars was observed in enriched samples in comparison with high-fibre pasta. The presence of stigmasterol in samples enriched with wheat bran was relevant. Cooking decreased all of the metabolites: the high-fibre pasta (A-C) and Control showed losses of amino acids and tocopherols, while for sugars and organic acids, the decrease depended on the pasta sample. The enriched pasta samples (D-F) showed the same decreases with the exception of phytosterols, and in pasta with barley the decrease of saturated fatty acids was not significant as for tocopherols in pasta with oat. Principal component analysis of the metabolites and the pasta discrimination was effective in differentiating the enriched pasta from the commercial pasta, both uncooked and cooked. CONCLUSIONS: The study has established that such metabolomic analyses provide useful tools in the evaluation of the changes in nutritional compounds in high-fibre and enriched pasta, both before and after cooking. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
Asunto(s)
Avena/química , Culinaria , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Alimentos Fortificados/análisis , Hordeum/química , Triticum/química , Granos Enteros/química , Aminoácidos/análisis , Aminoácidos/química , Fibras de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Fibras de la Dieta/economía , Manipulación de Alimentos , Inspección de Alimentos/métodos , Alimentos Fortificados/economía , Alimentos en Conserva/análisis , Alimentos en Conserva/economía , Humanos , Inulina/administración & dosificación , Inulina/análisis , Inulina/química , Inulina/economía , Italia , Metabolómica/métodos , Valor Nutritivo , Análisis de Componente Principal , Solubilidad , Estigmasterol/análisis , Estigmasterol/química , Tocoferoles/análisis , Tocoferoles/química , Granos Enteros/economíaRESUMEN
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) oil was obtained via subcritical n-propane fluid extraction (SubFE) under different temperatures and pressures with an average yield of 28% and its composition, purity and oxidative stability were compared to oils obtained via conventional solvent extraction methods (SEMs). When the oxidative stability was measured by differential scanning calorimetry, the oil was found to be up to 5 times more resistant to lipid oxidation as compared to the SEM oils. Direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis showed characteristic and similar TAG profiles for SubFE and SEMs oils but higher purity for the SubFE oil. The flaxseed oil content of ß-tocopherol, campesterol, stigmasterol and sitosterol were quantified via GC-MS. SubFE showed to be a promising alternative to conventional SEM since SubFE provides an oil with higher purity and higher oxidation stability and with comparable levels of biologically active components.
Asunto(s)
Fraccionamiento Químico/métodos , Aceite de Linaza/análisis , Aceite de Linaza/química , Propano/química , Rastreo Diferencial de Calorimetría , Colesterol/análogos & derivados , Colesterol/análisis , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Aceite de Linaza/normas , Oxidación-Reducción , Fitosteroles/análisis , Presión , Análisis de Componente Principal , Sitoesteroles/análisis , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Estigmasterol/análisis , Temperatura , beta-Tocoferol/análisisRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Rubus niveus Thunb. plant belongs to Rosaceae family and have been used traditionally to treat wounds, burns, inflammation, dysentery, diarrhea and for curing excessive bleeding during menstrual cycle. The present study was undertaken to investigate the in vivo genotoxicity of Rubus niveus aerial parts extract and its possible chemoprotection on doxorubicin (DXR)-induced DNA damage. In parallel, the main phytochemicals constituents in the extract were determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The animals were exposed to the extract for 24 and 48 h, and the doses selected were 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg b.w. administered by gavage alone or prior to DXR (30 mg/kg b.w.) administered by intraperitoneal injection. The endpoints analyzed were DNA damage in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells assessed by the alkaline alkaline (pH>13) comet assay and bone marrow micronucleus test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of chemical analysis of the extract showed the presence of tormentic acid, stigmasterol, quercitinglucoronide (miquelianin) and niga-ichigoside F1 as main compounds. Both cytogenetic endpoints analyzed showed that there were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between the negative control and the treated groups with the two higher doses of Rubus niveus extract alone, demonstrating absence of genotoxic and mutagenic effects. Aneugenic/clastogenic effect was observed only at 2000 mg/kg dose. On the other hand, in the both assays and all tested doses were observed a significant reduction of DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations in all groups co-treated with DXR and extract compared to those which received only DXR. These results indicate that Rubus niveus aerial parts extract did not revealed any genotoxic effect, but presented some aneugenic/clastogenic effect at higher dose; and suggest that it could be a potential adjuvant against development of second malignant neoplasms caused by the cancer chemotherapic DXR.