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1.
J Am Nutr Assoc ; 41(3): 291-300, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33856969

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Loss of vital bioactive components of Ficus palmata fruit extract during food processing is a major issue. Therefore, to retain the antioxidant potential and to increase the mineral bioavailability, gum arabic stabilized nanoemulsion of Fig fruit extract was prepared. METHOD: . Nanoemulsion was formulated using three different levels (1, 3, and 5%) of fig extract, however, to optimize the fig extract concentration, the amount of gum arabic and linoleic acid was kept constant. RESULTS: The average droplet size of nanoemulsion was observed in the range of 22.88-37.87 nm, whereas the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups in the emulsion system. Also, increased ionic concentration significantly (p < 0.05) increased the average droplet size and zeta potential of nanoemulsion during storage. Increased shear rate and temperature unveiled a slight decrease in apparent viscosity of the nanoemulsion. Non-significant (p < 0.05) difference in TBA value confirmed the oxidative stability of the emulsion. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher mineral bioavailability for calcium was observed as compared to iron and zinc. CONCLUSION: Our results manifested improved anti-oxidant activity, mineral bioavailability, and oxidative stability of Fig extract nanoemulsion, suggesting its potential use as a therapeutic alternative.


Asunto(s)
Ficus , Antioxidantes/análisis , Emulsiones/análisis , Frutas/química , Goma Arábiga/análisis , Minerales/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/análisis
2.
J Food Sci ; 83(2): 525-534, 2018 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29350750

RESUMEN

The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of selenium-enriched yeast (SY) and Gum Arabic (GA) have been reported. This study aimed to determine the hepatoprotective effect of SY and GA combination on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced chronic liver injury in rats and to explore their synergistic mechanisms of action. Forty adult male Wistar rats randomly allotted to 5 groups: (A) worked as control, (B) was administered CCl4 , (C-E) were fed daily by GA, SY, and GA+SY respectively after mixing with basal diet, following CCl4 -intoxication. GA and SY combination significantly ameliorated CCl4 -induced reduction in serum total protein with elevation in aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in addition to restoring the histopathological changes and hepatic content of hydroxyproline. GA and SY combination was also effective in reducing lipid peroxidation (MDA), consistent with an increase in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, indicating the suppression of liver oxidative stress. Furthermore, liver inflammation was ameliorated by GA and SY combination through inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and toll-like receptor 4(TLR-4) over expression in the liver. Moreover, the up-regulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression by GA and SY combination enhanced the regeneration of liver tissue after CCl4 -administration. The expression of Collagen1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFß1), was obviously ameliorated by GA and SY combination, suggesting the amelioration of profibrotic response of the liver. Taken together, our current study suggests that GA and SY combination exhibit a significant hepatoprotective activity, which more efficient than GA or SY alone. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Chronic liver diseases are the serious health problems, which increase the morbidity and mortality in the world today. Selenium-enriched yeast (SY) and Gum Arabic (GA) combination might be potential dietary agents could obviously ameliorate chronic liver damage, higher than GA and SY alone. They act to suppress the inflammation and inhibit the profibrotic response as well as support the liver regeneration.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/tratamiento farmacológico , Goma Arábiga/administración & dosificación , Sustancias Protectoras/administración & dosificación , Selenio/administración & dosificación , Acacia/química , Alanina Transaminasa/metabolismo , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/metabolismo , Tetracloruro de Carbono/efectos adversos , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/genética , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/metabolismo , Quimiocina CCL2/genética , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , Ciclooxigenasa 2/genética , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Goma Arábiga/análisis , Humanos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , FN-kappa B/genética , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/química , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Selenio/análisis , Selenio/metabolismo , Receptor Toll-Like 4/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 4/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba
3.
J Sci Food Agric ; 98(8): 3076-3083, 2018 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29194637

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that phenolic compounds present in grapefruit play an important role in the bioactive properties of this fruit. However, the consumption of fresh grapefruit is low. Freeze-dried powdered grapefruit can be an alternative to promote this fruit consumption. To improve the quality and stability of the powdered fruit, encapsulating and anticaking agents can be added. In the present study, different grapefruit powders obtained by freeze-drying with the addition of gum arabic (1.27 g per 100 g) and bamboo fibre (0.76 g per 100 g) with and without a pre-drying microwave treatment were compared with the fresh and freeze-dried fruit with no carriers added, aiming to evaluate the effect of these preservation processes on phenolics content and on its antioxidant [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)] and anti-inflamatory (evaluated in RAW 264.7 macrophages) capacities. RESULTS: Freeze-drying and gum arabic and bamboo fibre addition significantly increased total phenolics, as well as the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities (by inhibiting nitric oxide production of lipopolysaccharide activated RAW 264.7 macrophages), of grapefruit. An additional increase in these parameters was obtained with microwave pretreatment before freeze-drying. CONCLUSIONS: The combined addition of gum arabic and bamboo fibre to grapefruit puree and the application of a microwave pretreatment improve the functional properties of the fruit without showing cytotoxicity in vitro. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.


Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/química , Antioxidantes/química , Citrus paradisi/química , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Fenoles/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Citrus paradisi/efectos de la radiación , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Aditivos Alimentarios/análisis , Liofilización , Frutas/química , Goma Arábiga/análisis , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Ratones , Microondas , Óxido Nítrico/inmunología , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Polvos/química , Polvos/aislamiento & purificación , Células RAW 264.7 , Sasa/química
4.
Anal Bioanal Chem ; 401(6): 1827-37, 2011 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21725834

RESUMEN

Natural organic materials used to prepare pharmaceutical mixtures including ointments and balsams have been characterized by a combined non-destructive spectroscopic analytical approach. Three classes of materials which include vegetable oils (olive, almond and palm tree), gums (Arabic and Tragacanth) and beeswax are considered in this study according to their widespread use reported in ancient recipes. Micro-FTIR, micro-Raman and fluorescence spectroscopies have been applied to fresh and mildly thermally aged samples. Vibrational characterization of these organic compounds is reported together with tabulated frequencies, highlighting all spectral features and changes in spectra which occur following artificial aging. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy has been shown to be particularly useful for the assessment of changes in oils after aging; spectral difference between Tragacanth and Arabic gum could be due to variations in origin and processing of raw materials. Analysis of these materials using non-destructive spectroscopic techniques provided important analytical information which could be used to guide further study.


Asunto(s)
Bálsamos/química , Pomadas/química , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia/métodos , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Espectrometría Raman/métodos , Tecnología Farmacéutica/historia , Goma Arábiga/análisis , Historia Antigua , Aceites de Plantas/análisis , Ceras/análisis
6.
Food Addit Contam ; 21(11): 1027-34, 2004 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15764330

RESUMEN

Anti-carbohydrate antibodies with specificities for polysaccharide gums were isolated from the serum of rabbits that were immunized with a solution of the gums and Freund's complete adjuvant. The primary objective was to test an immunological method for the detection of the polysaccharide gums as additives to processed foods. Analysis involved the extraction of food with phosphate buffer and the testing of the extract for a reaction with anti-gum antibodies by the agar diffusion method. Reaction by a specific gum with the homologous antibodies establishes the presence of the gum in the food. The method is a novel application of antibodies. The antibody method is highly specific for a gum and thus possesses advantages over other methods of analysis for polysaccharide gums as additives in processed foods.


Asunto(s)
Aditivos Alimentarios/análisis , Análisis de los Alimentos/métodos , Polisacáridos/análisis , Animales , Anticuerpos/inmunología , Cromatografía de Afinidad/métodos , Manipulación de Alimentos , Galactanos/análisis , Galactanos/inmunología , Goma Arábiga/análisis , Inmunodifusión/métodos , Mananos/análisis , Mananos/inmunología , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/inmunología , Gomas de Plantas , Polisacáridos/inmunología , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/análisis , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/inmunología , Prosopis/inmunología , Conejos , Sefarosa
7.
J Dairy Sci ; 86(12): 3857-65, 2003 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14740820

RESUMEN

Plant hydrocolloids used in the food industry to improve texture and stability of food, such as dairy products, can reduce protein digestibility and, consequently, modify the bioavailability of amino acids. We studied the in vitro hydrolysis at 37 degrees C of beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg) in mixed dispersions containing either gum arabic or low-methylated pectin or xylan at levels of 0, 1, 10, 20, 30, and 50% weight. Proteolysis used either pepsin alone by progressive reduction of pH during proteolysis or pepsin followed by trypsin and chymotrypsin in two different dialysis bags with a molecular weight (MW) cutoff of 1000 or 8000 Da. Results showed that beta-lg was almost resistant to pepsin digestion and that the three plant hydrocolloids inhibited significantly beta-lg digestibility as determined using dialysis bag with a 1000-Da MW cutoff. Among the three polysaccharides used, xylan showed a digestibility decrease greater than that obtained with gum arabic and low-methylated pectin. On the other hand, no significant effect of polysaccharides on the in vitro beta-lg digestibility was detected using the dialysis bag with an 8000 Da MW cutoff. This mainly suggests that peptides with MW in the range 1000 to 8000 Da may interact with polysaccharides more than peptides and proteins with a greater molecular weight to decrease the protein digestibility, and that the nature of the polysaccharides plays a role in the interaction.


Asunto(s)
Digestión , Goma Arábiga/análisis , Lactoglobulinas/metabolismo , Pectinas/análisis , Xilanos/análisis , Animales , Quimotripsina/metabolismo , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Hidrólisis , Metilación , Leche/química , Pepsina A/metabolismo , Tripsina/metabolismo
8.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 62(6): 1252-60, 1995 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7491889

RESUMEN

Eighteen healthy males with a body weight of 70.0 +/- 3.1 kg consumed three defined-formula diets that varied only in their fiber and/or lipid components: 1) 6.4% fiber (100% soy polysaccharides) and 13.1% lipid [50% medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCTs), 40% corn oil, and 10% soy oil]; 2) 3.4% fiber (75% oat fiber, 17.5% gum arabic, and 7.5% carboxymethylcellulose) and 15.6% lipid (20% MCTs, 50% canola oil, and 30% high oleic acid safflower oil); and 3) 4.4% fiber (same as diet 2) and 14.5% lipid (same as diet 1). Consumption of diet 2 resulted in slightly firmer stools and provided the greatest amount of fecal output per unit fiber intake. Total dietary fiber (TDF) digestibility was lowest for men fed diets 2 and 3, but nitrogen and lipid digestibilities and energy metabolism criteria were not different among diets. Although mineral excretion patterns differed among treatments, fiber and lipid components of the diets appeared not to be responsible for these differences. Results indicate that fecal output can be maintained with a lower intake of a blend of oat fiber, gum arabic, and carboxymethylcellulose compared with soy polysaccharides. Except for TDF digestibility, alteration of amounts and/or sources of fiber and lipid components of defined-formula diets used in this experiment did not alter nutrient digestibility, energy metabolism, or mineral retention.


Asunto(s)
Fibras de la Dieta/farmacología , Digestión/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo Energético/efectos de los fármacos , Heces/química , Lípidos/farmacología , Minerales/metabolismo , Adulto , Calcio/análisis , Calcio/metabolismo , Carboximetilcelulosa de Sodio/análisis , Cobre/análisis , Cobre/metabolismo , Creatinina/orina , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Digestión/fisiología , Metabolismo Energético/fisiología , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Alimentos Formulados/análisis , Goma Arábiga/análisis , Humanos , Hierro/análisis , Hierro/metabolismo , Lípidos/análisis , Magnesio/análisis , Magnesio/metabolismo , Masculino , Minerales/análisis , Fósforo/análisis , Fósforo/metabolismo , Polisacáridos/análisis , Potasio/análisis , Potasio/metabolismo , Zinc/análisis , Zinc/metabolismo
9.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 30(1): 75-89, 1990 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2214825

RESUMEN

A turbidimetric method was developed for the quantitative estimation of the total alkaloids of kutaj bark (Holarrhena antidysenterica) in crude medicinal preparations and in the body fluids of man and rat. The alkaloids were colloidally precipitated with Dragendorff's reagent as complex salts of potassium iodobismuthate in extremely dilute solutions. The finely subdivided orange-brown precipitate gave a coloured, clear homogeneous suspension in the presence of gum arabic. Optical density of such suspensions changed linearly with the change in alkaloid concentration, when prepared within the standardized experimental conditions that included control of ion concentration and temperature of the reaction mixture. Observations revealed the reversible nature of the alkaloid-reagent reaction. Crude medicinal preparations from three different pharmaceutical sources contained varying concentrations of the alkaloids. Complete recovery of the alkaloids was possible from plasma and urine, while significant amounts of the alkaloids were lost to blood cells and faecal contents in man and rat.


Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/análisis , Plantas Medicinales/análisis , Alcaloides/sangre , Alcaloides/orina , Animales , Heces/química , Filtración , Goma Arábiga/análisis , Humanos , Indicadores y Reactivos , Nefelometría y Turbidimetría , Fotometría , Ratas , Temperatura
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