Effects of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extracts and dry ice on the physicochemical stability of omega-3 fatty-acid-fortified surimi-like meat products.

BACKGROUND: Lipid peroxidation entails major quality degradation in omega-3 (ω-3) fatty-acid-fortified surimi-like meat products upon storage. Currently, the use of label-friendly alternatives to synthetic antioxidants is encouraged in the industry. Hence, we aimed to examine the applicability of the hurdle-technology concept, using an 80% (v/v) ethanol solution to obtain rosemary extracts (REs) containing substantial amounts of polyphenol, and dry ice (DI) which can create a cryogenic environment, on the physicochemical stabilities of ω-3 fatty-acid (FA)-fortified meat products after manufacturing and storage periods. The polyphenolic profiles of the REs were also investigated. RESULTS: Carnosol and rosmarinic acid are major phenolic components in REs. Furthermore, DI addition during the chopping procedure increased (P < 0.05) whiteness values and hardness of products, while total ω-3 and ω-6 FAs were relatively well preserved (P < 0.05) in products with flaxseed oil premixed with RE. During 14-day storage at 4 °C, combined treatment with RE and DI decreased (P < 0.05) thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels and the centrifugation loss of products. Single or combined treatment with RE and/or DI decreased (P < 0.05) TBARS levels in products after 60 days of storage at -20 °C. CONCLUSION: Due to the antioxidant-polyphenol profile of REs and a possible oxygen exclusion of DI treatment under atmospheric pressure during food manufacturing, application of the hurdle-technology concept, using treatment with both RE and DI, can reduce lipid peroxidation and maintain a greater water-holding capacity of ω-3 FA-fortified meat products upon storage. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Dermabrasion using CO2 dry ice.

BACKGROUND: The cosmetic dermatologic surgeon can improve facial scars by using a variety of techniques. Chemical peels, lasers, and dermabrasion are among the most common modalities used. In recent years, laser resurfacing has enjoyed great popularity; however, there is still a role for the time-honored and effective technique of dermabrasion. The recent withdrawal of Freon from the market has made dermabrasion more difficult. OBJECTIVE: To introduce a novel technique of using solid carbon dioxide (CO2) to freeze the skin before dermabrasion. METHOD: Twenty-five consecutive patients with facial acne scars underwent a combination of procedures including chemical peeling and CO2 laser resurfacing, followed by freeze-dermabrasion. Compressed CO2 was then used to make a solid ball of dry ice. The ice was used to freeze the skin prior to dermabrasion. After the application of the dry ice ball to the skin for about 4 seconds, the scares were dermabraded with the large mushroom wheel. As the tissue defrosted, the operator started at the outer edge of the freeze and planed into the center. This procedure was repeated until the desired improvement was achieved. RESULTS: With dry ice, a good skin turgor was achieved. This provided a good foundation for the sanding of the acne scars. The patients were pleased with the results and complications were minimal. CONCLUSION: "Home-made" dry ice works as well as Freon in providing skin turgor for dermabrasion. CO2 dry ice has the added benefits of being inexpensive and environmentally friendly.

Distribution of Thiol-specific Antioxidant Protein Immunoreactivity in the Mammalian Central Nervous Systern

Thiol-specific antioxidant protein (TSA) is the antioxidant protein which specifically inhibits the inactivation of various enzymes by a nonenzymatic mixedfunction oxidation (MFO) system containing a sulfhydryl compound as reducing equivalent but not by the MFO system containing a nonsulf hydryl reducing equivalent. TSA was isolated and purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and bovine brain. But localization in the brain and physiological role of TSA as an antioxidant enzyme a-re known very little. The localization of TSA protein in the rat brain and rabbit spinal cord was examined with polygonal antibodies to bovine TSA made in rabbit. Tissues were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, frozen in dry ice, sectioned on a sliding microtome, incubated with these antibodies, and then processed for avidin-biotin peroxidase complex staining. The irrimunoreactive (IR) cellular element for TSA in the central nervous system - ne-om The IR product for TSA was mainly located m neuronal soma and proximal part of neuronal process such as apical dendnte of pyranudal cell of the cerebral cortex. The glial cell, blood vessel and nucleus of neuron did not show the TSA IR TSA IR neurons were found at every nucleus and cortex mcluding cerebral cortex, hippocampus, corpus striatum, cerebellar cortex, thalamus, septum and spinal gray matter. In hypoxia rabbit spinal cord, there were dense and light IR neurons, and the former was considered to be miured by hypoxic msult These results indicate that TSA is ubiquitous protem in neurons of mammalian central nervous system and show uneven distribution among individual neurons in same nucleus and different nucleus. And TSA may be induced by increased oxidative pressure after ischemia.

Cryopreservation of human platelets using 6% dimethyl sulfoxide and storage at -80 degrees C. Effects of 2 years of frozen storage at -80 degrees C and transportation in dry ice.

Platelet studies were done in healthy male volunteers and in thrombocytopenic patients. Some of the platelets used in the study were isolated by mechanical apheresis using either the Haemonetics blood processor 30, the IBM blood processor 2997 or the Fenwal CS-3000 blood processor before freezing. Other platelets were isolated from individual units of whole blood and pooled before freezing. The platelets were frozen with a 6% cryoprotectant (DMSO) in a polyvinylchloride (PVC) plastic bag or a polyolefin plastic bag at -80 degrees C in a mechanical freezer and stored for as long as 3 years. Some of the frozen platelets were transported in dry ice in polystyrene foam containers to determine whether they would be adversely affected by such treatment. Platelet recovery after freezing, thawing and washing was about 75%. In the healthy male volunteers, in vivo recovery of autologous platelets 1-2 h after transfusion was about 33%, and the life span was about 8 days. In the thrombocytopenic patients, in vivo recovery values were 50% of those from fresh platelets. The transfusion of previously frozen washed platelets reduced clinical bleeding in the thrombocytopenic patients with bleeding. There was no evidence of quality deterioration in platelets after storage at -80 degrees C for at least 2 years, as determined from in vivo recovery and in vivo survival values, nor was there any adverse effect as a result of shipment of the frozen platelets in dry ice in polystyrene foam containers from one facility to another.

Repair of injury induced by freezing Escherichia coli as influenced by recovery medium.

Freezing an aqueous suspension of Escherichia coli NCSM at -78 C for 10 min, followed by thawing in water at 8 C for 30 min, resulted in the death of approximately 50% of the cells, as determined by their inability to form colonies on Trypticase soy agar containing 0.3% yeast extract (TSYA). Among the survivors, more than 90% of the cells were injured, as they failed to form colonies on TSYA containing 0.1% deoxycholate. Microscope counts and optical density determinations at 600 nm suggested that death from freezing was not due to lysis of the cells. Death and the injury were accompanied by the loss of 260- and 280-nm absorbing materials from the intracellular pool. Injury was reversible as the injured cells repaired in many suitable media. The rate of repair was rapid and maximum in a complex nutrient medium such as Trypticase soy broth supplemented with yeast extract. However, inorganic phosphate, with or without MgSO(4), was able to facilitate repair. Repair in phosphate was dependent on the pH, the temperature, and the concentration of phosphate.