A Case Report: An Acute Spinal Epidural Hematoma after Acupuncture Mimicking Stroke.

BACKGROUND: Spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) after acupuncture is rare and may present with acute or subacute onset and varied symptoms, making it difficult to diagnose. This condition can mimic acute stroke, so it is vital to establish a clear diagnosis before considering thrombolytic therapy, which could be disastrous if applied inappropriately. CASE REPORT: We describe a 52-year-old man who presented to our emergency department (ED) with acute onset of unilateral weakness of the limbs for 3.5 h immediately after receiving acupuncture at the bilateral neck and back. The acute stroke team was activated. In the ED, computer tomography angiography from the aortic arch to the head revealed spinal epidural hematoma. The patient was admitted to the ward for conservative treatment and was discharged with subtle residual symptoms of arm soreness 5 days later. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Acute spinal epidural hematoma rarely presents with unilateral weakness of the limbs, mimicking a stroke. Because inappropriate thrombolysis can lead to devastating symptoms, spinal epidural hematoma should be excluded when evaluating an acute stroke patient with a history of acupuncture who is a possible candidate for thrombolytic therapy.

Cerebrospinal vascular diseases misdiagnosed as decompression illness: the importance of considering other neurological diagnoses.

The diagnosis of decompression illness (DCI), which is based on a history of decompression and clinical findings, can sometimes be confounded with other vascular events of the central nervous system. The authors report three cases of divers who were urgently transported to a hyperbaric facility for hyperbaric oxygen treatment of DCI which at admission turned out to be something else. The first case, a 45-year-old experienced diver with unconsciousness, was clinically diagnosed as having experienced subarachnoid hemorrhage, which was confirmed by CT scan. The second case, a 49-year-old fisherman with a hemiparesis which occurred during diving, was diagnosed as cerebral stroke, resulting in putaminal hemorrhage. The third case, a 54-year-old fisherman with sensory numbness, ataxic gait and urinary retention following sudden post-dive onset of upper back pain, was diagnosed as spinal epidural hematoma; he also showed blood collection in the spinal canal. Neurological insults following scuba diving can present clinically with confusing features of cerebral and/or spinal DCI. We emphasize the importance of considering cerebral and/or spinal vascular diseases as unusual causes of neurological deficits after or during diving.

An acute cervical epidural hematoma as a complication of dry needling.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective case report. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to report an unusual complication of dry needling. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Epidural hematomas after dry needling are quite unusual and only a few cases of epidural hematoma after acupuncture have been reported in the literature. We are presenting the first report of acute cervical epidural hematoma after dry needling. METHODS: A 58-year-old woman presented with quadriparesis and neck pain. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine revealed a hyperintense mass in the T2-weighted magnetic resonance image at the C2-T2 level, which proved to be an epidural hematoma. RESULTS: Symptoms related to the epidural hematoma resolved after decompression. CONCLUSION: Though rare, epidural hematomas are a possible complication when applying needling therapies. Therapists need to have precise knowledge of human anatomy, especially in the region where he or she will puncture. Continuous attention must be paid throughout the whole procedure.

A report of paraparesis following spinal cord stimulator trial, implantation and revision.

BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury has been reported as a rare complication of spinal cord stimulation (SCS). A review of the literature shows a very low incidence of neurological injury after spinal cord stimulation trial, implantation and revision. The most common reported complication is equipment failure without neurologic injury. The incidence of spinal cord injury after SCS trial, implantation and revision is unknown. There have been limited reports of neurologic injury secondary to dural puncture, infection, cord contusion, actual needle penetration of the spinal cord and epidural hematoma. STUDY DESIGN: A report of 4 cases. OBJECTIVE: To report 4 occurrences of neurological complication after spinal cord stimulator implantation. METHODS: Four patients are presented who were admitted to an acute spinal cord rehabilitation hospital over a 4-month period. All 4 patients presented with paraparesis after spinal cord stimulator trial or implantation. One of the injuries is secondary to cord contusion, while the other 3 are secondary to cord compressions. Two of these compressions are due to epidural hematomas and one secondary to implantation in the setting of broad based thoracic disc herniations. The clinical cases are presented as well as a review of the literature. RESULTS: All 4 patients had the electrodes and neurostimulators successfully removed prior to their acute rehabilitation admissions. At discharge from acute inpatient rehabilitation, one patient continued to experience complete paraplegia, 2 patients had incomplete paraparesis and one had fully recovered all of his neurologic function. CONCLUSION: SCS is considered a safe procedure. Further investigation into the true incidence of neurologic injury after SCS is warranted.

Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma masquerading as an abscess on magnetic resonance imaging scan.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of the study are to describe a case of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) without any predisposing factors and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of epidural abscess and to highlight the importance of high clinical suspicion. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 75-year-old male presented to the emergency department after a severe neck pain. He progressively showed sensory and upper motor signs on the left side of the body. The MRI scans were suggestive of cervical epidural abscess with peripheral enhancement of the lesion. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES: He underwent a multiple level (C3-T1) laminectomy when he was found to have an SSEH. There has been no history of trauma or other predisposing factor, and presence of arteriovenous malformation was ruled out by MR angiography. CONCLUSIONS: The MRI features of SSEH may be misleading and mimic other spinal lesions such as abscess. Presence of tapering superior and inferior margins, spotty Gadolinium enhancement in the mass, along with abrupt clinical onset of pain and neurologic deficit, should raise the suspicion toward epidural hematoma. Enhancement in the hyperacute stage of the hematoma itself might indicate continued bleeding and, in the case of deteriorating neurologic status, will necessitate decompression.

Cervicothoracic epidural hematoma after chiropractic spinal manipulation therapy. Case report and review of the literature.

A spinal epidural hematoma is an extremely rare complication of cervical spine manipulation therapy (CSMT). The authors present the case of an adult woman, otherwise in good health, who developed Brown-Séquard syndrome after CSMT. Decompressive surgery performed within 8 hours after the onset of symptoms allowed for complete recovery of the patient's preoperative neurological deficit. The unique feature of this case was the magnetic resonance image showing increased signal intensity in the paraspinal musculature consistent with a contusion, which probably formed after SMT. The pertinent literature is also reviewed.

Chiropractic manipulation: reasons for concern?

Chiropractic's popularity is rising among the general population. Moreover, few studies have been conducted to properly evaluate its safety. We report three cases of serious neurological adverse events in patients treated with chiropractic manipulation. The first case is a 41 years old woman who developed a vertebro-basilar stroke 48 h after cervical manipulation. The second case represents a 68 years old woman who presented a neuropraxic injury of both radial nerves after three sessions of spinal manipulation. The last case is a 34 years old man who developed a cervical epidural haematoma after a chiropractic treatment for neck pain. In all three cases there were criteria to consider a causality relation between the neurological adverse events and the chiropractic manipulation. The described serious adverse events promptly recommend the implementation of a risk alert system.

Spinal epidural hematoma after spinal manipulative therapy in a patient undergoing anticoagulant therapy: a case report.

OBJECTIVE: We report on the case of a patient with spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) after spinal manipulative therapy and review features of reported cases of a similar nature. CLINICAL FEATURES: The patient was undergoing Coumadin anticoagulant therapy for atrial fibrillation and presented to the chiropractor complaining of a stiff neck. After cervical manipulation, he developed paresthesia in both feet, progressing to motor deficits in all 4 extremities. He required a laminectomy and evacuation of a clot indenting the spinal cord. RESULTS: Review of the literature revealed 7 reported cases of SEH after manipulation; 5 patients underwent cervical manipulation and 1 patient received Coumadin therapy. CONCLUSION: Practitioners of spinal manipulative therapy should be aware of SEH as a possible complication of manipulation in patients at risk and should exercise caution in the care of patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy.