RESUMEN
Genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, a gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium, is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection globally. Ascension of chlamydial infection to the female upper genital tract can cause acute pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal factor infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. Shortcomings of current chlamydia control strategies, especially for low- and middle-income countries, highlight the need for an effective vaccine. Evidence from animal models, human epidemiological studies, and early trachoma vaccine trials suggest that a C. trachomatis vaccine is feasible. Vaccine development for genital chlamydial infection has been in the preclinical phase of testing for many years, but the first Phase I trials of chlamydial vaccine candidates are underway, and scientific advances hold promise for additional candidates to enter clinical evaluation in the coming years. We describe the clinical and public health need for a C. trachomatis vaccine, provide an overview of Chlamydia vaccine development efforts, and summarize current vaccine candidates in the development pipeline.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas Bacterianas/inmunología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/inmunología , Chlamydia trachomatis/inmunología , Animales , Infecciones por Chlamydia/microbiología , Ensayos Clínicos Fase I como Asunto , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Infecciones del Sistema Genital/inmunología , Infecciones del Sistema Genital/microbiologíaRESUMEN
The use of systemic enzyme therapy in combination with antibiotics in the treatment of urogenital chlamydia infection in patients of both sexes proved to improve the therapeutic efficacy and to reduce the risk of the side effects.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Azitromicina/administración & dosificación , Bromelaínas/administración & dosificación , Infecciones por Chlamydia/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Chlamydia/inmunología , Rutina/análogos & derivados , Tripsina/administración & dosificación , Adolescente , Adulto , Antibacterianos/efectos adversos , Azitromicina/efectos adversos , Bromelaínas/efectos adversos , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Rutina/administración & dosificación , Rutina/efectos adversos , Tripsina/efectos adversosRESUMEN
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of combined treatment with low-intensity laser radiation and magnetic field on neutrophil function in women presenting with Chlamydial infection. Dysfunction of neutrophil granulocytes in these patients was manifest in the first place as the decreased number of phagocytes and the low rate of phagocytosis. It was shown that the concentration of active oxygen species in neutrophils in the patients with Chlamydial infection was significantly smaller than in healthy women. The concurrent application of low-intensity laser radiation and a magnetic field not only stimulated phagocytosis but also increased intracellular production of active oxygen species especially under in vitro conditions. It is concluded that combined treatment with low-intensity laser radiation and magnetic field has beneficial effect on the parameters of mucosal immunity in the reproductive tract of women with Chlamydial infection.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Chlamydia/inmunología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/terapia , Genitales Femeninos/inmunología , Inmunidad Mucosa/efectos de la radiación , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad/métodos , Magnetoterapia/métodos , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunidad Mucosa/inmunología , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Fagocitosis/efectos de la radiación , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Psoriasis or psoriasiform skin lesions, as an adverse effect of treatment with antitumor necrosis factor antibody therapy, have been described relatively recently. Patients with these lesions have no personal or family history of psoriasis. In a small number of cases, an association with Chlamydia has been suggested. The skin lesions may disappear on discontinuation of therapy or, in the majority of cases, even if antitumor necrosis factor antibody therapy is continued. Therefore, withdrawal of therapy is generally not required for this adverse effect but referral to a dermatologist may be desirable for confirmation of diagnosis and treatment.
Asunto(s)
Psoriasis/inducido químicamente , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antiinflamatorios/efectos adversos , Antiinflamatorios/inmunología , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/efectos adversos , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/inmunología , Terapia Biológica , Infecciones por Chlamydia/inmunología , Enfermedad de Crohn/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Infliximab , Psoriasis/inmunología , Psoriasis/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Biological characteristics of C. trachomatis author's strain MT-2A (serovar D) is presented. Stages of development on its basis the experimental formalin-inactivated vaccine against Chlamydia were described. Humoral and cellular immune response to the vaccine administered on 3-dose immunization schedule in conjunction with polyoxidonium as adjuvant was studied. Significant immunological efficacy of the vaccine was shown. T- and B-cell immune responses were characterized. Titer of IgG antibodies against Chlamydia in blood serum after 3rd dose of the vaccine was 10,880+/-1,817.76. Assessment of T-cell response showed that reaction of delayed hypersensitivity with formation of granuloma presented in 60% of animals. Proportion of immunoblasts in reaction of blast-transformation was 29.3+/-2.8%. Perspectives of further studies of the developed corpuscular vaccine against Chlamydia are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas Bacterianas/inmunología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/inmunología , Chlamydia trachomatis/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos , Antígenos Bacterianos , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/inmunología , Vacunas Bacterianas/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Bacterianas/efectos adversos , Células Cultivadas , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Granuloma/etiología , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/etiología , Esquemas de Inmunización , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Activación de Linfocitos , Ratones , Conejos , Bazo/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados/administración & dosificación , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados/efectos adversos , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive gene expression analysis of cytokines, chemokines, and their receptors in Chlamydia trachomatis-infected human monocytes in order to elucidate molecular aspects of their involvement in the host response. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from three healthy donors were separated and infected with C. trachomatis elementary bodies serovar K (UW/31/Cx) at a multiplicity of infection of 5:1. Three time points of infection were studied by gene expression analysis using microarray: 4 hours (active infection), 1 day (transition), and 7 days (persistent infection). Expression levels of selected genes were confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Transcripts encoding 10 cytokines, chemokines, and receptors were found to be upregulated exclusively in the early, active phase of the infection as compared to four genes in the late, persistent state of the infection. Apart from receptors, both the level and the number of transcripts encoding inflammatory products decreased with ongoing infection. Four genes (interferon-gamma, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1-alpha, MIP-1-beta, and interleukin-2 receptor-gamma) were constantly expressed over a period of 7 days. The current study provides data on the induction of mRNA encoding cytokines, chemokines, and their receptors in C. trachomatis-infected human monocytes. This pro-inflammatory gene expression profile of the monocytic host cell showed several differences between active and persistent chlamydial infections.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Chlamydia/genética , Infecciones por Chlamydia/inmunología , Inflamación/genética , Monocitos/inmunología , Monocitos/microbiología , Artritis/inmunología , Artritis/microbiología , Chlamydia trachomatis/inmunología , Enfermedad Crónica , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Citocinas/genética , Expresión Génica , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , ARN Mensajero/análisis , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa InversaRESUMEN
Assessment of immunological and microbiological efficacy of Chlamydia cervicitis management was made by a complex method with a low intensity laser. The total number of leukocytes, percentage of viable cells and the number of neutrophils were detected in cervical secrets. Functional status of neutrophils was studied by a content of lysosomes on the ground of spontaneous and induced by latex HCT-reducing capacity, phagocytic activity. A system of cytokines was studied by interleukine level (IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-8) and IFN-gamma content in cervical mucus. Positive clinical effect of the local use of the low intensity laser for Chlamydia cervicitis treatment was accompanied by positive changes in immunological indices of cervical secret, normal concentration of cytokines in cervical secret, restoration of the number and functions of neutrophils. Local use of the low intensity laser contributed to decreased number of opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms and their associations, and restored local flora.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Chlamydia/radioterapia , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad , Cervicitis Uterina/radioterapia , Acridinas/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Azitromicina/uso terapéutico , Recuento de Células , Moco del Cuello Uterino/inmunología , Moco del Cuello Uterino/microbiología , Cuello del Útero/inmunología , Cuello del Útero/metabolismo , Cuello del Útero/microbiología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Chlamydia/inmunología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/microbiología , Chlamydia trachomatis/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Humanos , Inductores de Interferón/uso terapéutico , Interferón gamma/biosíntesis , Interleucinas/biosíntesis , Recuento de Leucocitos , Leucocitos/inmunología , Lisosomas/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/enzimología , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Fagocitosis , Resultado del Tratamiento , Cervicitis Uterina/inmunología , Cervicitis Uterina/microbiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Arthritis is an important and sometimes life-threatening complication in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient with CVID and arthritis due to Chlamydia pneumoniae, which is usually regarded as a respiratory tract pathogen and has not previously been detected in the synovial fluid by cell culture technique. METHODS: Routine bacteriologic, virologic, mycologic, and tuberculosis cultures were performed. The patient's synovial fluid was examined for fastidious organisms that might be causative pathogens of arthritis, such as chlamydiae, and special cell culture methods were used. Serologic tests were performed to determine viral and bacteriologic etiology. RESULTS: The patient had a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections, and the latest exacerbation was followed by arthritis. Cytologic examination of the fluid yielded abundant lymphocytes. Chlamydia pneumoniae was detected in synovial fluid specimens by cell culture technique. Her nasopharyngeal swab and sputum culture specimens were also positive for this pathogen. She was diagnosed as having arthritis caused by C pneumoniae and was given antibiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Chlamydia pneumoniae should be kept in mind as a causative pathogen in patients with CVID and arthritis, especially when effusion fluid is full of lymphocytes rather than polymorphonuclear cells and no organism is grown on routine cultures.
Asunto(s)
Artritis/inmunología , Artritis/microbiología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/inmunología , Chlamydophila pneumoniae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Inmunodeficiencia Variable Común/microbiología , Adulto , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Artritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Artritis/patología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Chlamydia/microbiología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/patología , Inmunodeficiencia Variable Común/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Rodilla/microbiología , Rodilla/patología , Líquido Sinovial/microbiologíaRESUMEN
We previously identified a protein that was stimulatory for malignant Sézary T cells, termed Sézary T-cell activating factor (SAF). However, the identity of this protein has not been fully elucidated, nor has it's role been determined in the pathogenesis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). The basis for epidermotropism and proliferation of malignant cells in the skin of patients with CTCL is unknown. Using a monoclonal antibody inhibitory for SAF activity, we demonstrated that SAF is present in the skin of 16 of 27 samples from patients with mycosis fungoides, the predominant form of CTCL. In this report, the SAF determinant is demonstrated to be associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae bacteria by immunohistochemistry, immunoelectron microscopy, and culture analysis. Reactivity of antibodies against an outer membrane protein of C. pneumoniae or against the lipopolysaccharide of Chlamydiae spp. demonstrated that these determinants are coexpressed in 90% of the SAF-positive samples. We confirmed the presence of C. pneumoniae DNA and RNA in the skin by PCR and reverse transcription-PCR and by sequence analysis of the PCR products. The expression of the C. pneumoniae antigens and SAF appears to be associated with active disease in that C. pneumoniae antigens were absent or greatly diminished in the skin of three patients examined after Psoralen and long-wave UVA radiation treatment. Our results suggest that SAF is a Chlamydia-associated protein and that further investigation is warranted to determine whether SAF and C. pneumoniae play a role in the pathogenesis of CTCL.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/inmunología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/inmunología , Chlamydophila pneumoniae/inmunología , Receptores de Interferón/inmunología , Síndrome de Sézary/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/farmacología , Antígenos Bacterianos/genética , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Antígenos Bacterianos/farmacología , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/farmacología , Biopsia , Células Cultivadas , Chlamydophila pneumoniae/genética , Chlamydophila pneumoniae/ultraestructura , Epidermis/inmunología , Epidermis/microbiología , Epidermis/patología , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica/inmunología , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Queratinocitos/citología , Lipopolisacáridos/inmunología , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Linfoma Cutáneo de Células T/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfoma Cutáneo de Células T/inmunología , Linfoma Cutáneo de Células T/microbiología , Microscopía Inmunoelectrónica , Monocitos/inmunología , Monocitos/microbiología , Terapia PUVA , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/inmunología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/microbiología , Transcripción Genética/inmunologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We evaluated the potential utility of DNA immunization with the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) gene of Chlamydia trachomatis mouse pneumonitis (MoPn) strain for induction of protective immunity to chlamydial infection in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Groups of Balb/c mice were immunized with naked DNA intramuscularly or intranasally or with MOMP DNA-transfected Salmonella typhimurium delivery orally. Mice were challenged with MoPn through the pulmonary route to assay for protective immunity. All 3 routes of DNA immunization elicited protective immunity. Mucosal delivery appeared more efficacious than intramuscular delivery. CONCLUSIONS: DNA immunization with the chlamydia MOMP gene may be suitable for vaccine development.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Chlamydia/inmunología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/prevención & control , Chlamydia trachomatis/inmunología , Porinas , Transgenes/inmunología , Vacunas de ADN/uso terapéutico , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/inmunología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/sangre , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Vías de Administración de Medicamentos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Inmunidad Mucosa/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Plásmidos/uso terapéutico , Salmonella typhimurium/genética , Salmonella typhimurium/inmunología , Transgenes/genética , Vacunas de ADN/administración & dosificación , Vacunas de ADN/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Chemiluminescence (CL) was used to investigate the competence of turkey monocytes to mount a respiratory burst response upon interaction with Chlamydia psittaci. The oxidative activity of purified turkey monocytes, following inoculation with the avian C. psittaci serovar D strain 92/1293, was studied using luminol- and lucigenin-enhanced CL. Purified turkey monocytes were inoculated with C. psittaci at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of approximately 100, 10 and 1. In the presence of luminol, no detectable CL or only a weak CL response was obtained, and if present it increased with increasing MOI. Either sham inoculated monocytes, or monocyte-free control assays supplemented with C. psittaci, gave no detectable luminol-enhanced CL responses. In the lucigenin-enhanced assays, monocytes inoculated with C. psittaci demonstrated an immediate CL peak, the height of which was proportional to the MOI used. Following inoculations at a MOI 1, a faint second peak was observed, when applying high concentrations of lucigenin. Sham inoculated monocytes gave no detectable lucigenin-enhanced CL responses. However, in the presence of lucigenin, the addition of C psittaci to monocyte-free controls also resulted in an immediate CL peak, though no second peak was detected. This immediate lucigenin-dependent CL peak induced by C. psittaci was similar to the one observed in the presence of monocytes, and was not inhibited by superoxide dismutase. We demonstrated that this avian C. psittaci strain induces only a very weak respiratory burst response in turkey monocytes. In contrast, C. psittaci itself elicited an intense non-superoxide mediated lucigenin-dependent CL, indicating that in chlamydial research the detection of superoxide, using lucigenin, should be confirmed with a specific superoxide inhibitor.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Chlamydia/veterinaria , Chlamydophila psittaci/inmunología , Monocitos/inmunología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/inmunología , Pavos , Acridinas/química , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Infecciones por Chlamydia/inmunología , Haplorrinos , Indicadores y Reactivos/química , Mediciones Luminiscentes , Luminol/química , Monocitos/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/microbiología , Estallido Respiratorio/inmunología , Organismos Libres de Patógenos Específicos , Superóxido Dismutasa/químicaAsunto(s)
Infecciones por Chlamydia/diagnóstico , Chlamydia trachomatis , Chlamydophila pneumoniae , Azitromicina/administración & dosificación , Infecciones por Chlamydia/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Chlamydia/inmunología , Chlamydia trachomatis/efectos de los fármacos , Chlamydia trachomatis/inmunología , Chlamydophila pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Chlamydophila pneumoniae/inmunología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Doxiciclina/administración & dosificación , Esquema de Medicación , Eritromicina/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina A/sangre , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether reactive arthritis (ReA) known to occur after a urogenital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis can also follow an infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae, a recently described species of Chlamydiae that is a common cause of respiratory tract infections. METHODS: Specific antibodies (microimmunofluorescence test) and lymphocyte proliferation to C trachomatis and C pneumoniae in paired samples of peripheral blood and synovial fluid were investigated in 70 patients with either reactive arthritis (ReA) or undifferentiated oligoarthritis (UOA). RESULTS: Five patients with acute ReA after an infection with C pneumoniae are reported. Three had a symptomatic preceding upper respiratory tract infection and two had no such symptoms. In all patients a C pneumoniae-specific lymphocyte proliferation in synovial fluid and a high specific antibody titre suggesting an acute infection was found. CONCLUSION: C pneumoniae needs to be considered a new important cause of reactive arthritis.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Reactiva/microbiología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/complicaciones , Chlamydophila pneumoniae , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/complicaciones , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Formación de Anticuerpos , Artritis/microbiología , División Celular/fisiología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/inmunología , Chlamydophila pneumoniae/inmunología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunidad Celular , Linfocitos/citología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prohibitinas , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The adjuvant injection of wide-spectrum immunocorrector leukinferon to 45 males with gonorrheal-chlamydial urogenital infection receiving tarivid and doxicicline made the treatment shorter and the number of inflammatory complications and recurrences less numerous. Leukocyte and lymphocyte counts returned to normal values 6 days earlier and so did immunological indices. In control subjects (20 patients) on immunocorrection with tactivin inflammation persisted longer, urogenital complications were not cured, chlamydial recurrences occurred in 10% of the patients, immunological normalization was not reached.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Chlamydia/tratamiento farmacológico , Citocinas/uso terapéutico , Gonorrea/tratamiento farmacológico , Interferón Tipo I/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Urogenitales Masculinas/tratamiento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Infecciones por Chlamydia/complicaciones , Infecciones por Chlamydia/inmunología , Doxiciclina/uso terapéutico , Combinación de Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada/uso terapéutico , Gonorrea/complicaciones , Gonorrea/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunidad Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Enfermedades Urogenitales Masculinas/complicaciones , Enfermedades Urogenitales Masculinas/inmunología , Ofloxacino/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
We studied the cellular and humoral immune response to Chlamydia trachomatis, Yersinia enterocolitica and Borrelia burgdorferi in paired samples of peripheral blood and synovial fluid (SF) in undifferentiated oligoarthritis, reactive arthritis (ReA) and rheumatoid arthritis. Antigen specific lymphocyte proliferation was found in SF of 43% of patients with ReA and 34% of patients with undifferentiated oligoarthritis. C. trachomatis was the most frequent single agent. HLA-B27 was positive in 83% of patients with ReA and in 62% of patients with undifferentiated oligoarthritis with antigen specific lymphocyte proliferation. Antigen specific lymphocyte proliferation correlated poorly with the specific antibody response. Only chlamydial antigen was detected in SF cells using monoclonal antibodies. We conclude that some patients with undifferentiated oligoarthritis may have a forme fruste of ReA. This finding is important in view of recent evidence supporting the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in ReA.
Asunto(s)
Artritis/microbiología , Grupo Borrelia Burgdorferi/fisiología , Chlamydia trachomatis/fisiología , Yersinia enterocolitica/fisiología , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/inmunología , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/análisis , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/inmunología , Formación de Anticuerpos , Antígenos Bacterianos/análisis , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Artritis/inmunología , Artritis Reactiva/inmunología , Artritis Reactiva/microbiología , Artritis Reumatoide/inmunología , Artritis Reumatoide/microbiología , Infecciones por Borrelia/inmunología , Grupo Borrelia Burgdorferi/inmunología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/inmunología , Chlamydia trachomatis/inmunología , Femenino , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Antígeno HLA-B27/análisis , Humanos , Linfocitos/inmunología , Linfocitos/fisiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prohibitinas , Líquido Sinovial/citología , Líquido Sinovial/inmunología , Yersiniosis/inmunología , Yersinia enterocolitica/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Colostrum from 10 of 30 randomly chosen women contained IgA antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis as shown by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a single-antigen immunofluorescence test. Specific colostral IgA was present only in seropositive women. In addition, Chlamydial-specific IgA was also detected in milk from 5 of 6 women who were shown to harbour C. trachomatis in the lower genital tract during delivery. There was a close correlation between chlamydial-specific IgA and the chlamydial secretory immunoglobulin titres in colostrum and milk samples but not between chlamydial IgA titres and the total secretory IgA content. No agreement was observed between the specific IgA antibodies in milk and corresponding serum samples. It is suggested that chlamydial-specific IgA in milk is induced by genital infections.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/biosíntesis , Infecciones por Chlamydia/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina A Secretora/biosíntesis , Inmunoglobulina A/biosíntesis , Leche Humana/inmunología , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Chlamydia trachomatis/inmunología , Calostro/análisis , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Leche Humana/análisisRESUMEN
Vitamin E supplementation (dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate except where noted) in excess of requirement significantly increased humoral immune response or disease resistance. Mice immunized with sheep red blood cells or tetanus toxoid and fed the supplemental vitamin demonstrated increased plaque-forming cells (PFC) and hemagglutinin (HA) titers. A vitamin E deficiency resulted in decreased PFC and little IgG which was partially corrected by N,N-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine but not as effectively as by vitamin E. Hens immunized with Brucella abortus and fed different levels of the vitamin produced chicks with increased passive immunity; a biphasic antibody response to the level of the vitamin fed was noted. Vitamin E fed to nonimmunized hens was found to significantly increase the primary immune response of their immunized chicks. Feeding dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate to guinea pigs immunized with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus resulted in no increased immunity. Injecting this form of the vitamin resulted in severe tissue reaction. However, injecting dl-alpha-tocopheryl significantly improved hemagglutinin inhibition titers. Chicks and turkeys infected with Escherichia coli and fed supplemental vitamin E had reduced mortality and increased HA titers. Sheep fed vitamin E and challenged with Chlamydia had improved weight gains and no detectable Chlamydia.