RESUMEN
Permethrin (PER) is a pyrethroid pesticide that is extensively used as an insecticide in world because of its high activity and its low mammalian toxicity. The current study was conducted to investigate the protective action of Fumaria officinalis against PER-induced liver injury in male rats. However, HPLC-DAD showed the richness of 6 components in F. officinalis (F) including quercetin, ferulic acid, and naringenin which were the most abundant. Total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and condensed tannins were studied by phytochemical screening. In vitro, antioxidant properties showed that F. officinalis exhibited the highest DPPH radical, FRAP, and H2 O2 tests and total antioxidant capacity. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: negative control group (C), positive control group (F) (200 mg F. officinalis/kg BW), PER group (34.05 mg permethrin/kg BW), and PER + F group (34.05 mg permethrin/kg BW and 200 mg F. officinalis/kg BW). Oral administration of PER led to promote a decrease of body weight and Ca2+ -ATPases and Mg2+ -ATPases activities and an increase of plasma C-reactive protein level, transaminases, and hepatic Ï-GT activities as well as hepatic and mitochondrial oxidative stress. An increase in plasma lactate-to pyruvate ratio and a reduction in complexes enzymes I, III, and IV activities were also observed. In addition, histoarchitecture of liver in PER-treated rats showed apoptosis and necrosis as confirmed by DNA fragmentation. F. officinalis significantly exerted hepatoprotective effect by modulating hepatic alteration and mitochondrial dysfunction as well as genotoxicity. This effect could be attributed to phenolics compounds such as polyphenols, condensed tannins, and flavonoids.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas , Fumaria , Insecticidas , Permetrina , Proantocianidinas , Adenosina Trifosfatasas/metabolismo , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Apoptosis , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/metabolismo , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/prevención & control , Daño del ADN , Flavonoides/farmacología , Fumaria/química , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Lactatos/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Mamíferos/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Permetrina/toxicidad , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Polifenoles/farmacología , Proantocianidinas/farmacología , Piruvatos/farmacología , Quercetina/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , TransaminasasRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: F.parviflora Lam. is a plant widely used in traditional medicine systems like Unani, Ayurveda, and folk medicines in Iraq and Turkey. It is known as Shahatraj in Arabic, which is derived from Shahatra and called Shajaratuddam. In the ancient Unani system, it is called Shajaratuddam. The term derived from Sajarat means tree, and Dam means blood since it has a potent blood purifier property. AIM OF THE STUDY: This review focused on comprehensive, updated information on the F.parviflora Lam. about the traditional uses, phytochemical and pharmacology and provided insights into potential opportunities for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The classical literature of Shahatra for its temperament (Mizaj), medicinal properties and traditional therapeutic uses were gathered from nearly 15 classical Unani books, eight local and foreign books on ethnomedicines and ethnobotany in English. The information of pharmacognosy, phytochemical and pharmacological activities of F.parviflora Lam was collected by browsing the Internet (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley online library, Google Scholar, ResearchGate). The relevant primary sources were probed, analysed, and included in this review. The keywords used to browse were F.parviflora Lam, shahatra, pitpapda, and fine fumitory. Relevant Sources were gathered up to April 2021, and the chemical structures were drawn using Chemsketch software. The species name was checked with http://www.theplantlist.org ("F.parviflora Lam. - The Plant List," n.d.). The materials published in both Urdu and English were included in the review. RESULTS: F.parviflora Lam was found to possess an excess of bioactive compounds and broad pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, antiprotozoal activity, anthelmintic activity, antidiarrheal, antispasmodic and bronchodilator activities, antidiabetic activity, hepatoprotective activity, anticancer activity (cytotoxicity)of nanoparticle, antipruritic activity, dermatological effect, reproductive effect, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity. CONCLUSION: In this review, the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of F.parviflora were reviewed. It showed a broad scope of application, and its benefits had been extended far beyond the initial conventional uses of its parts. It consists of numerous chemical constituents and reported various pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, antidiabetic activity, hepatoprotective activity, anticancer activity etc. Though it is widely studied using several in-vitro and in-vivo models and tested clinically for skin diseases, several gaps and research priorities have been identified that need to be addressed in the future, such as active ingredients and their mechanism of action applications in immunomodulation and hepatic diseases.
Asunto(s)
Fumaria/química , Medicina Tradicional/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Etnobotánica , Etnofarmacología , Humanos , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Fitoquímicos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Fumaria officinalis (Fumariaceae) is recorded in the Kurdish ethnobotany for various health problems. AIM OF THE STUDY: In this study, the cytotoxic activity of F. officinalis extracts on two leukemia and nine multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cytotoxic and ferroptotic activity were examined by resazurin reduction assay. Flow cytometry, immunoblotting assay and fluorescence microscopy were used to measure cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), loss integrity of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and autophagy. LC-ESI/MS was used to identify chemical constituents present in F. officinalis. RESULTS: Chloroform (CF) and ethyl acetate (EF) fractions showed drastic cytotoxic effect on CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR 5000 cells. NCI-H929 cell line exhibited higher sensitivity against CF, while EF demonstrated its higher cytotoxicity on OPM-2 cells with IC50 value 14.80 ± 1.70 and 28.13 ± 1.38 µg/mL respectively. Flow cytometric and morphological studies confirmed that CF and EF induced apoptosis in NCI-H929 cells by loss of MMP, generation of ROS and obvious morphological variations. In DNA histograms, up to 50% of the cells were accumulated by CF and 44% by EF in the sub-G0/G1 phase following 72 h treatment. EF induced autophagic cell death, while CF stimulated iron-dependent cell death. Moreover, two isoquinoline alkaloids and four flavonoids were identified in the active fractions. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the cytotoxicity of F. officinalis extracts in MM cell lines. CF and EF fractions inhibited MM cell proliferation through various modes of actions.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Fumaria/química , Leucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Mieloma Múltiple/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Leucemia/patología , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Mieloma Múltiple/patología , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
Fumaria species, commonly known as fumitory or earth smoke, are considered weeds in many regions. However, several Fumaria species have long been used in folk medicine, such as F. capreolata L., F. densiflora DC., F. indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley, F. officinalis L., F. parviflora Lam., and F. vaillantii Loisel. as well. The ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of 24 Fumaria species have been investigated. Phytochemical studies on Fumaria species revealed the presence of numerous alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids. Phthalideisoquinolines (PTIs), protoberberines, and spirobenzylisoquinolines (SBIs) are the major alkaloids in the genus Fumaria. The plants biosynthesize a diverse group of biologically active isoquinoline alkaloids, and these may help to explain the use of various Fumaria species in folk medicine. Pharmacological studies revealed a broad spectrum of bioactivities such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. We found 159 articles published from 1969-2019 by searching the keyword "Fumaria" using databases such as SciFinder, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Based on our reading of these papers, Fumaria species appear to be a source of bioactive isoquinoline alkaloids and ethnomedicines. The lack of studies on pharmacological mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, quality control, and toxicology are discussed in this review. There is great potential for broader medicinal applications of this genus.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/farmacología , Fumaria/química , Isoquinolinas/farmacología , Alcaloides/aislamiento & purificación , Alcaloides de Berberina , Isoquinolinas/aislamiento & purificación , Medicina Tradicional , Estructura Molecular , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Fitoquímicos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Fumaria genus has been traditionally used for managing inflammatory and gastrointestinal disorders. The study evaluates the immunomodulatory potential of the total alkaloid fraction from Fumaria capreolata L. (AFC) in primary macrophages and the intestinal anti-inflammatory effect in a dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis in mice. AFC inhibited LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages gene expression program dose-dependently. In vivo, AFC markedly reduced macroscopic and microscopic signs of intestinal inflammation. Besides, it restored the colonic expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, as well as enhanced the expression of intestinal barrier markers. These results demonstrate the potential of AFC extract as a therapeutic tool for the management of inflammatory bowel disease.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/química , Antiinflamatorios/química , Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Fumaria/química , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/química , Alcaloides/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Sulfato de Dextran/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Intestinos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dry medicinal plants (wormwood, chamomile, fumitory and mallow) and dietary substrates containing a mix of the plants on the end products of in vitro ruminal and intestinal fermentation, rumen protozoan population and ruminal antioxidant capacity of sheep. The experiment consisted of fermentations with the four plants used individually as the sole substrate and fermentation of a mix of medicinal plants (Plants): meadow hay:barley grain (MH:B), 700/300 w/w and Plants:MH:B, 100/600/300 w/w/w. The experiment was conducted using the in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT) with 35 ml of buffered inocula and approximately 250 mg (DM basis) of substrate incubated for 24 hr at 39°C in anaerobic conditions. Quantitative analyses of the bioactive compounds by ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry in Plants identified three main groups: flavonoids (22 mg/g DM), phenolic acids (15 mg/g DM) and alkaloids (3 mg/g DM). The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the plant extracts and rumen fluid was analysed using a ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. The values of total and individual short-chain fatty acids, acetate:propionate ratio, pH and total gas production were significantly affected by the single plant substrates and inocula (p < .001). Apart from these parameters, the values of ammonia N, methane production and total gas produced were decreased in Plants:MH:B in comparison with MH:B (p < .001). A positive correlation was recorded between total polyphenols content and TAC of plant extracts (R2 = .778, p < .001). The counts of the total ciliate protozoan population in rumen fluid after 24 hr of fermentation were not significantly different (p > .05). Results suggest that the dietary substrate containing the medicinal plant mix possessed strong ruminal antioxidant capacity, had the potential to reduce methane emission and ammonia concentration and caused desirable changes in the gastrointestinal ecosystem.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Antioxidantes , Plantas Medicinales , Rumen , Ovinos , Animales , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Artemisia/química , Manzanilla/química , Dieta/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos , Fermentación , Fumaria/química , Malva/química , Rumen/efectos de los fármacos , Rumen/fisiología , Ovinos/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Fumaria species (Fumariacea) has traditionally been used in wound healing in Iranian folk medicine. However, with the discovery of newer agents, its use has faded off into total obscurity. This study explored the wound healing potential of a gel containing 10% Fumaria vaillantii Loisel through topical application of total extract in a model of excisional as well as incisional wound healing in albino Wistar rats. METHODS: Rats were anesthetized, and excisional skin wound was established using a sterilized surgical scissors. The animals were then treated with 10% F.vaillantii topical gel formulation along with the gel base. The treatments were administered once a day after the injury for 21 days. For topical treatment, the hydrogel was formulated and evaluated for chemical and physical characteristics. Histopathological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) was used for microscopic examination of the skin tissues on 21-day-old sections of excision wound. To verify collagen formation, hydroxyproline determination was performed 21 days post wound healing. Breaking strength was determined in a 10-day-old incision wound by the uniaxial tensile test. RESULTS: Topical administration of F.vaillantii gel formulation significantly enhanced skin wound closure on the 6th post-wounding day compared to both gel base and the negative control, indicating an accelerated wound healing process, while a significant difference was observed on 10th and 14th post -wound days in F.vaillantii treatment compared to the negative control groups. Gel formulation prepared with a 10% F. vaillantii extract exhibited a response in terms of wound epithelialization, angiogenesis and number of hair follicles at wound area better than the gel base on the 21st post-wound day. Application of gel base produced further advantages by increasing hydroxyproline content and collagen fiber thickness. Our results on incision wound model were supported by histopathological data indicating the role of gel base in the enhancement of breaking strength. CONCLUSION: Traditional use of Fumaria species in the skin diseases was justified in this study by revealing the increase in wound healing activity after hydrogel containing F. vaillantii total extract administration.
Asunto(s)
Fumaria/química , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Heridas y Lesiones/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración Tópica , Animales , Humanos , Hidrogeles/administración & dosificación , Hidrogeles/química , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/química , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/lesiones , Piel/fisiopatología , Heridas y Lesiones/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Epilepsy remains a major chronic neurological disorder with significantly higher refractory seizure rate. Based on the folk medicine literature, we explored the anticonvulsant and antiepileptogenic activity of aqueous ethanolic extracts of Fumaria indica, Euphorbia lactea, Euphorbia helioscopia, Neurada procumbens, and Euphorbia nivulia. The acute anticonvulsant activity of the extracts was determined at different concentrations in different groups of Swiss albino mice. Among all the materials tested, the ethanolic extracts of Euphorbia nivulia (eth-EN) alone was found to exhibit concentration-dependent anticonvulsant effects when evaluated against the acute convulsant dose of Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 90mg/kg, s.c.). eth-EN extract at 100mg/kg i.p concentration showed maximum protection against the PTZ induced mortality (P<0.05). eth-EN (100mg/kg) treated animals also showed significant reduction in the progression of epileptogenesis (P<0.05) when tested against the PTZ-induced (50mg/kg s.c.) chemical kindling model of epilepsy. The FT-IR spectra of this extract showed both known and unknown spectral peaks from which the presence of the functional groups; i.e. aromatics, diketones, alkenes, carbonyls, carboxylic acids and amide compounds were confirmed. The unknown peaks strongly suggested the presence of novel compounds that may be responsible for its anticonvulsant and antiepileptogenic activity.
Asunto(s)
Anticonvulsivantes/farmacología , Epilepsia/tratamiento farmacológico , Euphorbia/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Anticonvulsivantes/química , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Epilepsia/inducido químicamente , Fumaria/química , Excitación Neurológica/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Pentilenotetrazol/toxicidad , Extractos Vegetales/química , Plantas Medicinales/química , Convulsiones/inducido químicamente , Convulsiones/tratamiento farmacológico , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de FourierRESUMEN
The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the antibacterial, antifungal and hemolytic activities of organic and aqueous fractions of Fumaria indica, Dicliptera bupleuroides and Curcuma zedoaria. The methanolic extracts of the plants were dissolved in the water (distilled) separately and then partitioned with the n-hexane, CHCl3, EtOAc and n-BuOH sequentially. Antibacterial activity was checked against Escherichia coli, Pasturella multocida, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus by the disc diffusion method using streptomycin sulphate, a standard antibiotic, as positive control. Antifungal activity was studied against four fungi i.e. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Ganoderma lucidum and Alternaria alternata by the disc diffusion method using fluconazole, a standard antifungal drug, as positive control. It was revealed that aqueous fraction of F. indica showed very good antibacterial activity against P. multocida with zone of inhibition 26mm and MIC of 98µg/mL. Its CHCl3 and n-BuOH fractions also displayed good results. Its CHCl3 fraction showed good antifungal activity against G. lucidum with zone of inhibition 24mm and MIC of 115µg/mL. Other polar fractions of F. indica showed good activity against somefungal strains. The CHCl3 and EtOAc fractions of D. bupleuroides displayed good antibacterial activity against some bacterial strains. Its EtOAc fraction showed good antifungal activity only against G. lucidum. The CHCl3 fraction of C. zedoaria showed good activity against all studied bacterial strains, while its EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions displayed good results against some bacterial strains. None of the fractions of C. zedoaria displayed antifungal activity against the under test strains. All the studied fractions of three plants showed very less toxicity except n-hexane fraction of D. bupleuroides which showed 79% toxicity.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Hemolíticos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Acanthaceae/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antifúngicos/química , Curcuma/química , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Fumaria/química , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Hemólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Hemolíticos/química , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
Fumaria officinalis belongs to family papaveraceae and is traditionally used to treat hypertension, hepatitis and diabetes. The current study was conducted to evaluate in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity of Fumaria officinalis. Aerial parts of the plant were sequentially extracted with n-hexane, chloroform, methanol and water. Phytochemical analysis was carried out on all extracts. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition method. In vitro alpha-amylase inhibitory activity was performed on all extracts by using dinitrosalicylic acid. Effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of F. officinalis on blood glucose was evaluated in normo-glycaemic rats and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Glimepiride 0.2 mg/kg was used as standard therapy in diabetic rats. Results showed that methanolic extract exhibited the maximum percentage inhibition of DPPH (86.30%) and alpha-amylase inhibition (94.01%) at 500 µg/ml and 16 mg/ml concentration respectively. Administration in normo-glycaemic rats did not show any significant decrease in blood glucose level at 500 and 750 mg/kg dosage. Aqueous and methanolic extracts exhibited a significant hypoglycaemic effect (pË0.05) at all doses. A significant increase in the body weight and an improvement in liver and kidney function tests of diabetic rats were observed. These extracts also reduced the damage to the cells of glomeruli, interstitial inflammation, necrosis of tubular cells and thrombosis in the kidney, the enlargement of sinusoids and steatosis in the liver of diabetic rats. This study concludes that F. officinalis may have antidiabetic potential possibly due to its antioxidant and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Fumaria/química , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , alfa-Amilasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Glucemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangre , Ayuno/sangre , Femenino , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/patología , Riñón/fisiopatología , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/patología , Hígado/fisiopatología , Masculino , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratas Wistar , alfa-Amilasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
It has been claimed that the green synthesized NPs possess no toxicity in comparison to the NPs fabricated via conventional protocols like reduction by sodium borohydride. Therefore, it is necessary to test the toxic effects of NPs on environment. In the current study, we report the binding of Fe3O4 NPs to galate ions containing biomaterial namely "galate bio-capping agent". The bio-capping agent is simply mixed with the Fe3+ cations at pH 8 to produce negatively charged bio-capped Fe3O4 NPs. Finally, the toxic effects of the Fe3O4 NPs were investigated on some growth and developmental indices of the aquatic plant species Azolla filiculoides. The relative frond number and relative growth rate were calculated after treatment of plants with different concentrations of bio-capped Fe3O4 NPs. In addition, the content of phenolics as well as antioxidant enzymes' activity including superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were assessed. The Fe3O4 NPs led to growth reduction and significant changes in total phenol and flavonoid content as well as in antioxidant enzymes' activity. All these findings confirm reactive oxygen species formation due to the nanoparticle toxicity. In consequence, the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems of plant were stimulated against oxidative stress.
Asunto(s)
Helechos/efectos de los fármacos , Fumaria/química , Tecnología Química Verde/métodos , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/toxicidad , Microondas , Extractos Vegetales/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Helechos/metabolismo , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/química , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Peroxidasas/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Pruebas de ToxicidadRESUMEN
The aim of research was to study the content of amino acids using in extracts of Fumaria schleicheri L., Ocimum basilicum L., and Corylus avellana L. by HILIC MS/MS method. Separation of amino acids in the samples was carried out with Acquity H-class UPLC system (Waters, Milford, USA) equipped with SeQuant ZIC-Hilic collumn (2.1 × 150 mm, 3.5 µm) (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany). The MS/MS fragment ion chromatograms of the test solutions established the presence of 19 amino acids. The obtained results have shown that O. basilicum L. characterized the highest concentrations of different neurogenic amino acids (128.1 mg/kg), comparing with F. schleicheri L. and C. avellana L. (57.72 and 52.91 mg/kg, respectively).
Asunto(s)
Aminoácidos/análisis , Corylus/química , Fumaria/química , Ocimum basilicum/química , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Hojas de la Planta/químicaRESUMEN
The use of medicinal plants (MP) containing bioactive compounds is an alternative strategy to control of parasitic nematode of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus at various stages of their life cycle. The aims of this study were to determine the in vitro anthelmintic activity of both aqueous and methanolic extracts from 13 medicinal plants typical for Central Europe, and to determine quantity of selected plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) in the methanolic extracts. In vitro egg hatch test and larval development tests were conducted to determine the possible anthelmintic effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts of the roots of Althaea officinalis L., Petasites hybridus L. and Inula helenium L.; flowers of Malva sylvestris L. and Chamomilla recutita L.; leaves of Plantago lanceolata L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L.; seeds of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. and stems of Solidago virgaurea L., Fumaria officinalis L., Hyssopus officinalis L., Melisa officinalis L. and Artemisia absinthium L. on eggs and larvae of H. contortus. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectroscopy was used for quantifying six PSMs: gallic acid (GA), rutin (RU), diosmin (DI), hesperidin (HE), quercetin (QU) and kaempferol (KA). RU content of the most effective methanolic extracts was in the order: M. sylvestris (9.33â¯mg/g DM)â¯>â¯A. absinthium (6.10â¯mg/g DM)â¯>â¯C. recutita (0.42â¯mg/g DM). The highest concentration of QU (44.8â¯mg/g DM) and KA (6.59â¯mg/g DM) were detected in stems of F. officinalis comparing to the other evaluated plants. The most significant (pâ¯<â¯0.05) anthelmintic effects exhibited methanolic extracts of A. absinthium in both in vitro tests (i.e., egg hatch test and larval development test). Additionally, only two methanolic extracts of C. recutita and M. sylvestris were comparable to activity of A. absinthium using the larval development test. Wider spectrum of aqueous extracts exhibited stronger ovicidal activity in comparison to methanolic extracts. The similar trend was observed in evaluating of larvicidal activity of aqueous and methanolic plant extracts.
Asunto(s)
Antihelmínticos/farmacología , Haemonchus/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Animales , Antihelmínticos/aislamiento & purificación , Artemisia absinthium/química , Cromatografía Liquida , Europa (Continente) , Heces/parasitología , Fumaria/química , Haemonchus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Quempferoles/análisis , Quempferoles/farmacología , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Malva/química , Matricaria/química , Óvulo/efectos de los fármacos , Quercetina/análisis , Quercetina/farmacología , Ovinos , Espectrometría de Masas en TándemRESUMEN
This study was designed to determine the effects of daily oral administration (250 mg/kg) of the hydroalcoholic extract of Fumaria parviflora (FP) for 14 days on the sperm parameters, oxidative stress parameters, serum testosterone levels, expression of Bax and Bcl-2 genes, and apoptosis index of germ cells after testicular torsion-detorsion (ischaemia-reperfusion, IR) injury model in rats. Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups of seven each: sham operation, torsion-detorsion (TD), TD plus the hydroalcoholic extract FP (TDFP) and only FP without TD application (FP). Testicular torsion was created by rotating the left testis 720° in a counterclockwise direction; then, after 4 hr, detorsion was performed. The Johnson's score, mean seminiferous tubule diameter (MSTD) and height (thickness) of seminiferous tubule epithelium (HST) were significantly increased in TDFP and FP groups as compared to TD group. The gene expression of Bcl-2, level of serum testosterone hormone and antioxidant parameters-GPx and SOD-were significantly higher in TDFP and FP groups than TD group. The index of apoptosis, the gene expression of Bax and the level of MDA were significantly higher in TD group than TDFP and FP groups. Therefore, F. parviflora could decrease oxidative stress induced by testicular torsion-detorsion.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Fumaria/química , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Enfermedades Testiculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Etanol/química , Humanos , Masculino , Malondialdehído/sangre , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Túbulos Seminíferos/efectos de los fármacos , Túbulos Seminíferos/patología , Torsión del Cordón Espermático/complicaciones , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Testiculares/sangre , Enfermedades Testiculares/etiología , Enfermedades Testiculares/patología , Testosterona/sangre , Resultado del Tratamiento , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/metabolismoRESUMEN
Romanian traditional medicine describes the use of aerial parts of Fumaria species to treat hepatobiliary diseases as well as diuretic agents. The present study aims to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and diuretic effects of several Fumaria species. LC/MS analysis revealed that Fumaria species contain phenolic acids and high amounts of flavonoids with rutin and isoquercitrin as main compounds. Concerning antioxidant capacity, the most significant results were obtained for F. capreolata and F. vailantii. Both species showed a good correlation between the antioxidant capacity and a high amount of flavonoids. Furthermore, the extracts of F. officinalis and F. schleicheri produced a strong increase in urinary volumetric excretion of saline-loaded rats, 24 h after the oral administration of a single dose of 250 mg/kg bw. Moreover, both extracts of F. officinalis and F. schleicheri increased the urinary excretion of Na⺠and Kâº. Results from the present study offer a new perspective concerning the chemical composition and bioactivities of traditionally used fumitory species.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Diuréticos/química , Diuréticos/farmacología , Fumaria/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Polifenoles/química , Animales , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Diuréticos/administración & dosificación , Flavonoides/química , Masculino , Fitoquímicos/química , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Espectrometría de Masas en TándemRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Fumaria capreolata L. (Papaveraceae) is a botanical drug used in North Africa for its gastro-intestinal and anti-inflammatory properties. It is characterized for the presence of several alkaloids that could be responsible for some of its effects, including an immunomodulatory activity. PURPOSE: To test in vivo the intestinal anti-inflammatory properties of the total alkaloid fraction extracted from the aerial parts of F. capreolata (AFC), and to evaluate its effects on an intestinal epithelial cell line. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: AFC was chemically characterized by liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and high resolution mass spectrometry. Different doses of AFC (25, 50 and 100mg/kg) were assayed in the DNBS model of experimental colitis in mice, and the colonic damage was evaluated both histologically and biochemically. In addition, in vitro experiments were performed with this alkaloid fraction on the mouse intestinal epithelial cell line CMT93 stimulated with LPS. RESULTS: The chemical analysis of AFC revealed the presence of 23 alkaloids, being the most abundants stylopine, protopine and coptisine. Oral administration of AFC produced a significant inhibition of the release and the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the colonic tissue. It also suppressed in vivo the transcription of other pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1ß, iNOS, IL-12 and IL-17. Furthermore, AFC showed an immunomodulatory effect in vitro since it was able to inhibit the mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-α and ICAM-1. Moreover, the beneficial effect of AFC in the colitic mice could also be associated with the normalization of the expression of MUC-2 and ZO-1, which are important for the intestinal epithelial integrity. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that AFC, containing 1.3% of stylopine and 0.9% of protopine, significantly exerted intestinal anti-inflammatory effects in an experimental model of mouse colitis. This fact could be related to a modulation of the intestinal immune response and a restoration of the intestinal epithelial function.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Colitis/prevención & control , Fumaria/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Alcaloides/química , Animales , Línea Celular , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Citocinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Dinitrofluorobenceno/análogos & derivados , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Factores Inmunológicos/farmacología , Interleucina-6/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ratones , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
The alkaloid pattern of four Fumaria species (Fumaria kralikii, Fumaria rostellata, Fumaria schleicherii, Fumaria thureii) growing in Bulgaria was investigated by GC-MS and twenty isoquinoline alkaloids were determined. Phytochemical investigation of the alkaloid composition on Fumaria thuretii Boiss was made for the first time. The alkaloid profile of the species was compared at two levels, between different species and within two species from different habitats. Two chemotypical groups, based on the types of isoquinoline alkaloids were suggested. To group A belong species F. kralikii, F. rostellata (F. r. 1) and F. thuretii containing more than 50% spirobenzylisoquinoline alkaloids of the crude alkaloid mixtures. To group B belong species F. rostellata (F. r. 2) and F. schleicherii containing more than 40% protopine alkaloids and relatively high percentage phthaldeisoquinoline alkaloids (11-19%). In group A phthaldeisoquinoline alkaloids were not detected.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/química , Fumaria/química , Bulgaria , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Results of the very first experiments conducted to evaluate therapeutic potentials of a fumarate containing Fumaria indica extract and of fairly low daily oral doses of monomethyl fumarate for prevention of chronic unavoidable foot-shock stress-induced gastric ulcers, and possible involvement of diverse neuro-hormonal and oxidative process in their stress response desensitizing effects are reported and discussed in this article. Preventive effects of 21 daily oral 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg doses of a standardized 50 % methanolic F. indica extract (MFI) and 1.25, 2.50, and 5.00 mg/kg/day of pure monomethyl fumarate (MMF) were compared in rats subjected to one hour daily unavoidable foot-shocks. A pharmaceutically well-standardized Withania somnifera (WS) root extract was used as a reference herbal anti-stress agent in all experiments. Effects of the treatments on stress-induced alterations in body weight, adrenal and spleen weights, gastric ulcer and ulcer index, weight of glandular stomach, protective mucosal glycoprotein content, cellular proliferation, oxidative stress on stomach fundus, and brain tissues of male rats were quantified. Other parameters quantified were plasma corticosterone levels, brain monoamine levels, and expressions of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-1ß in blood and brain of stressed and treated rats. Most but not every observed stress-induced anomalies were suppressed or completely prevented by both MFI and pure MMF treatments in dose-dependent manner. Qualitatively, the observed activity profiles of both of them were similar to those of WS dose tested. These results reveal that both MFI and MMF are potent gastro-protective agents against chronic unavoidable stress-induced ulcers and strongly suggest that they act as regulators or modulators of monoamine, corticosterone, and cytokine homeostasis.
Asunto(s)
Fumaratos/uso terapéutico , Fumaria/química , Maleatos/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Sustancias Protectoras/uso terapéutico , Estómago/patología , Estrés Psicológico/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/patología , Enfermedad Crónica , Corticosterona/sangre , Citocinas/metabolismo , Fumaratos/farmacología , Masculino , Maleatos/farmacología , Metanol/química , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Ratas , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Estómago/efectos de los fármacos , Úlcera Gástrica/sangre , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamiento farmacológico , Úlcera Gástrica/patología , Estrés Psicológico/sangre , Estrés Psicológico/patologíaRESUMEN
Fumaria indica is used for its anthelmintic, antidyspeptic, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, laxative, stomachic, tonic properties and claimed to possess various properties for the ailments of blood, skin, gastrointestinal systems and central nervous system. The present study was undertaken to evaluate antisecretory, gastroprotective and in-vitro antacid capacity of ethanol extract from F. indica in rats. Evaluation of F. indica extract as antisecretory was carried out by pyloric ligation induced ulcer model. The gastroprotective effect was carried out by absolute ethanol induced ulcer model. Integrity of gastric mucosa was evaluated by estimation of GSH and gastric mucus level. The in-vitro antacid capacity was evaluated by titration method. Ethanol extract of F. indica at 200 mg kg(-1), orally showed inhibition of secretion in pyloric ligation model. GSH level (1.67 µg mg(-1) protein), gastricwall mucus (240.76 µg g(-1) wet glandular tissue) and percentage protection (77.59%) of ulcer were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in absolute ethanol induced ulcer model. The in-vitro antacid capacity of ethanol extract of F. indica was compared with the standard. Conclusively, it appears that F. indica possess antisecretory (inhibition of acid secretion), gastroprotective (potentiation of defensive factors) and in-vitro antacid activity.
Asunto(s)
Antiácidos/farmacología , Antiulcerosos/farmacología , Fumaria/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Úlcera Gástrica/inducido químicamente , Animales , Antiácidos/química , Antiulcerosos/química , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Etanol/toxicidad , Femenino , Masculino , Moco , Extractos Vegetales/química , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Estómago/efectos de los fármacos , Estómago/patología , Úlcera Gástrica/prevención & controlRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Fumaria parviflora Lam. (Fumaraceae) is widely used in traditional as well as folkloric system of medicine from ancient. It is commonly known as 'Pitpapra' or 'Shahtrah' in Indian traditional system of medicine and used for treating numerous ailments like diarrhea, fever, influenza, blood purifier and other complications. The object of the present study was to evaluate the Antileishmanial, antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic potential of isolated compound. METHODS: Methanolic extract of whole plant of Fumaria parviflora was dried under reduced pressure to obtain a dark brown residue which was adsorbed on silica gel column grade (60-120 mesh) to obtain a slurry and chromatographed over silica gel loaded column in petroleum ether-chloroform (3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 v/v). The in vitro antileishmanial evaluation of isolated compound against Leishmania donovani promastigotes was investigated by growth kinetics assay, reversibility assay, analysis of cellular morphology, adverse toxicity and determination of 50% growth inhibitory concentration (GI50). Disc diffusion and broth micro dilution methods were used to study the antibacterial (Gram + Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis; Gram - Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium) and antifungal (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) potential in vitro. RESULTS: Structure elucidation by spectral data analysis revealed a novel compound, n-octacosan-7ß-ol (OC), yield (0.471%), having significant antimicrobial activity against Leishmania donovani promastigotes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger in vitro with GI50 = 5.35, MIC 250, MIC 250 and MFC 500 and MIC 250 µg ml(-1) respectively. The isolated compound did not show adverse effect against mammalian macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence of compound suggested that it may be used as antimicrobial agent in future and may provide new platform for drug discovery programmes for leishmaniasis.