Treatment of abscessed primary molars utilizing lesion sterilization and tissue repair: literature review and report of three cases.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this report was to review an emerging alternative treatment to pulpectomies and extractions for nonvital primary teeth called lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR) and provide the results of three clinical case applications. LSTR is a noninstrumentation endodontic treatment that involves a triantibiotic mixture in a propylene glycol vehicle, which is used to disinfect root canal systems. This concept was developed by the cariology research unit of the School of Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. This article reviews the development of the technique, clinical procedures required for the technique, three clinical applications and radiographic documentation and follow-up, and a short literature review of the current evidence supporting its application in clinical practice.

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of various root canal filling materials along with aloevera used in primary teeth: a microbiological study.

AIM: this study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of 6 root canal filling materials and a negative control agent against 18 strains of bacteria isolated from infected root canals of primary molar teeth using agar diffusion assay. MATERIALS: Aloevera with sterile water Zinc oxide and Eugenol, Zinc oxide-Eugenol with aloevera, Calcium hydroxide and sterile water, Calcium hydroxide with sterile water and aloevera, Calcium hydroxide and Iodoform (Metapex) and Vaseline (Control). MIC and MBC of aloevera was calculated. RESULTS: All materials except Vaseline showed varied antimicrobial activity against the test bacterias. The zones of inhibition were ranked into 4 inhibition categories based on the proportional distribution of the data. All the 18 bacterial isolates were classified under 2 groups based on Gram positive and Gram negative aerobes. Statistical analysis was carried out to compare the antimicrobial effectiveness between materials tested with each of the bacterial groupings. CONCLUSION: Aloevera + Sterile Water was found to have superior antimicrobial activity against most of the microorganisms followed by ZOE + Aloevera, calcium hydroxide + Aloevera, ZOE, calcium hydroxide, Metapex in the descending order and Vaseline showed no inhibition.

Sutures coated with antiseptic pomade to prevent bacterial colonization: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess if an antiseptic pomade could reduce the bacterial colonization on multifilament sutures. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 40 volunteer patients of both sexes aged 18-70, randomly separated into experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. The experimental group received pomade-coated sutures (iodoform + calendula) and the control group uncoated sutures. Two millimeters of the suture was harvested from each patient from the 1st to the 15th postoperative day. The bacteria that had adhered to them were cultured. The number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) was determined and the groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney statistical test (P < .05). RESULTS: The experimental group showed a significant reduction in bacterial growth compared with the control group (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: In this experimental model, the antiseptic pomade was effective in reducing bacterial colonization on silk braided sutures.

Evaluation of respiratory parameters in rats and rabbits exposed to methyl iodide.

Laboratory animals exposed to methyl iodide (MeI) have previously demonstrated lesions of the olfactory epithelium that were associated with local metabolism in the nasal tissues. Interactions of MeI in the nasal passage may, therefore, alter systemic toxicokinetics. The current study used unrestrained plethysmographs to determine the MeI effect on the breathing frequency and minute volume (MV) in rats and rabbits. Groups of 4 rats each were exposed to 0, 25, or 100 ppm and groups of 4 rabbits each were exposed to 0 and 20 ppm MeI for 6 h. Breathing frequency and MV were measured and recorded during the exposure. Blood samples were collected for inorganic serum iodide and the globin adduct S-methylcysteine (SMC) as biomarkers of systemic kinetics immediately following exposure. No significant reductions in breathing frequency were observed for either rats or rabbits. Significant changes in minute volume were demonstrated by both rats and rabbits; however, the changes observed in rats were not concentration dependent. The MeI-induced changes in MV resulted in significant differences in the total volume of test substance atmosphere inhaled over the 6-h period. Rats demonstrated a concentration-dependent increase in both inorganic serum iodide and SMC. Rabbits exposed to 20 ppm MeI demonstrated a significant increase of inorganic serum iodide; SMC was also increased but was not statistically significant. The results of this study are consistent with previous kinetic studies with MeI, and the data presented here can be integrated into a computational fluid dynamics physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for both rats and rabbits.

Evaluation of possible modes of action for acute effects of methyl iodide in laboratory animals.

Recent studies have indicated that exposures to methyl iodide (MeI) produce a number of effects in laboratory animals, including fetal toxicity, neurotoxicity, and degeneration of the nasal epithelium. An understanding of the mode of action by which the effects of MeI are produced is useful in guiding critical decisions used in risk assessment. These decisions include the selection of the appropriate internal dose measure(s) calculated using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, and evaluating the relevance of the observations in animals to human health. Modified Hill criteria were used to evaluate several possible mode(s) of action through which MeI produces toxicity in animals. For each endpoint, the key studies were summarized and several possible modes of action were compared to the modified Hill criteria. The available data best support the hypothesis that the fetal effects were likely associated with modulation of the thyroid hormones by iodide during development. This mode of action dictates the use of an internal dose measure in the risk assessment that is indicative of fetal iodide status, such as cumulative iodide concentration (area-under-the-curve or AUC) for iodide in fetal blood. The acute transient neurotoxicity observed in rats exposed to MeI is best supported by a mode of action involving modification of ion currents by the parent chemical in nerve cells. In the case of assessing the potential acute neurotoxicity of MeI, the peak concentration of MeI in the brain would be the appropriate internal dose measure. Finally, the nasal lesions associated with exposure to high concentrations of MeI in rats are best supported by a mode of action that involves glutathione (GSH) depletion in the nasal epithelial tissue. The daily minimum GSH level in olfactory epithelium is the most appropriate internal dose measure for use in risk assessment for this endpoint. Confidence in these modes of action is considered low for the neurotoxic effects, medium for the nasal effects, and high for the fetal effects.