Prevalence of cancer in relation to signs of periodontal inflammation.

We investigated the associations between periodontal inflammation (gingivitis and periodontitis) and all-kind malignancies, specifically breast and prostate cancer, in a cohort followed-up for 30 years. The study hypothesis was based on the oral inflammation vs. systemic health paradigm. A sample of 2,168 subjects from an original cohort of 105,718 individuals from the greater Stockholm area in Sweden that had been followed since 1985 was investigated. Swedish national health registers were used in the study. Chi-square tests and logistic multiple regression analyses were conducted. The results showed that periodontitis was significantly associated with any cancer after adjusting for gender, age, income, and education (p = 0.015). The probability of getting cancer increased on average by 38% if the patient had periodontitis vs. had not; the odds ratio was 1.380 (95% confidence interval l.066-1.786). No significant association was observed between periodontitis and breast cancer (p = 0.608), while the association between periodontitis and prostate cancer tended towards significance (p = 0.082). However, no statistically significant difference was found between the observed and the calculated distribution of any cancer in gingivitis groups (p = 0.079). Thus, the study hypothesis was partly confirmed by showing a statistically significant association between periodontitis and any cancer.

Aplicación del aceite de girasol ozonizado en pacientes afectados con gingivitis crónica fibroedematosa / Application of ozonated sunflower oil in patients affected with chronic fibroedematous gingivitis

Se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental de intervención terapéutica con el objetivo de evaluar la respuesta a la aplicación del Oleozón como tratamiento único en pacientes diagnosticados con gingivitis crónica fibroedematosa, que acudieron a consulta de la Clínica Estomatológica Docente Manuel Sánchez Silveira de Manzanillo, en el período de septiembre 2016 a mayo 2017. El universo de estudio lo constituyeron 102 pacientes afectados con esta entidad. Se registraron las variables edad, sexo, higiene bucal, frecuencia de la aplicación del tratamiento, respuesta a la terapia. El diagnóstico confirmado de gingivitis crónica fibroedematosa se realizó a partir de la clínica y el examen físico oral de la encía marginal y papilar. Se empleó una metodología para la aplicación en las regiones afectadas del preparado medicinal, se evaluó a cada paciente al 3er, 7mo y 15 días en las categorías igual, mejorado y curado. Predominó el grupo de edad de 20 a 29 años y el sexo masculino. Resaltaron los índices inadecuados de higiene bucal. La mejor respuesta al tratamiento fue entre 7 y 15 días demostrando que el Oleozón es efectivo en el tratamiento de la gingivitis crónica edematosa(AU)

A quasi-experimental therapeutic intervention study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the response to the application of Oleozón as the only treatment in patients diagnosed with chronic fibroedematous gingivitis, who came to the consultation of the Manuel Sánchez Silveira de Manzanillo Teaching Clinic, in the period from September 2016 to May 2017. The study universe consisted of 102 patients affected with this entity. The variables age, sex, oral hygiene, frequency of treatment application, response to therapy were recorded. The confirmed diagnosis of chronic fibroedematous gingivitis was made from the clinic and the oral physical examination of the marginal and papillary gums. A methodology for the application in the affected regions of the medicinal preparation was used, each patient was evaluated on the 3rd, 7th and 15 days in the equal, improved and cured categories. The age group of 20 to 29 years and the male sex predominated. They highlighted the inadequate rates of oral hygiene. The best response to treatment was between 7 and 15 days, demonstrating that Oleozon is effective in the treatment of chronic edematous gingivitis(EU)

[A PhD completed. Prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases and bad breath]. / Preventie en behandeling van parodontale aandoeningen en slechte adem.

Rinsing the mouth with water, or brushing with a dry toothbrush, does not contribute to an improvement in plaque removal during toothbrushing, nor does brushing according to a specific brushing regimen. Rinsing with water or drinking water has an immediate effect on bad morning breath. The combination of toothbrushing, tongue cleaning and a mouthwash has an effect on bad morning breath after 24 hours, in contrast with brushing with toothpaste only. The use of mouthwash with the specific ingredients chlorhexidine and essential oils has a positive effect on the reduction of gingivitis. The use of similar mouthwashes as a cooling solution in an ultrasonic device has no added effect on treatment results among periodontal patients. Water is an effective cooling solution.

Dental status of new caledonian children: is there a need for a new oral health promotion programme?

BACKGROUND: Before implementing a new oral health promotion program in the French overseas territory of Nouvelle Calédonie, the health authorities needed recent data about dental status of the New Caledonian child population. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe the dental status of 6, 9 and 12-yr-old New Caledonian children and to investigate the environmental and behavioural risk factors related to oral health. METHODS: A randomly selected sample of 2734 children (744 6-yr-olds, 789 9-yr-olds, and 1201 12-yr-olds) was examined clinically by seven calibrated investigators and participants responded to a questionnaire. The main variables were objective criteria about dental status and subjective criteria about experience of dental care, dental fear, self-perception of oral health, cultural or ethnic identity and environmental and behavioural risk factors. RESULTS: Overall, most of the children had infectious oral diseases: more than 50% had gingivitis, and 60% of 6- and 9 yr-olds had at least one deciduous or permanent tooth with untreated caries. The mean 12-yr-old number of decayed missing and filled teeth (DMFT) was 2.09±2.82. The number of carious lesions was related to the unfavourable lifestyle, deprived social status and no preventive dental care. Kanak, Polynesians and Caledonians (respectively 27%, 18% and 45% of the study sample) were more affected by caries than metropolitan French and Asian children. Children with many untreated carious lesions had negative perceptions of their oral health; they complained of chewing difficulty and had higher scores for dental anxiety. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the need for new strategies aimed at improving oral health and at reducing inequalities in New Caledonia. An oral health promotion program would need to be developed in connection with other health programmes using the common risk factor approach within the context of the local environment.

Periodontopatías en jóvenes y adolescentes adictos a drogas psicoactivas, atendidos en el Centro de Deshabituación de Adolescentes, del municipio Playa / Periodontal diseases in young people and adolescents addicted to psychoactive drugs and attended in the Center for Treatment of Drug Dependency in Adolescents, Playa Municipality

Introducción: En las últimas décadas se ha incrementado el uso y abuso de drogas como el alcohol, el cannabis, la cocaína y el crack, en particular en determinados grupos sociales de especial vulnerabilidad. Por otra parte, no se han estudiado o se han estudiado muy poco las enfermedades de la cavidad bucal, con excepción del cáncer bucal, que pudieran ser consecuencia del uso y abuso del consumo de drogas tanto legales como ilegales, y en Cuba no se han realizado estudios sistemáticos sobre este tema. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el consumo de drogas psicoactivas y la existencia de periodontopatías en jóvenes y adolescentes tratados en el CDA. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal con el objetivo de determinar la incidencia de periodontopatías en adolescentes y jóvenes adictos tratados en el Centro de Deshabituación de Adolescentes (CDA) del Municipio Playa y que se encontraban en rehabilitación. Se analizaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes para determinar el o los tipos de drogas que consumían y el tiempo de consumo. Como método empírico se utilizó la encuesta EMTAJOVEN para determinar fumadores. Resultados: A pesar de que la mayoría de los adictos presentaban un índice de higiene bucal calificado de excelente, se encontró que 28 de los 43 adictos presentaban alguna modalidad de enfermedad periodontal como gingivitis leve, gingivitis moderada y gingivitis con bolsa; ninguno presentó periodontitis. Se comprobó que 35 de los 43 pacientes eran fumadores y 20 de los 28 portadores de gingivitis. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la causa de las diferentes formas de gingivitis presente en estos pacientes no siempre es imputable a la mala higiene bucal y que pudiera deberse a la drogodependencia, en particular el tabaquismo(AU)

Background: The use and abuse of drugs such as alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and crack has increased in the last decades, particularly in determined social groups of special vulnerability. On the other hand, the diseases of the oral cavity, except mouth cancer, have not been studied or have been little studied and these diseases could be a consequence of both legal or illegal use and abuse of drug consumption. Also, systematic studies have not been conducted in Cuba about this topic. Objective: To determine the relation between the consumption of psychoactive drugs and the existence of periodontal diseases in young people and adolescents treated in the Center for Treatment of Drug Dependency in Adolescents (CDA). Methods: An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in order to determine the incidence of periodontal diseases in adolescents and young addicts treated in the Center for Treatment of Drug Dependency in Adolescents (CDA) in Playa Municipality who were under rehabilitation. The clinical histories of patients were analyzed to determine the types of drugs they used to consume and the time of consumption. As an empirical method, The EMTAJOVEN survey was used to determine smokers. Results: Despite the majority of addicts presented an oral hygiene index which was considered excellent, it was found that 28 of the 43 addicts presented some type of periodontal disease such as mild gingivitis, moderate gingivitis, and periodontal pockets associated with gingivitis; none of them had periodontitis. It was confirmed that 35 of the 43 patients were smokers and 20 of the 28 ones had gingivitis. Conclusions: It is concluded that the cause of the different forms of gingivitis present in these patients is not always attributable to a bad oral hygiene, but it could be a consequence of drug dependence, particularly, smoking(AU)

Chronic gingivitis: the prevalence of periodontopathogens and therapy efficiency.

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of gingival inflammation and the prevalence of periodontopathogenic microorganisms in adolescents with chronic gingivitis, as well as to compare the effectiveness of two approaches in gingivitis treatment-basic therapy alone and basic therapy + adjunctive low-level laser therapy (LLLT). After periodontal evaluation, the content of gingival pockets of 140 adolescents with gingivitis was analyzed by multiplex PCR for the presence of P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, T. forsythensis and P. intermedia. Subsequent to bacteria detection, the examinees were divided into two groups with homogenous clinical and microbiological characteristics. Group A was subjected to basic gingivitis therapy, and group B underwent basic therapy along with adjunctive LLLT. A statistically significant difference between the values of plaque-index (PI) and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) before and after therapy was confirmed in both groups (p<0.001), though more pronounced in group B. Following therapy, the incidence of periodontopathogenic microorganisms decreased considerably. The best result was obtained in P. gingivalis eradication by combined therapy (p=0.003). The presence of periodontopathogens in adolescents with gingivitis should be regarded as a sign for dentists to foster more effective oral health programs. LLLT appears to be beneficial as adjuvant to basic therapy.

Association between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and gingival inflammation.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects in in vitro and in animal studies. However, data from clinical studies of inflammatory diseases are scarce. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and gingival inflammation. DESIGN: We analyzed data from 77,503 gingival units (teeth) in 6700 never smokers aged 13 to >90 y from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for subject- and site-specific covariates included age, sex, race-ethnicity, income, body mass index, diabetes, use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy among women, intake of vitamin C, missing teeth, full crown coverage, presence of calculus, frequency of dental visits, and dental examiner and survey phase. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for correlated observations within subjects. RESULTS: Compared with sites in subjects in the lowest 25(OH)D quintile, sites in subjects in the highest 25(OH)D quintile were 20% (95% CI: 8%, 31%) less likely to bleed on gingival probing (P for trend < 0.001). The association appeared to be linear over the entire 25(OH)D range, was consistent across racial or ethnic groups, and was similar among men and women as well as among users and nonusers of vitamin and mineral supplements. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D may reduce susceptibility to gingival inflammation through its antiinflammatory effects. Gingivitis may be a useful clinical model to evaluate the antiinflammatory effects of vitamin D.

[A pilot project of the integration of oro-dental care into the primary health care system in Cameroon]. / Projet pilote d'intégration des soins bucco-dentaires dans les soins de santé primaire au Cameroun.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work is to analyse the situation of the Oral Health Care (OHC) of the population of operational district health unit in Primary Health Care (PHC) and finally integrate the component of OHC. Indeed in many countries in Africa, the World Health Organisation (WHO), in accord with the countries, have set up the policy of PHC. The agreement is that the component of OHC was neglected for quite sometimes in Cameroon. It's for this reason that a pilot project was initiated as a model so that it would be extended to all districts in this country. METHOD: The method consist in investigation into the prevalence by means of questionnaire and clinical examination of the population of varied age; 900 persons were examined in the Sangmelina health district in order to master the situation of OHC. RESULTS: Oral dental hygiene: 70.5% of the population had a tooth brush, 79% declared they brush their teeth, The state of periodontal tissue: 75% had debris, 70% calculus, 60.7% gingivitis, The prevalence of caries: 66.9% (91.9% had between 21 and 32 teeth), 44.8% follon teeth, 50.8% of this population needed artificial teeth. CONCLUSION: The situation of the OHC in the health district of Sangmelina requires an effective prevention, consequently the importance of including this situation in PHC program of the said district.

Dental health and treatment needs among a sample of Bangladeshi medical users aged 40 years and over living in Tower Hamlets, UK.

AIM: To assess the dental health status and treatment needs of Bangladeshi medical care users aged 40 years and over and to explore the relationship of oral disease status, tobacco usage and paan (betel quid) chewing. DESIGN: Multi-centre cross-sectional study. SETTING: General medical practitioners' waiting areas in Tower Hamlets, UK. SUBJECTS: 185 Bangladeshi adults aged 40 years and over. INTERVENTION: A clinical examination and an interview schedule. MEASURES: Dental status, periodontal status, dental plaque, calculus and denture status. Tobacco smoking and paan chewing behaviour. RESULTS: The response rate was 74%. 85% of participants were dentate with an average number of 24 (SD +/- 5.4) standing teeth. The mean DMFT score was 5.38, with missing teeth (3.81) being the major component. The decayed component was 0.43 and the filled was 1.14. 46% of participants were assessed as being free from gingivitis. Significant relationships between chewing paan and aspects of dental and periodontal status were found. Impacts of oral health were reported by 45% of the respondents. The normative need for dental treatment was 96% with a perceived need of 48%. CONCLUSION: There was considerable normative dental need. Whilst caries experience was low, there were high levels of periodontal treatment needs. Paan chewing was related to aspects of dental and periodontal status.

Comportamientos de búsqueda de salud oral: factores determinantes en poblaciones urbano marginales / Oral health seeking behaviors: determinant factors in peripheric populations

Este estudio tiene como propósito aportar conocimientos sobre patrones culturales que influencian los comportamientos de salud bucal en poblaciones urbano marginales. La muestra al azar estuvo constituída por 200 madres de niños de primer año básico en tratamiento dental, provenientes de 22 escuelas de 2 comunas de nivel socioeconómico bajo. La metodología empleada fue de carácter antropológico. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a 50 madres en sus domicilios, en 4 oportunidades de 2 horas cada una. En base a esa información se confeccionó un cuestionario de 46 preguntas para aplicar al resto de la muestra. Los problemas de salud bucal percibidos son: dolor de muelas (100 por ciento), picazón de encías (100 por ciento), pasmo (68 por ciento), sangrado de encías (44 por ciento), piorrea (38 por ciento), aire o soplo a las muelas (12 por ciento). En el manejo de los problemas predomina la medicina popular sobre la medicina oficial. El 90 por ciento ha sufrido una experiencia dolorosa a causa de una pieza dentaria, de éstos, el 35 por ciento acude a la consulta dental y el 65 por ciento se automedica. En la automedicación, los fármacos como único recurso se utilizan en niños en un 75 por ciento y en adultos en un 18 por ciento. La mezcla de fármacos e infusiones de hierbas es utilizada en un 15 por ciento en niños y en un 18 por ciento en adultos. Las hierbas y otros productos caseros son utilizados como único recurso sólo en el tratamiento de adultos (37 por ciento). Un 56 por ciento percibe el sangrado de encías como normal durante el cepillado, sólo un 16 por ciento lo atribuye a falta de cepillado dental. El 66 por ciento se automedica para solucionar el problema y el 34 por ciento no recurre a ningún tipo de tratamiento. El 72 por ciento considera la piorrea como agravamiento del sangrado de encía, el 28 por ciento lo atribuye a un virus "que ataca la raíz", sólo un 16 por ciento recurre al servicio dental. Un 76 por ciento percibe los servicios dentales públicos en forma negativa. Las conductas en salud bucal están influenciadas por la creencia de que los dientes duran sólo hasta la quinta década de la vida (76 por ciento) y por las causas no modificables percibidas para el deterioro dentario: la herencia (76 por ciento), el embarazo (88 por ciento), la edad temprana de erupción dentaria (46 por ciento)

The status of periodontal health and oral hygiene of Miraa (catha edulis) chewers.

Two hundred and thirty one miraa chewers and 199 non miraa chewers were assessed for gingivitis, loss of attachment and oral hygiene status. The mean gingivitis score among miraa chewers was 1.6 and 1.7 among non miraa chewers (P less than 0.05). The mean facial gingivitis score among miraa chewers was 1.5 and 1.6 among non miraa chewers (P greater than 0.05). The mean distal gingivitis score among miraa chewers was 1.5 and 1.7 among non miraa chewers (P less than 0.05). The mean lingual gingivitis score among miraa chewers was lower than that of non miraa chewers (P less than 0.05). The means of loss of attachment of the teeth of miraa chewers were equal to those of non miraa chewers. Although the mean surface plaque scores of miraa chewers were generally lower than those of non miraa chewers, only the mean lingual plaque score of miraa chewers was found to be significantly lower than that of non miraa chewers (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that the oral hygiene status of miraa chewers was generally better than that of non miraa chewers and there was no evidence to show that chewing miraa is detrimental to periodontal health.