The Effect of Yoga on Intraocular Pressure Using the "iCare HOME2" Tonometer.

BACKGROUND: Various yoga positions may have an unfavorable impact on intraocular pressure (IOP) and may therefore be seen as a potential risk factor for the progression of glaucoma. The new "iCare HOME2" is a handheld self-tonometer for IOP measurements outside clinical settings. This is the first study to evaluate the immediate effect of common yoga postures on the IOP of healthy and glaucomatous eyes using the "iCare HOME2" self-tonometer and to compare the time of IOP recovery in both groups. METHODS: This is a single-center, prospective, observational study including 25 healthy and 25 glaucoma patients performing the following yoga positions: "legs up" (Viparita Karani), "bend over" (Uttanasana), "plough pose" (Halasana), and the "down face dog" (Adho Mukha Svanasana) for 90 s each, with a 2-min break in between. IOP was measured with the "iCare HOME2" before, during, and after each position. RESULTS: IOP significantly increased in all eyes in all positions (p < 0.05), showing no statistically significant difference between healthy or glaucomatous eyes (p > 0.05). The mean rise in IOP in healthy subjects was 1.6 mmHg (SD 1.42; p = 0.037), 14.4 mmHg (SD 4.48; p < 0.001), 7.5 mmHg (SD 4.21; p < 0.001), and 16.5 mmHg (SD 3.71; p < 0.001), whereas in glaucoma patients, IOP rose by 2.8 mmHg (SD 2.8; p = 0.017), 11.6 mmHg (SD 3.86; p < 0.001), 6.0 mmHg (SD 2.24; p < 0.001), and 15.1 mmHg (SD 4.44; p < 0.001) during the above listed yoga positions, repsectively. The highest increase in IOP was seen in the down face position, reaching mean IOP values above 31 mmHg in both study groups. IOP elevation was observed immediately after assuming the yoga position, with no significant change during the following 90 s of holding each pose (p > 0.05). All IOP values returned to baseline level in all individuals, with no significant difference between healthy and glaucoma participants. CONCLUSION: Our data show that common yoga positions can lead to an acute IOP elevation of up to 31 mmHg in healthy as well as glaucoma eyes, with higher IOP values during head-down positions. Given that IOP peaks are a major risk factor for glaucomatous optic neuropathy, we generally advise glaucoma patients to carefully choose their yoga exercises. If and to what extent practicing yoga leads to glaucoma progression, however, remains unclear and warrants further research.

[Hegemony in medical pluralism: articulations and relationships in care, a case study]. / Hegemonía en el pluralismo médico: articulaciones y relaciones en la atención, un estudio de caso.

This study aims to describe and analyze the medical pluralism and the type of hegemony-subordination relation between forms of care or knowledge in the treatment of a patient with glaucoma to show the articulatory and transactional process between several therapeutic resources and understand which structural elements shaped the treatment itinerary and option. This is a qualitative research that used a narrative case study. To reconstruct the narrative, a semi-structured interview was conducted based on a thematic script previously established by a set of a priori categories to later transcribe the data and perform hermeneutic triangulation. Results showed that the hegemony in medical pluralism was based on equivalence relations, so that the patient replaced the use of pharmacological drugs with alternative medicine treatments. However, the relational process of equivalence developed itself in a context of biomedical significance, in which the treatment or control of intraocular pressure configured the substitution premise. Thus, the processes that triggered the hegemonic relations were constituted by various social, cultural, and economic factors such as unemployment, social security, and gender, which played a fundamental role during the search for care.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir y analizar el pluralismo médico y el tipo de relaciones de hegemonía-subalternidad entre diversas formas o saberes de atención, que se desarrollaron en el itinerario terapéutico de una padeciente de glaucoma, para mostrar el proceso articulatorio y transaccional entre distintos recursos terapéuticos, así como comprender qué elementos estructurales configuraron el itinerario y la elección terapéutica. La investigación es cualitativa, un estudio de caso en el cual se utilizó el enfoque narrativo. Para la reconstrucción de la narrativa se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada, dirigida por una guía temática previamente determinada por un conjunto de categorías apriorísticas, para posteriormente transcribir la entrevista y realizar un proceso de triangulación hermenéutica. Los resultados mostraron, en este caso, que la hegemonía en el pluralismo médico se constituyó mediante relaciones de equivalencia, así, la padeciente sustituyó el uso de medicamentos farmacológicos por terapias de medicina alternativa, no obstante, el proceso relacional de equivalencia se desarrolló en un contexto de significación biomédica, en el cual tratar o controlar la presión intraocular fue la premisa del remplazo. Asimismo, los procesos que desencadenaron la presencia de relaciones hegemónicas se constituyeron por diversos factores sociales, culturales y económicos como el desempleo, la seguridad social y el género, que desempeñaron un papel fundamental durante la búsqueda de la atención y del cuidado.

Este estudo visa descrever e analisar o pluralismo médico e o tipo de relação de hegemonia-subalternidade entre diversas formas de atendimento ou conhecimentos, que ocorreram no tratamento de um paciente com glaucoma, com a finalidade de mostrar o processo articulatório e transacional entre diferentes recursos terapêuticos, bem como entender quais elementos estruturais moldaram o itinerário e a opção de tratamento. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que utilizou um estudo de caso com abordagem narrativa. Para a reconstrução da narrativa, foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada, com base em um roteiro temático previamente estabelecido por um conjunto de categorias a priori, para posteriormente transcrever os dados e realizar a triangulação hermenêutica. Os resultados mostraram que a hegemonia no pluralismo médico esteve baseada em relações de equivalência, de modo que o paciente substituiu o uso de medicamentos farmacológicos por tratamentos da medicina alternativa; no entanto, o processo relacional de equivalência desenvolveu-se em um contexto de significância biomédica, na qual o tratamento ou controle da pressão intraocular foi a premissa para a substituição. Desse modo, os processos que desencadearam a presença de relações hegemônicas foram constituídos por fatores sociais, culturais e econômicos diversos como desemprego, previdência social e gênero, os quais tiveram papel fundamental durante a busca por atendimento e cuidado.

Effect of digital ocular massage on intraocular pressure and Schlemm's canal dimensions.

Digital ocular massage has been reported to temporarily lower intraocular pressure (IOP). This could be related to an enhanced aqueous humor outflow; however, the mechanism is not clearly understood. Using anterior segment optical coherence tomography, the Schlemm's canal (SC) and trabecular meshwork (TM) can be imaged and measured. Here, 66 healthy adults underwent digital ocular massage for 10 min in their right eyes. The IOP and dimensions of the SC and TM were measured before and after ocular massage. All subjects demonstrated IOP reduction from 15.7 ± 2.5 mmHg at baseline to 9.6 ± 2.2 mmHg immediately after, and median of 11.6 mmHg 5-min after ocular massage (Friedman's test, p < 0.001). There was significant change in SC area (median 10,063.5 µm2 at baseline to median 10,151.0 µm2 after ocular massage, Wilcoxon test, p = 0.02), and TM thickness (median 149.8 µm at baseline to 144.6 ± 25.3 µm after ocular massage, Wilcoxon test, p = 0.036). One-third of the subjects demonstrated collapse of the SC area (-2 to -52%), while two-thirds showed expansion of the SC area (2 to 168%). There were no significant changes in SC diameter (270.4 ± 84.1 µm vs. 276.5 ± 68.7 µm, paired t-test, p = 0.499), and TM width (733.3 ± 110.1 µm vs. 733.5 ± 111.6 µm, paired t-test, p = 0.988). Eyes with a higher baseline IOP demonstrated a greater IOP reduction (Pearson correlation coefficient r = -0.521, p < 0.001). Eyes with smaller SC area at baseline showed greater SC area expansion (Pearson correlation coefficient = -0.389, p < 0.001). Greater IOP reduction appeared in eyes with greater SC area expansion (Pearson correlation coefficient r = -0.306, p = 0.01). Association between change in IOP and change in TM thickness was not significant (Spearman's ρ = 0.015, p = 0.902). Simple digital ocular massage is an effective method to lower IOP values, and change in the SC area was significantly associated with IOP changes.

Beyond the optic nerve: Genetics, diagnosis, and promising therapies for glaucoma.

Glaucoma stands as a leading global cause of blindness, affecting millions. It entails optic nerve damage and vision loss, categorized into open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma with subtypes like POAG, ACG, XFG, PCG, PDG, and developmental glaucoma. The pathophysiological and genetic factors behind glaucoma remain partially understood, with past studies linking intraocular pressure (IOP) levels to retinal ganglion cell death. Open-angle glaucoma involves elevated resistance to aqueous outflow via the trabecular meshwork, while angle-closure glaucoma typically sees drainage pathways obstructed by the iris. Genes have been identified for POAG, ACG, XFG, PCG, PDG, and developmental glaucoma, allowing for early-onset detection and the emergence of gene therapy as an effective treatment. Nevertheless, diagnostic and treatment options have their constraints, necessitating large-scale, well-designed studies to deepen our grasp of genetics' role in glaucoma's pathogenesis. This review delves into glaucoma's risk factors, pathophysiology, genetics, diagnosis, and available treatment options, including gene therapy. Additionally, it suggests alternative therapies like yoga and meditation as adjunct treatments for glaucoma prevention. Overall, this review advances our comprehension of the pathophysiology and genetic associations of glaucoma while highlighting the potential of gene therapy as a treatment avenue. Further research is imperative to fully elucidate the genetic mechanisms underpinning glaucoma and to devise effective treatments.

Cell-Based Therapies for Glaucoma.

Glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) is the major cause of irreversible visual loss worldwide and can result from a range of disease etiologies. The defining features of GON are retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration and characteristic cupping of the optic nerve head (ONH) due to tissue remodeling, while intraocular pressure remains the only modifiable GON risk factor currently targeted by approved clinical treatment strategies. Efforts to understand the mechanisms that allow species such as the zebrafish to regenerate their retinal cells have greatly increased our understanding of regenerative signaling pathways. However, proper integration within the retina and projection to the brain by the newly regenerated neuronal cells remain major hurdles. Meanwhile, a range of methods for in vitro differentiation have been developed to derive retinal cells from a variety of cell sources, including embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. More recently, there has been growing interest in the implantation of glial cells as well as cell-derived products, including neurotrophins, microRNA, and extracellular vesicles, to provide functional support to vulnerable structures such as RGC axons and the ONH. These approaches offer the advantage of not relying upon the replacement of degenerated cells and potentially targeting earlier stages of disease pathogenesis. In order to translate these techniques into clinical practice, appropriate cell sourcing, robust differentiation protocols, and accurate implantation methods are crucial to the success of cell-based therapy in glaucoma. Translational Relevance: Cell-based therapies for glaucoma currently under active development include the induction of endogenous regeneration, implantation of exogenously derived retinal cells, and utilization of cell-derived products to provide functional support.

Effect of yoga on intra-ocular pressure in patients with glaucoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world, with an estimated 57.5 million people suffering from glaucoma globally. Treatment of glaucoma focuses on lowering intra-ocular pressure to prevent progression of visual field defects, which is the only proven method for treating this disease. Yoga practices are believed to lower intra-ocular pressure in the eyes and prevent further damage in patients with glaucoma. Therefore, this systematic review was planned to explore the available scientific studies on yoga and intra-ocular pressure in glaucoma patients. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were the basis for the investigation of the literature. The Jadad Scale was used to assess the quality of included clinical trials, and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess the quality of included case studies. Based on the quality assessment and eligibility, six studies on yoga and intra-ocular pressure in glaucoma patients carried out between 2007 and 2021 were included in the final review. The results showed a reduction in intra-ocular pressure in patients with glaucoma through Jyoti-trataka (gazing steadily on a point or candle flame) and some other slow yogic breathing techniques, whereas studies on inversion Asanas (yoga postures) showed a rapid increase in intra-ocular pressure soon after starting. The three high-quality RCTs included in the meta-analysis showed a greater improvement in intra-ocular pressure in the yoga groups in both eyes than in the control groups; however, there were some limitations related to a small sample size, study quality, a long-term follow-up period, and variations in the yoga practices. Therefore, further studies with larger sample sizes and long-term follow-up are needed to overcome the limitations for a better understanding.

[Acupuncture for glaucoma-induced optic atrophy: a randomized controlled trial].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture for glaucoma-induced optic atrophy. METHODS: A total of 70 patients (89 affected eyes) with glaucoma-induced optic atrophy were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 35 cases in each group. The control group was given basic western medicine treatment. In the observation group, on the basis of the treatment in the control group, acupuncture was applied at main acupoints i.e. Baihui (GV 20), Shangjingming (Extra), Chengqi (ST 1), Fengchi (GB 20), Zusanli (ST 36), combined with supplementary acupoints based on syndrome differentiation, once every three days, twice a week. The treatment for 3 months was required in both groups. Before treatment, after treatment and in follow-up of 6 months after treatment, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), indexes of visual field (visual field index [VFI], mean deviation [MD], pattern standard deviation [PSD]) and mean thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) were observed in the two groups. RESULTS: Compared before treatment, BCVA was decreased after treatment and in follow-up in the control group (P<0.05); in the follow-up, BCVA in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). On each time point before and after treatment, there was no significant difference within or between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment and in the follow-up, the mean thickness of RNFL was larger than the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: On the basis of the basic western medicine treatment, acupuncture can delay the decline of vision and the thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with glaucoma-induced optic atrophy.

Construction of an Ophthalmological Calendar for the Therapeutic Follow-Up of Glaucoma in the Elderly.

Health teams in primary care play a key role in the eye health of users as they understand that early identification of any visual change can result in satisfactory outcomes and better prognoses, preventing damage that is often irreversible to health. Building an ophthalmological calendar for the therapeutic follow-up of glaucoma in the elderly, this is a methodological study, as the process of constructing the calendar's content followed the Raymundo theoretical framework. The calendar was built in the following steps: bibliographic survey, content development, transformation of the language of scientific information into easy-to-understand expressions, creation and production of illustrations of the first draft, evaluation of the first draft made by the examining board, diagramming and presentation of the product. The construction of the calendar covers a specific theme for the elderly with glaucoma, which emphasizes the need to invest more in the inclusion of new technologies that will provide greater effectiveness and adherence of the user and the health team for the management of comprehensive care. The implementation of the produced calendar will allow for a better understanding and bond between the team professionals and the user and, consequently, a better monitoring of the therapeutic process of the patient involved.

Psychological interventions to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma patients: a review.

PURPOSE: Glaucoma has been increasing recognised to cause significant mental health burden to patients while psychological factors also play important roles in the development and progression of glaucoma. This review presents the current evidence of the impact of psychological interventions in glaucoma patients to improve their holistic care in terms of both physical and mental health by modulating psychological symptoms and supporting glaucoma control. METHODS: A literature search was conducted on PubMed for relevant studies up to February 2022. Types of psychological interventions include meditation, autogenic relaxation, music, hypnosis, motivational interviewing, psychological nursing and bright light exposure. Outcomes investigated were ocular parameters including intraocular pressure, mental health, patient motivation and satisfaction, and overall quality of life. RESULTS: Seventeen studies investigating the effects of psychological interventions on improving the care of glaucoma patients were reviewed. Daily meditation for 30 to 60 min has been shown to be effective in improving glaucoma control in terms of reducing intraocular pressure by 1.5 to 6.1 mmHg and improving ocular perfusion and quality of life. The impacts of music, autogenic training and psychological nursing on glaucoma control, vision outcomes and psychological symptoms are also promising while bright light exposure has shown some effects on sleeping quality. However, there is insufficient basis to support the adoption of motivational interviewing or hypnosis in glaucoma patients yet. CONCLUSION: Psychological interventions, especially meditation, can play a bigger role in the holistic care of glaucoma patients by controlling disease progression as an adjunct to conventional approaches and alleviating the mental health burden caused by the disease through stress reduction and emotional regulation. They empower patients to gain greater control of their disease and provides additional advantages of low cost, non-invasiveness and minimal side effects. Future research should involve well-conducted randomised trials with larger sample sizes and longer duration of intervention and follow-up to establish the long-term benefits for glaucoma patients.

Acupuncture for glaucoma-induced optic atrophy: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture for glaucoma-induced optic atrophy.@*METHODS@#A total of 70 patients (89 affected eyes) with glaucoma-induced optic atrophy were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 35 cases in each group. The control group was given basic western medicine treatment. In the observation group, on the basis of the treatment in the control group, acupuncture was applied at main acupoints i.e. Baihui (GV 20), Shangjingming (Extra), Chengqi (ST 1), Fengchi (GB 20), Zusanli (ST 36), combined with supplementary acupoints based on syndrome differentiation, once every three days, twice a week. The treatment for 3 months was required in both groups. Before treatment, after treatment and in follow-up of 6 months after treatment, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), indexes of visual field (visual field index [VFI], mean deviation [MD], pattern standard deviation [PSD]) and mean thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) were observed in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, BCVA was decreased after treatment and in follow-up in the control group (P<0.05); in the follow-up, BCVA in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). On each time point before and after treatment, there was no significant difference within or between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment and in the follow-up, the mean thickness of RNFL was larger than the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#On the basis of the basic western medicine treatment, acupuncture can delay the decline of vision and the thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with glaucoma-induced optic atrophy.

Remodeling of the Lamina Cribrosa: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Approaches for Glaucoma.

Glaucomatous optic neuropathy is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. The chronic disease is characterized by optic nerve degeneration and vision field loss. The reduction of intraocular pressure remains the only proven glaucoma treatment, but it does not prevent further neurodegeneration. There are three major classes of cells in the human optic nerve head (ONH): lamina cribrosa (LC) cells, glial cells, and scleral fibroblasts. These cells provide support for the LC which is essential to maintain healthy retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons. All these cells demonstrate responses to glaucomatous conditions through extracellular matrix remodeling. Therefore, investigations into alternative therapies that alter the characteristic remodeling response of the ONH to enhance the survival of RGC axons are prevalent. Understanding major remodeling pathways in the ONH may be key to developing targeted therapies that reduce deleterious remodeling.

Daily Meditation Practice for Managing Glaucoma Patients' Attitudes and Acceptance.

PRCIS: Overall, 63% of glaucoma patients agreed to 45-60 minutes of daily meditation. Predictors of accepting meditation included previous meditation practice, a diagnosis of glaucoma <1 year, and having a marital status of "single". PURPOSE: To explore patients' acceptance and barriers towards 45-60 minutes daily meditation for glaucoma management and to identify glaucoma patients with higher perceived stress levels who may benefit more from meditation practice. METHODS: Glaucoma patients attending the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia outpatient department were invited to complete a patient survey. This survey explored if patients would agree to 45-60 minutes of daily meditation and included the Determinants of Meditation Practice Inventory and Perceived Stress Scale questionnaires. Questionnaire scores were compared across participants' clinical and demographic characteristics using Student t test, ANOVA, and multiple-linear-regression analysis. RESULTS: Of the 123 eligible patients screened, 100 completed the survey (81.3%). Sixty-three (63%) patients would agree to 45-60 minutes of daily meditation if advised by their doctor. Univariate analysis showed increased acceptance of meditation (lower Determinants of Meditation Practice Inventory scores) to be associated with agreeing to meditate 45-60 minutes daily ( P =0.002), currently or previously practicing meditation ( P =0.006 and P =0.0004 respectively), and having a marital status as "single" ( P =0.02). Multivariate regression analysis showed previous meditation practice and a glaucoma diagnosis of <1 year to be predictive of accepting meditation ( P =0.01 and P =0.03 respectively). There were no predictive factors of Perceived Stress Scale scores. CONCLUSION: Given the high acceptance rate of 45-60 minutes daily meditation (63% of glaucoma patients sampled), this may be recommended for the benefit of patients. Patients who have previously meditated, have a relatively new diagnosis of glaucoma, and are single (marital status) were more accepting of meditation practice.

[Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to cataract and glaucoma in the population of Conakry, Guinea]. / Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques relatives à la cataracte et au glaucome dans la population de Conakry en Guinée.

Introduction: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to cataract and glaucoma in the population of Conakry Guinea. Methods: we conducted a prospective descriptive and analytical study at the Bartimée Clinic over a period of three months. All patients who agreed to answer our questionnaire and having an age ≥18 years were included. KAP questions related to cataract and glaucoma were asked. Knowledge levels were correlated with age, gender and education. Results: a total of 1000 people participated in the study. Sex-ratio was 1.10 and the mean age was 42.41 years ± 21.74. Male occupations were found to be more represented 21.80%; illiterate persons accounted for 45.10%, those with a very good level of knowledge 47.50%, patients knowing that the treatment of cataract was surgical 59.10%. For glaucoma: 55.80% of patients thought that the treatment was surgical. In the case of cataract and glaucoma 51.90% said they would go to hospital, 38,80% would go to a traditional healer and 9,30% practiced self-medication. There was a significant link between age, gender and education level and knowledge about cataract and glaucoma. Conclusion: in Conakry, Guinea, KAP related to cataract and glaucoma are less than satisfactory. Awareness-raising strategies should be undertaken to improve results.

NMNAT2 is downregulated in glaucomatous RGCs, and RGC-specific gene therapy rescues neurodegeneration and visual function.

The lack of neuroprotective treatments for retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and optic nerve (ON) is a central challenge for glaucoma management. Emerging evidence suggests that redox factor NAD+ decline is a hallmark of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Supplementation with NAD+ precursors and overexpression of NMNAT1, the key enzyme in the NAD+ biosynthetic process, have significant neuroprotective effects. We first profile the translatomes of RGCs in naive mice and mice with silicone oil-induced ocular hypertension (SOHU)/glaucoma by RiboTag mRNA sequencing. Intriguingly, only NMNAT2, but not NMNAT1 or NMNAT3, is significantly decreased in SOHU glaucomatous RGCs, which we confirm by in situ hybridization. We next demonstrate that AAV2 intravitreal injection-mediated overexpression of long half-life NMNAT2 mutant driven by RGC-specific mouse γ-synuclein (mSncg) promoter restores decreased NAD+ levels in glaucomatous RGCs and ONs. Moreover, this RGC-specific gene therapy strategy delivers significant neuroprotection of both RGC soma and axon and preservation of visual function in the traumatic ON crush model and the SOHU glaucoma model. Collectively, our studies suggest that the weakening of NMNAT2 expression in glaucomatous RGCs contributes to a deleterious NAD+ decline, and that modulating RGC-intrinsic NMNAT2 levels by AAV2-mSncg vector is a promising gene therapy for glaucomatous neurodegeneration.

Acupuncture treatment of glaucoma based on radar plots: A protocol for an overview of systematic reviews.

BACKGROUND: Glaucoma is the second most blinding eye disease in the world. Currently, lowering the intraocular pressure through various methods is the main treatment of glaucoma. Acupuncture has been effectively and safely used in the treatment of glaucoma. However, the evidence for the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of glaucoma is controversial, leading to inconsistent findings from systematic evaluations at abroad and home. Therefore, this protocol aims to provide a multivariate evaluation on the quality of evidences from current systematic reviews (SRs) and/or meta-analyzes (MAs) of acupuncture in the treatment of glaucoma, and literature quality, thus providing an intuitive and reliable evidence synthesis and basis for clinical decision making. METHODS: MAs/SRs about the acupuncture treatment of glaucoma will be searched online, including Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Database (WF), Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. Two investigators will independently screen literatures according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and extract data. A multivariate evaluation of the included literature will be performed by depicting radar plots in 6 aspects as follows: Year of publication, study type, SRs assessment through the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2), literature quality assessment through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA), homogeneity, and publication bias. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation evidence quality assessment tool will be used to grade and evaluate the quality of outcome indicators of the included literatures. RESULTS: This study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION: We would like to provide a visual and scientific approach for clinical decision making of acupuncture treatment of glaucoma through a accessible and useful assessment of systematic reviews.

Effects of non-pharmacological interventions on anxiety, depression, and sleep quality in patients with postoperative glaucoma: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Glaucoma is the second most-common blinding ophthalmic disease in the world, and its incidence has been rising year by year in recent years. Currently, the main treatment of glaucoma still relies on surgery. Glaucoma patients often suffer from various psychological problems like anxiety and depression not only because of the lack of understanding of the surgical treatment of glaucoma, but also the long-term stress and the poor prognosis. As alternative therapies, non-pharmacological interventions can greatly alleviate psychological burdens and improve sleep quality in surgically treated glaucoma patients. Randomized controlled trials of non-pharmacologic interventions for glaucoma have been reported, although the results remain conflicting. Evidences for determining the efficacy of non-pharmacologic interventions for glaucoma are scant. This study aims to assess the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on anxiety, depression, and sleep quality in patients with postoperative glaucoma through a network meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic search of relevant literatures published before August 2021 about the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on anxiety, depression, and sleep quality in patients with postoperative glaucoma will be performed in Wanfang, VP Information Chinese Journal Service Platform, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese BioMedicine Literature Database, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of science. Two reviewers will be independently responsible for literature screening and selection, quality assessment, and data extraction. WinBUGS 1.4 will be used for the network meta-analysis. RESULTS: This meta-analysis will provide additional and stronger evidences for non-pharmacological interventions on anxiety, depression, and sleep quality in patients with postoperative glaucoma, which will help clinicians and decision makers to make an optimal therapeutic strategy. CONCLUSION: This study will provide a reliable evidence-based basis for the clinical application of non-pharmacological interventions on anxiety, depression, and sleep quality in patients with postoperative glaucoma. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was not required for this study. The systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, presented at conferences, and shared on social media platforms. This review would be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal or conference presentations. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/TYJPK.

Psychotherapeutic Treatment Options in Glaucoma Patients. / Psychotherapeutische Ansätze beim Glaukom.

Glaucoma poses the second largest cause of severe visual impairment and loss of vision worldwide. Despite the progress in both pharmaceutical and surgical treatments, the attempts to decrease intraocular pressure and prevent progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy fail in many cases. Hence there is a high demand for additional complementary methods, which can reduce intraocular pressure and improve ocular blood flow as well as mental well-being. On the basis of literature research, the study results published so far on the effectiveness of psychotherapeutical methods in glaucoma therapy will be presented here. The methods of autogenic training, hypnosis and music therapy have already been demonstrated to have a positive effect on intraocular pressure, ocular blood flow and psychological well-being of patients affected by glaucoma. With these methods being not only effective but also cost-efficient, free of side effects and easily administered, they could gain importance in terms of an adjuvant treatment option for patients with glaucoma. However, regular ophthalmological examinations still remain obligatory.