Long-Term Carbohydrate-Containing Late-Evening Snack Significantly Improves the Ratio of Branched Chain Amino Acids to Aromatic Amino Acids in Adults with Liver Cirrhosis due to Hepatitis B.

BACKGROUND: The liver is the primary organ for amino acid metabolism, and metabolic disorder of amino acids is common in liver disease. However, the characteristics of plasma amino acid profiles in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis and the impacts of late-evening snack (LES) on cirrhosis are unclear. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the characteristics of plasma amino acid profiles in patients with HBV-related chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and the effects of late-evening snacks on plasma amino acid profiles. METHODS: 86 patients with HBV-related cirrhosis and eighty patients with chronic hepatitis B were included in this study. The plasma amino acid profiles were measured by the amino acid analyzer. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, of which the liver cirrhosis group was to receive daily LES (n = 43) or non-LES (n = 43) for 6 months. Plasma amino acid profiles and biochemical parameters were measured in both groups at baseline and after 1, 3, and 6 months. RESULTS: Compared to healthy controls, the plasma concentration in the liver cirrhosis group of threonine, serine, glycine, glutamine, cysteine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, arginine, and methionine increased significantly (P < 0.05), while the ratio of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) to aromatic amino acids (AAA) decreased significantly (P < 0.05). A carbohydrate-predominant LES treatment resulted in a significant increase in BCAA/AAA and decrease in the level of ammonia and glutamine compared with baseline after 6 months of supplementation (P < 0.05). Patients with Child-Pugh B and C are more responsive to changes in amino acid profiles than those with Child-Pugh A. CONCLUSIONS: The application of an LES carbohydrate module for six months in liver cirrhosis patients was associated with increased BCAA/AAA and decreased level of ammonia. Patients with Child-Pugh B and C grades were the most beneficial population.

[Experience of biologically active supplements to food containing indoles and isothiocyanates in patients with chronic viral hepatitis]. / Opyt ispol'zovaniia BAD k pishche, soderzhashchei indoly i izotiotsionaty, u bol'nykh khronicheskim virusnym gepatitom.

We have studied the effect of dietary supplement "ExPress" on clinical and biochemical parameters and on the activity of detoxification enzymes of liver in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C. 24 patients (19 females and 5 males aged 16-39 years) were enrolled in the study. Patients in case group received dietary supplement "ExPress" in addition to basic treatment. Average indices of total bilirubin in cases after treatment were 26.98 +/- 2.85 mmol/l, while in controls--34.31 +/- 5.72 mmol/l (p > 0.05). Average indices of alanin-aminotransferase and aspartate-aminotransferase were 78.75 +/- 11.25 and 160.75 +/- 23.67 units while in controls--208.5 +/- 56.4 and 330.25 +/- 65.14 units respectively (p < 0.05). In case group we observed full normalization of thymol test--from 9.99 +/- 1.51 to 4.03 +/- 0.73 units (p = 0.001), while in controls--from 7.9 +/- 1.56 only to 5.2 +/- 1.15 units (p = 0.194). Contents of non-metabolized antipyrine in cases decreased from 9.76 +/- 1.2% (p = 0.0002) whilst in controls--from 9.38 +/- 1.28% only to 3.93 +/- 1.18% (p = 0.01). Results of the study show that dietary supplement "ExPress" induces the activity of detoxification enzymes of liver and increases the efficiency of basic treatment.

Nutritional therapy of chronic hepatitis by whey protein (non-heated).

In an open study the clinical efficacy of milk serum (whey) protein (Immunocal; cysteine content: 7.6-fold higher than that of casein) isolated from fresh milk and purified without heating was evaluated in 25 patients with chronic hepatitis B or C. Immunocal (12 g as protein) food (mousse) was given twice a day, in the morning and evening, for 12 weeks (test period). Casein (12 g as protein) food (mousse) was similarly given for two weeks prior to the start of the supplement with Immunocal food (induction period) and for four weeks after the end of the supplement with Immunocal food (follow-up period). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was reduced, and plasma glutathione (GSH) levels increased in six and five of eight patients with chronic hepatitis B, respectively, 12 weeks after the start of the supplement with Immunocal food. Serum lipid peroxide levels significantly decreased, and interleukin (IL)-2 levels and natural killer (NK) activity significantly increased. However, there were no significant Immunocal-related changes in 17 patients with chronic hepatitis C. These findings suggest that the long-term supplement with Immunocal alone may be effective for improving liver dysfunctions in patients with chronic hepatitis B.