[Progress in the treatment of intra-abdominal anaerobic infection].

Most abdominal infections are mixed infections caused by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobic infections are characterized by rancid secretions or abscess formation. Early implementation of source control is the key in the treatment of abdominal anaerobic infections. Damage control should be followed as one of the principles of surgical treatment. As the in vitro isolation and culture of anaerobic bacteria as well as its drug sensitivity test are time-consuming and sometimes inaccurate, the treatment of anaerobic bacteria infection is mostly empirical. Anti-infective therapy should be employed once anaerobic bacteria infection is confirmed. Ertapenem, Mosifloxacin, and Cefoperazone-sulbactam can be used for first-line monotherapy, while combination therapy can use second- or third-generation Cephalosporin, Quinolones plus Nitroimidazoles. Nutritional support and anti-shock treatment should not be neglected when implementing surgical control of infection source and antimicrobial therapy. Considering the increasing drug resistance of anaerobic bacteria, and the higher drug resistance rate in China as compared to western countries, the choice of antibiotics should be made rationally and based on epidemiological characteristics of anaerobic bacteria in different regions.

Does Intraoperative Systematic Bacterial Sampling During Complete Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS) with Hyperthermic Intraoperative Peritoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) Influence Postoperative Treatment? A New Predictive Factor for Postoperative Abdominal Infectious Complications.

BACKGROUND: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is an emerging curative treatment option for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. It has a long-term survival benefit but is associated with high rates of morbidity, ranging from 12 % to 65 %, mainly due to infectious complications. We sought to evaluate the clinical relevance of routine intraoperative bacteriological sampling following CRS/HIPEC. STUDY DESIGN: Between November 2010 and December 2014, every patients receiving CRS/HIPEC were included. Three samples were routinely collected from standardized locations for intraperitoneal rinsing liquid bacteriological analysis (RLBA) after completion of HIPEC. The clinical and surgical features, bacteriological results, and short-term outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The overall mortality and morbidity rates were 5 and 45 %, respectively. Among the 75 included patients, 40 % (n = 30) had at least one positive bacterial culture. Risk factors for a positive culture were colorectal resection (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 3.072, 95 % CI 1.843-8.004; p = 0.009) and blood loss >1000 mL (HR = 4.272, 95 % CI 1.080-18.141; p = 0.031). Among 26 (35 %) patients with abdominal infectious complications, 13 (17 %) experienced isolated complications. A positive RLBA result was independently associated with abdominal infectious complications (HR = 5.108, 95 % CI 1.220-16.336; p = 0.024) and isolated abdominal infectious complications (HR = 4.199, 95 % CI 1.064-15.961; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Forty percent of the RLBA samples obtained following CRS/HIPEC tested positive for bacteria. Bacterial sampling of rinsing liquid should be systematically performed. An aggressive and immediate antibiotic strategy needs to be evaluated.

Perioperative antibiotics covering bile contamination prevent abdominal infectious complications after pancreatoduodenectomy in patients with preoperative biliary drainage.

BACKGROUND: Although bile contamination caused by preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) is a risk factor for infectious complications after pancreatoduodenectomy, the appropriate perioperative antibiotic regimen remains unclear. We evaluated a perioperative antibiotic strategy targeting bile contamination associated with PBD procedures for preventing abdominal infectious complications after pancreatoduodenectomy. METHODS: Consecutive patients (n = 254) underwent pancreatoduodenectomy at a single center. Perioperative antibiotics were mainly cefazolin in non-PBD cases (n = 116) and cefozopran in internal-PBD cases (n = 87). They were based on preoperative bile cultures in 51 of the external-PBD cases. Intraoperative bile cultures were examined prospectively. Morbidity and abdominal infectious complication rates were evaluated. RESULTS: The incidence of positive intraoperative bile cultures was significantly higher in the internal-PBD (85 %) and external-PBD (90 %) cases than in the non-PBD cases (26 %) (p < 0.001). The 91 % susceptibility to cefazolin for non-PBD was significantly higher than the 61 % for internal-PBD or 45 % for external-PBD (p < 0.001). Overall morbidity rates (23, 23, and 25 %) and abdominal infectious complications (13, 17, and 14 %) did not differ among the non-PBD, internal-PBD, and external-PBD cases, respectively. Only susceptibility to perioperative antibiotics of biliary microorganisms classified as resistant was a significant independent risk factor for abdominal infectious complications (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: A perioperative antibiotic strategy particular to PBD procedures is valid for covering biliary microorganisms during pancreatoduodenectomy. Perioperative antibiotics covering bile contamination may prevent abdominal infectious complications after pancreatoduodenectomy in patients with and without PBD.

[Application of combined antibacterial preparations in the treatment of surgical intra-abdominal infections].

Experience of application of combined preparation Ciprolet A (ciprofloxacine 500 mg, tinidazol 600 mg) in 27 patients after performed reconstructive operations for surgical diseases of abdominal organs as well as in 50 patients in destructive forms of an acute cholecystitis was summarized. Possibility of the preparation application in ambulatory conditions constitutes its advantage.