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1.
Front Immunol ; 12: 717808, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34394125

RESUMEN

Its semi-allogeneic nature renders the conceptus vulnerable to attack by the maternal immune system. Several protective mechanisms operate during gestation to correct the harmful effects of anti-fetal immunity and to support a healthy pregnancy outcome. Pregnancy is characterized by gross alterations in endocrine functions. Progesterone is indispensable for pregnancy and humans, and it affects immune functions both directly and via mediators. The progesterone-induced mediator - PIBF - acts in favor of Th2-type immunity, by increasing Th2 type cytokines production. Except for implantation and parturition, pregnancy is characterized by a Th2-dominant cytokine pattern. Progesterone and the orally-administered progestogen dydrogesterone upregulate the production of Th2-type cytokines and suppress the production of Th1 and Th17 cytokine production in vitro. This is particularly relevant to the fact that the Th1-type cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ and the Th17 cytokine IL-17 have embryotoxic and anti-trophoblast activities. These cytokine-modulating effects and the PIBF-inducing capabilities of dydrogesterone may contribute to the demonstrated beneficial effects of dydrogesterone in recurrent spontaneous miscarriage and threatened miscarriage. IL-17 and IL-22 produced by T helper cells are involved in allograft rejection, and therefore could account for the rejection of paternal HLA-C-expressing trophoblast. Th17 cells (producing IL-17 and IL-22) and Th22 cells (producing IL-22) exhibit plasticity and could produce IL-22 and IL-17 in association with Th2-type cytokines or with Th1-type cytokines. IL-17 and IL-22 producing Th cells are not harmful for the conceptus, if they also produce IL-4. Another important protective mechanism is connected with the expansion and action of regulatory T cells, which play a major role in the induction of tolerance both in pregnant women and in tumour-bearing patients. Clonally-expanded Treg cells increase at the feto-maternal interface and in tumour-infiltrating regions. While in cancer patients, clonally-expanded Treg cells are present in peripheral blood, they are scarce in pregnancy blood, suggesting that fetal antigen-specific tolerance is restricted to the foeto-maternal interface. The significance of Treg cells in maintaining a normal materno-foetal interaction is underlined by the fact that miscarriage is characterized by a decreased number of total effector Treg cells, and the number of clonally-expanded effector Treg cells is markedly reduced in preeclampsia. In this review we present an overview of the above mechanisms, attempt to show how they are connected, how they operate during normal gestation and how their failure might lead to pregnancy pathologies.


Asunto(s)
Citocinas/metabolismo , Hormonas/metabolismo , Reproducción/fisiología , Animales , Citocinas/genética , Suplementos Dietéticos , Didrogesterona/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Hormonas/genética , Humanos , Inmunomodulación , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/inmunología , Embarazo , Progesterona/genética , Progesterona/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/metabolismo
2.
Front Immunol ; 11: 1053, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32612602

RESUMEN

Purpose: Previous studies have shown that parental abnormal physiological conditions such as inflammation, stress, and obesity can be transferred to offspring. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of parental uveitis on the development and susceptibility to experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in offspring. Methods: Parental male and female B10RIII mice were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) 161-180 in complete Freund's adjuvant and were immediately allowed to mate. Gross examination of the offspring gestated with EAU was performed to determine the influence of parental uveitis on offspring development after birth. Gene expression profiles were analyzed in the affected eyes of offspring under EAU to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Adult offspring were given 5, 25, and 50 µg IRBP161-180 to compare their susceptibility to EAU. Immunized mice were clinically and pathologically evaluated for the development of EAU. Ag-specific T-cell proliferation and IL-17 production from spleens and lymph nodes were evaluated on day 14 or 35 after immunization. Results: Hair loss, delay of eye opening, and swollen spleens in the offspring from parents with uveitis were observed from day 14 to 39 after birth. DEGs were involved in the immune system process, muscle system process, and cell development. The altered antigen processing and presentation, cell adhesion molecules, and phagosome in the eyes of the offspring from uveitis-affected parents were enriched. Offspring gestated with EAU showed a susceptibility to EAU and an earlier onset and higher severity of EAU compared to the control group mice. IRBP-specific lymphocyte proliferation and IL-17 production were observed in the EAU offspring with exposure to parental uveitis. Conclusions: The results suggest that mouse parents with uveitis can increase their offspring's susceptibility to EAU, probably through altering cell adhesion molecules and antigen processing and presentation related to the T-cell proliferation and Th17 response.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Autoinmunes/etiología , Uveítis/etiología , Animales , Autoantígenos/inmunología , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/genética , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Proliferación Celular , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Proteínas del Ojo/inmunología , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Inmunización , Masculino , Herencia Materna/genética , Herencia Materna/inmunología , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/genética , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/inmunología , Ratones , Herencia Paterna/genética , Herencia Paterna/inmunología , Fragmentos de Péptidos/inmunología , Embarazo , Proteínas de Unión al Retinol/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T/patología , Células Th17/inmunología , Uveítis/genética , Uveítis/inmunología
3.
Amino Acids ; 52(4): 587-596, 2020 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32170468

RESUMEN

Dietary L-proline (proline) supplementation during gestation enhances fetal survival and placental development in mice. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that this beneficial effect of proline was associated with alterations in inflammatory response at the placenta and fetus interface. Populations of immune cells present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were determined by flow cytometry analysis. The concentrations of immunoglobulins in plasma, and the concentrations of cytokines in plasma, uterus, placenta, and amniotic fluid were measured using a bead-based immunoassay. The data showed that proline supplementation led to higher (P < 0.05) populations of B lymphocytes (CD3-CD19+), natural killer (NK) cells (CD3-NK1.1+), and dendritic cells (DCs, CD11c+MHCII+) in peripheral blood, as compared with the controls. Conversely, mice fed a proline-supplemented diet had a lower population of neutrophils (CD11b+F4/80-). Further study showed that proline supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of (1) interleukin (IL)-23, IL-1α, and IL-6 in plasma; (2) IL-6 in the uterus; and (3) tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and IL-17 in the placenta; and (4) interferon (IFN)-γ in amniotic fluid, compared with controls. Conversely, proline supplementation resulted in higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of (1) IL-10, IL-17 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in plasma; (2) IL-10 and IL-1α in the uterus; and (3) IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-10, IL-27, and IFN-ß in amniotic fluid, compared with controls. Moreover, concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig) G2b and IgM were enhanced (P < 0.05) by proline administration. Taken together, our results reveal a regulatory effect of proline in the immunological response at the maternal-fetal interface, which is critical for embryonic development and fetal survival.


Asunto(s)
Citocinas/metabolismo , Suplementos Dietéticos , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/inmunología , Placenta/inmunología , Prolina/fisiología , Líquido Amniótico/metabolismo , Animales , Citocinas/sangre , Desarrollo Embrionario , Femenino , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Embarazo , Prolina/administración & dosificación , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Útero/metabolismo
4.
Nat Commun ; 10(1): 3031, 2019 07 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31292453

RESUMEN

Maternal immune dysregulation seems to affect fetal or postnatal immune development. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-associated disorder with an immune basis and is linked to atopic disorders in offspring. Here we show reduction of fetal thymic size, altered thymic architecture and reduced fetal thymic regulatory T (Treg) cell output in preeclamptic pregnancies, which persists up to 4 years of age in human offspring. In germ-free mice, fetal thymic CD4+ T cell and Treg cell development are compromised, but rescued by maternal supplementation with the intestinal bacterial metabolite short chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate, which induces upregulation of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE), known to contribute to Treg cell generation. In our human cohorts, low maternal serum acetate is associated with subsequent preeclampsia, and correlates with serum acetate in the fetus. These findings suggest a potential role of acetate in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and immune development in offspring.


Asunto(s)
Acetatos/sangre , Feto/inmunología , Preeclampsia/inmunología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Acetatos/administración & dosificación , Acetatos/inmunología , Acetatos/metabolismo , Adulto , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Desarrollo Infantil , Preescolar , Suplementos Dietéticos , Femenino , Feto/citología , Feto/diagnóstico por imagen , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/inmunología , Vida Libre de Gérmenes/inmunología , Humanos , Tolerancia Inmunológica/inmunología , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Estudios Longitudinales , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/inmunología , Ratones , Tamaño de los Órganos/inmunología , Preeclampsia/sangre , Preeclampsia/diagnóstico , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/patología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/prevención & control , Estudios Prospectivos , Timo/citología , Timo/diagnóstico por imagen , Timo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Timo/inmunología , Factores de Transcripción/inmunología , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Ultrasonografía Prenatal , Adulto Joven , Proteína AIRE
6.
J Endocrinol ; 224(3): R107-21, 2015 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25663707

RESUMEN

During pregnancy, immune activity is tightly regulated so that antimicrobial protection of the mother and fetus is balanced with the need for immune tolerance to prevent fetal rejection. In this setting, the maternal-fetal interface, in the form of the uterine decidua, provides a heterogeneous immune cell population with the potential to mediate diverse activities throughout pregnancy. Recent studies have suggested that vitamin D may be a key regulator of immune function during pregnancy, with the fetal-maternal interface representing a prominent target. Among its non-classical actions are potent immunomodulatory effects, including induction of antibacterial responses and modulation of T-lymphocytes to suppress inflammation and promote tolerogenesis. Thus, vitamin D may play a pivotal role in normal decidual immune function by promoting innate responses to infection, while simultaneously preventing an over-elaboration of inflammatory adaptive immunity. Research to date has focused upon the potential role of vitamin D in preventing infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, as well as possibly suppressing of autoimmune disease. Nevertheless, vitamin D may also influence facets of immune function not immediately associated with primary innate responses. This review summarises our current understanding of decidual immune function with respect to the vitamin D metabolism and signalling, and as to how this may be affected by variations in maternal vitamin D status. There has recently been much interest in vitamin D supplementation of pregnant women, but our knowledge of how this may influence the function of decidua remains limited. Further insight into the immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D during pregnancy will help shed light upon this.


Asunto(s)
Intercambio Materno-Fetal/inmunología , Embarazo/inmunología , Vitamina D/fisiología , Animales , Decidua/inmunología , Femenino , Humanos , Sistema Inmunológico/fisiología , Macrófagos/inmunología , Placenta/inmunología , Útero/citología , Útero/inmunología
7.
FASEB J ; 28(6): 2398-413, 2014 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24558199

RESUMEN

Serotonin and vitamin D have been proposed to play a role in autism; however, no causal mechanism has been established. Here, we present evidence that vitamin D hormone (calcitriol) activates the transcription of the serotonin-synthesizing gene tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) in the brain at a vitamin D response element (VDRE) and represses the transcription of TPH1 in tissues outside the blood-brain barrier at a distinct VDRE. The proposed mechanism explains 4 major characteristics associated with autism: the low concentrations of serotonin in the brain and its elevated concentrations in tissues outside the blood-brain barrier; the low concentrations of the vitamin D hormone precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3]; the high male prevalence of autism; and the presence of maternal antibodies against fetal brain tissue. Two peptide hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin, are also associated with autism and genes encoding the oxytocin-neurophysin I preproprotein, the oxytocin receptor, and the arginine vasopressin receptor contain VDREs for activation. Supplementation with vitamin D and tryptophan is a practical and affordable solution to help prevent autism and possibly ameliorate some symptoms of the disorder.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno Autístico/etiología , Serotonina/biosíntesis , Animales , Trastorno Autístico/sangre , Trastorno Autístico/dietoterapia , Trastorno Autístico/epidemiología , Autoinmunidad , Población Negra , Barrera Hematoencefálica , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/embriología , Encéfalo/inmunología , Química Encefálica , Calcitriol , Anomalías del Sistema Digestivo/complicaciones , Enfermedades en Gemelos , Estrógenos/fisiología , Femenino , Feto/inmunología , Humanos , Incidencia , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/inmunología , Modelos Biológicos , Madres , Oxitocina/sangre , Oxitocina/uso terapéutico , Embarazo , Receptores de Calcitriol/metabolismo , Serotonina/sangre , Triptófano Hidroxilasa/biosíntesis , Triptófano Hidroxilasa/efectos de los fármacos , Triptófano Hidroxilasa/genética , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Vitamina D/sangre , Vitamina D/uso terapéutico , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/epidemiología , Elemento de Respuesta a la Vitamina D/fisiología
8.
PLoS One ; 7(7): e40271, 2012.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22792257

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The hygiene hypothesis implies that microbial agents including probiotic bacteria may modulate foetal/neonatal immune programming and hence offer effective strategies for primary allergy prevention; however their mechanisms of action are poorly understood. We investigated whether oral administration of Lactobacillus paracasei NCC 2461 to mothers during gestation/lactation can protect against airway inflammation in offspring in a mouse model of birch pollen allergy, and examined the immune mechanisms involved. METHODS: BALB/c mice were treated daily with L. paracasei in drinking water or drinking water alone in the last week of gestation and during lactation. Their offspring were sensitized with recombinant Bet v 1, followed by aerosol challenge with birch pollen extract. RESULTS: Maternal exposure to L. paracasei prevented the development of airway inflammation in offspring, as demonstrated by attenuation of eosinophil influx in the lungs; reduction of IL-5 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage, and in lung and mediastinal lymph node cell cultures; and reduced peribronchial inflammatory infiltrate and mucus hypersecretion. While allergen-specific IgE and IgG antibody levels remained unchanged by the treatment, IL-4 and IL-5 production in spleen cell cultures were significantly reduced upon allergen stimulation in offspring of L. paracasei treated mice. Offspring of L. paracasei supplemented mothers had significantly reduced Bet v 1-specific as well as Concanavalin A-induced responses in spleen and mesenteric lymph node cell cultures, suggesting the modulation of both antigen-specific and mitogen-induced immune responses in offspring. These effects were associated with increased Foxp3 mRNA expression in the lungs and increased TGF-beta in serum. CONCLUSION: Our data show that in a mouse model of birch pollen allergy, perinatal administration of L. paracasei NCC 2461 to pregnant/lactating mothers protects against the development of airway inflammation in offspring by activating regulatory pathways, likely through TLR2/4 signalling.


Asunto(s)
Lactobacillus/inmunología , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/inmunología , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/prevención & control , Animales , Antígenos de Plantas/inmunología , Betula/inmunología , Proliferación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/genética , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/metabolismo , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Lactancia/inmunología , Pulmón/inmunología , Pulmón/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Polen/inmunología , Embarazo , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/inmunología , Receptor Toll-Like 2/metabolismo , Receptor Toll-Like 4/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba/inmunología
9.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med ; 25(8): 1324-8, 2012 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22046978

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Inflammatory cytokines, play a central role in the genesis of preterm parturition and fetal brain injury. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may activate cytokine pathways via induction of oxidative stress pathways. We hypothesized that enhanced maternal antioxidant activity may blunt fetal brain inflammatory responses to maternal LPS injection in pregnant rats. METHODS: Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at 18 and 20 days gestation received intraperitoneal (ip) LPS injection and pre- and post-treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) or saline. Six hours after the LPS injection, rats were sacrificed, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 mRNA expression in the fetal brains was determined by real time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Maternal ip LPS induced significant increase in fetal brain IL-6 mRNA expression at E18 (3.1 ± 0.6 vs 1.0 ± 0.10 AU) and E20 (29.01 + 13.06 vs 0.95 + 0.05 AU; p < 0.05) compared to Control, only at E20 maternal LPS induced increase in fetal brain IL-10 compared to control. NAC administered prior to and after LPS significantly reduced fetal brain IL-6 at E18 and E20 and IL-10 at E20. CONCLUSION: Maternal NAC can protect the fetal brain from inflammatory cytokine responses to maternal LPS injection. These results suggest that NAC may potentially protect fetus from inflammation-associated brain injury and potential long term sequelae.


Asunto(s)
Acetilcisteína/farmacología , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encefalitis/prevención & control , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Acetilcisteína/administración & dosificación , Animales , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Encéfalo/embriología , Encéfalo/inmunología , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Citoprotección/efectos de los fármacos , Citoprotección/inmunología , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Encefalitis/inducido químicamente , Encefalitis/embriología , Encefalitis/metabolismo , Femenino , Feto/efectos de los fármacos , Feto/inmunología , Feto/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/efectos de los fármacos , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/inmunología , Madres , Embarazo/sangre , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/inducido químicamente , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/prevención & control , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley
10.
Reprod Toxicol ; 28(4): 443-55, 2009 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19631735

RESUMEN

Belimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody antagonist for soluble B-lymphocyte stimulator, and is a potential therapeutic for various autoimmune disorders. To support clinical use, belimumab was administered intravenously to pregnant cynomolgus monkeys every 2 weeks throughout gestation at dosages of 5 and 150 mg/kg. Fetuses were delivered by C-section on Gestation Day 150 from one-half of the mothers, and evaluated for teratologic effects (external, visceral, skeletal, and heart), pharmacodynamics (PD) and toxicokinetics (TK). Remaining mothers delivered their infants naturally, enabling extensive assessment of PD and TK during a 1-year postnatal period. Effects attributed to belimumab were limited to the expected pharmacology, primarily decreased numbers of B-lymphocytes in peripheral blood of mothers and infants, and in fetal lymphoid tissues. Infants demonstrated full recovery upon cessation of exposure. In conclusion, belimumab was well tolerated at pharmacologically active dose levels in pregnant cynomolgus monkeys and their infants after exposure throughout pregnancy.


Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales/farmacología , Factor Activador de Células B/inmunología , Feto/efectos de los fármacos , Macaca fascicularis/embriología , Macaca fascicularis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/farmacocinética , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Área Bajo la Curva , Linfocitos B/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Femenino , Inmunosupresores/inmunología , Inmunosupresores/farmacología , Activación de Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/efectos de los fármacos , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/inmunología , Tasa de Depuración Metabólica , Embarazo , Factores de Tiempo
11.
Br J Nutr ; 102(6): 858-68, 2009 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19338709

RESUMEN

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported to exert beneficial physiological effects on body composition and the immune system. However, little information is available on the influence of CLA on immune function during early life periods. The present study evaluates the effect of feeding an 80:20 mixture of cis-9, trans-11- and trans-10, cis-12-CLA isomers during gestation and suckling on the systemic immune response of weaned Wistar rats. Pups received dietary CLA from dams through the placental barrier and during suckling by breast milk (group A) or by oral administration (group B). Pups from group C only received CLA during suckling by oral administration. Group D constituted the reference group. Milk from dams fed the CLA diet had a high content of CLA and higher IgA and IgG concentrations than rats fed the standard diet. The plasma of pups from groups A, B and C showed six, twelve and nine times higher content of the cis-9, trans-11-CLA isomer than that of the group D pups. Rats from group A exhibited higher serum IgG concentrations than rats from the rest of the groups (22.14 (SEM 2.14) v. about 5 mg/ml; P < 0.05), whereas rats from groups A and B showed approximately 2-fold higher splenocyte IgM production than rats from groups C and D. However, CLA supplementation did not influence significantly the splenocyte proliferative response or cytokine secretion. Supplementation during gestation and suckling with an 80:20 cis-9, trans-11-trans-10, cis-12 CLA mix enhances the production of the main in vivo and in vitro Ig isotypes in Wistar rats.


Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Inmunoglobulinas/biosíntesis , Ácidos Linoleicos Conjugados/inmunología , Fenómenos Fisiologicos de la Nutrición Prenatal/inmunología , Animales , Animales Lactantes , Proliferación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Dieta , Femenino , Inmunoglobulinas/sangre , Ácidos Linoleicos Conjugados/sangre , Activación de Linfocitos/inmunología , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/inmunología , Leche/metabolismo , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Bazo/inmunología , Aumento de Peso/inmunología
12.
Immunohematology ; 22(4): 166-70, 2006.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17430075

RESUMEN

Views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or U.S. Government. The only previously published case of anti-G in a pregnant woman indicated that anti-G alone caused little, if any, fetal or neonatal hemolysis. This report describes an affected fetus with amnionitic fluid OD 450 absorbance values in the moderate zone of the Liley prediction graph who required prolonged phototherapy after birth until day of life 20. Anti-G was identified and anti-C and -D excluded in the mother's serum. In contrast to the previous report, this report shows anti-G alone can cause moderate HDN and that fetal monitoring and treatment may be necessary.


Asunto(s)
Eritroblastosis Fetal/diagnóstico , Eritroblastosis Fetal/inmunología , Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo Rh-Hr/inmunología , Adulto , Tipificación y Pruebas Cruzadas Sanguíneas , Eritroblastosis Fetal/terapia , Femenino , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal/etiología , Humanos , Hiperbilirrubinemia Neonatal/sangre , Hiperbilirrubinemia Neonatal/complicaciones , Hiperbilirrubinemia Neonatal/terapia , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/inmunología , Embarazo , Complicaciones Hematológicas del Embarazo/sangre , Complicaciones Hematológicas del Embarazo/inmunología , Complicaciones Hematológicas del Embarazo/terapia , Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo Rh-Hr/sangre , Resultado del Tratamiento
13.
Parasite Immunol ; 27(7-8): 289-95, 2005.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16138850

RESUMEN

The present paper reviews the available literature on the development of immunity to animal Schistosoma infections. The majority of the studies on animal schistosomiasis were performed in cattle and pigs and only Schistosoma mattheei, S. bovis and S. japonicum received particular attention, mainly because of their recognized veterinary significance or zoonotic aspect. Although it is an accepted fact that acquired resistance to Schistosoma is of major importance in the regulation of infection intensity in the field, almost nothing is yet known of either the nature of the antigens or of the immune mechanisms involved. The recent studies on immunity development focus in particular on the occurrence of maternal to foetal transfer of immunological substances related to animal Schistosoma infections and possible effects of these transfers on the immunity development of the foetus/newborn. Since congenital infections for Schistosoma species other than S. japonicum are extremely rare, the most plausible route for foetal contact is the transplacental or postnatal transfer of immunological substances. Prenatal transfers of specific antibodies and antigens via placental lesions and postnatal transfers via the colostrum were observed in cattle and pigs, and subsequent modifications of the immune response of the newborn were observed. Placental lesions induced by Schistosoma eggs could allow other pathogens to cross the placenta.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/inmunología , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/inmunología , Schistosoma/inmunología , Esquistosomiasis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/inmunología , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Calostro/inmunología , Femenino , Placenta/inmunología , Embarazo , Complicaciones Parasitarias del Embarazo/inmunología , Complicaciones Parasitarias del Embarazo/parasitología , Complicaciones Parasitarias del Embarazo/veterinaria , Schistosoma/clasificación , Schistosoma japonicum/inmunología , Esquistosomiasis/inmunología , Esquistosomiasis Japónica/inmunología , Esquistosomiasis Japónica/parasitología , Esquistosomiasis Japónica/veterinaria , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/parasitología
14.
Blood ; 99(4): 1205-14, 2002 Feb 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11830467

RESUMEN

This report describes a new low-frequency alloantigen, Oe(a), responsible for a case of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT). In a population study none of 600 unrelated blood donors was an Oe(a) carrier. By immunochemical studies the Oe(a) antigen could be assigned to platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIIa. Sequencing of GPIIIa complementary DNA from an Oe(a) (+) individual showed deletion of a lysine residue at position 611 (DeltaLys(611)). Analysis of 20 Oe(a) (-) and 3 Oe(a) (+) individuals showed that the DeltaLys(611) form of GPIIIa was related to the phenotype. Anti-Oe(a) reacted with the DeltaLys(611), but not with the wild-type isoforms on stable transfectants expressing GPIIIa, indicating that DeltaLys(611) directly induces the expression of Oe(a) epitopes. Under nonreducing conditions the Pro(33)DeltaLys(611) variant migrated with a slightly decreased molecular weight compared to the Pro(33)Lys(611) isoform suggesting that DeltaLys(611) has an influence on the disulfide bonds of GPIIIa. The Pro(33)DeltaLys(611) GPIIIa could undergo conformational changes and bind to fibrinogen in a similar manner as the Pro(33)Lys(611) isoform. No difference was found in the tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125(FAK), suggesting that DeltaLys(611) has no effect on integrin function. In contrast to all other low-frequency antigens, the DeltaLys(611) isoform was associated with the HPA-1b, but not with the high frequency HPA-1a allele. Comparison with GPIIIa DNA from nonhuman primates indicated that the HPA-1a allele represents the ancestral form of GPIIIa. It can be assumed that the Oe(a) form did arise as a result of a mutational event from an already mutated GPIIIa allele.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Plaqueta Humana/genética , Complejo GPIIb-IIIa de Glicoproteína Plaquetaria/genética , Complejo GPIIb-IIIa de Glicoproteína Plaquetaria/inmunología , Eliminación de Secuencia , Trombocitopenia/inmunología , Adulto , Antígenos CD/genética , Antígenos CD/inmunología , Antígenos CD/fisiología , Antígenos de Plaqueta Humana/inmunología , Antígenos de Plaqueta Humana/fisiología , Cisteína , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Femenino , Variación Genética/genética , Variación Genética/inmunología , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Integrina beta3 , Isoanticuerpos/efectos adversos , Isoanticuerpos/inmunología , Isoantígenos/genética , Isoantígenos/inmunología , Masculino , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/inmunología , Linaje , Complejo GPIIb-IIIa de Glicoproteína Plaquetaria/fisiología , Glicoproteínas de Membrana Plaquetaria/genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana Plaquetaria/inmunología , Glicoproteínas de Membrana Plaquetaria/fisiología , Embarazo , Complicaciones Hematológicas del Embarazo/etiología , Complicaciones Hematológicas del Embarazo/inmunología , Secuencias Repetitivas de Aminoácido , Trombocitopenia/etiología , Trombocitopenia/genética
15.
Am J Perinatol ; 16(8): 391-8, 1999.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10772197

RESUMEN

Two siblings born 6 years apart presented with similar findings of hepatosplenomegaly, dermal hematopoiesis, hemoglobinuria, and increased platelet consumption, but only moderate anemia and normal serum bilirubin. ABO incompatibility was identified, and other causes were excluded. A review of the current understanding of mechanisms that promote and prevent antibody-mediated hemolysis in the fetus is reviewed. Due to the low ratio of observed to expected significant clinical events among ABO incompatible mother-infant pairs, and the multiplicity of mechanisms that diminish hemolysis, we speculate that severe ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when there is a specific failure in one of these preventive mechanisms.


Asunto(s)
Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO/inmunología , Incompatibilidad de Grupos Sanguíneos/diagnóstico , Incompatibilidad de Grupos Sanguíneos/inmunología , Eritroblastosis Fetal/diagnóstico , Eritroblastosis Fetal/fisiopatología , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/inmunología , Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO/genética , Incompatibilidad de Grupos Sanguíneos/genética , Eritroblastosis Fetal/terapia , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Núcleo Familiar , Embarazo , Pronóstico
16.
J Vet Med Sci ; 59(6): 437-41, 1997 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9234217

RESUMEN

In order to obtain basic information about bovine interleukin-1 (IL-1 beta), levels of IL-1 beta in sera and milk of clinically normal mature Holstein cattle before and after parturition and in sera of newborn calves were examined by ELISA. The level of IL-1 beta was undetectable in sera of mature cattle around the time of artificial insemination, but the concentration gradually increased and reached a peak at parturition and then decreased again to an undetectable level. IL-1 beta in milk was detected on the day of parturition but not thereafter. IL-1 beta mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in the cells from milk collected during 20 days before and 2 to 3 days after parturition, but was not detected thereafter. Although IL-1 beta was not detected in all the sera of newborn calves, the concentration transiently increased with peak titers on day 3 and became undetectable by day 14 after birth. Newborns that showed serum IL-1 beta on day 3 had been fed on colostrum in which the IL-1 beta concentration was significantly higher than that in colostrum that had been fed to newborns having no detectable IL-1 beta on day 3. These results indicate that IL-1 beta is induced in association with pregnancy in healthy dairy cattle and that the cytokine might be transferred to neonates via colostrum.


Asunto(s)
Calostro/inmunología , Interleucina-1/análisis , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/inmunología , Preñez/inmunología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos/sangre , Bovinos , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Interleucina-1/sangre , Lactancia , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Embarazo , Factores de Tiempo
17.
Poult Sci ; 75(9): 1092-7, 1996 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8878265

RESUMEN

The study was designed to assess neonatal immunity of chicks hatched from breeders fed diets supplemented with beta-carotene, canthaxanthin, lutein, or vitamin E. Broiler breeder birds were fed experimental diets consisting of control, 0.04% beta-carotene, 0.04% canthaxanthin, 0.04% lutein, 0.03% alpha-tocopherol acetate, or 0.04% beta-carotene plus 0.03% alpha-tocopherol acetate. Three weeks after initiation of experimental feeding, birds were vaccinated against Newcastle disease virus. Chicks hatched from the eggs of these breeders were used to determine the neonatal immune responses. There were no significant differences in weight gain and antibody titers of 3-wk-old chicks. 3H-Thymidine uptake by bursal lymphocytes when stimulated with tetrahydrofuran was significantly higher for the chicks hatched from breeders fed diets supplemented with vitamin E, or vitamin E plus beta-carotene, than in controls. 3H-Thymidine uptake by splenic lymphocytes when stimulated with concanavalin A and phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate was significantly higher for the chicks hatched from breeders fed diets supplemented with vitamin E or beta-carotene alone, or vitamin E plus beta-carotene, than for the control chicks. Chicks hatched from hens supplemented with vitamin E had significantly higher antibody titers at 1 and 7 d of age than chicks from the control group. Vitamin E supplementation of breeder birds increased the immune response of their progeny.


Asunto(s)
Animales Recién Nacidos/inmunología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Cantaxantina/farmacología , Pollos/inmunología , Luteína/farmacología , Vitamina E/farmacología , beta Caroteno/farmacología , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos/metabolismo , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/metabolismo , Carcinógenos/farmacología , División Celular/fisiología , Células Cultivadas , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pollos/metabolismo , Concanavalina A/farmacología , Dieta/veterinaria , Femenino , Furanos/farmacología , Lectinas/farmacología , Linfocitos/citología , Linfocitos/metabolismo , Masculino , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/inmunología , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/fisiología , Virus de la Enfermedad de Newcastle/inmunología , Embarazo , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacología , Timidina/metabolismo , Tritio , Aumento de Peso/fisiología
18.
Vopr Virusol ; 35(2): 108-12, 1990.
Artículo en Ruso | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2389562

RESUMEN

Using 51Cr isotope label it was demonstrated that a very low per cent of syngeneic lymphocytes derived from healthy donors and inoculated in the blood stream of uninfected or influenza virus-infected pregnant mice is found in fetuses before delivery. Similar results were obtained after inoculation of virus-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) into uninfected pregnant mice. After inoculation into the blood stream of infected pregnant mice of virus-specific CTL their migration into fetuses before delivery increases, being most marked in 25-30% of mice. Intravenous inoculation of excess CTL (10(6) cells) to infected pregnant mice resulted in rapid development of signs of slow influenza infection in the progeny with typical clinical picture and histopathological lesions in organs and tissues. Large doses (10(7)-10(8) cells) of CTL inoculated into the blood stream cause higher reduction and death of fetuses and increase the rate of stillbirths. The role of maternal virus-specific CTL in the pathogenesis of experimental congenital and especially slow influenza infection is discussed.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/inmunología , Virus de la Influenza A/inmunología , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/inmunología , Linfocitos T Citotóxicos/inmunología , Animales , Radioisótopos de Cromo , Femenino , Feto/inmunología , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/etiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/patología , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/complicaciones , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/congénito , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/patología , Embarazo , Enfermedades por Virus Lento/complicaciones , Enfermedades por Virus Lento/congénito , Enfermedades por Virus Lento/inmunología , Enfermedades por Virus Lento/patología , Linfocitos T Citotóxicos/trasplante
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