Care Perceptions in two ICU Nursing Care Delivery Models: A qualitative-comparative approach / Percepciones del cuidado en dos modelos de atención de enfermería en UCI: aproximación cualitativa-comparativa / Percepções de cuidado em dois modelos de assistência de enfermagem em UTI: uma abordagem qualitativo-comparativa

Objective. Analyzed in compared perspective perceptions about nursing care, nurse-patient interaction, and nursing care outcomes in two ICU nursing staff in a high-complexity hospital institution, whose Nursing are Delivery Models (NCDM) are differentiated by the proportion of nurses and nurse assistants (NA) per team and by the assigned tasks and responsibilities. Methods. Particularist ethnography with adaptation to virtual methodologies. It included the sociodemographic characteristics of 19 nurses and 23 NA, 14 semi-structured interviews, review of patients' clinical records, and a focus group. Coding, categorization, inductive analysis, validation of results with participants were conducted and thematic saturation was achieved. Results. Four themes were identified: i) Professionalized care: a nursing of superior value; ii) senses and feelings of care; iii) nursing workload, generating factors and impacts; and iv) nursing missed care as concrete expression of the nursing workload. Conclusion. Compared nursing teams perceived nursing care in different ways, since it was experienced based on the assigned responsibilities and the possibilities of interaction with patients. Nursing care in the NCDM of the ICU with prevalence of direct bedside care by nurses with support from NA, it was perceived as holistic, comprehensive, and empathetic; whereas in the ICU with prevalence of delegated care to NA, it was related with administrative leadership and management of the ICU. Regarding the results, the NCDM of the ICU of direct bedside care by nurses showed better performance in patient safety and was closer to the skill level and legal responsibility of the nursing staff.

Objetivo. Analizar en perspectiva comparada las percepciones sobre el cuidado de enfermería, el relacionamiento con los pacientes y los resultados del cuidado en dos equipos de enfermería de UCI de una institución hospitalaria de alta complejidad, cuyos Modelos de Atención de Enfermería (MAE) se diferencian por la proporción de enfermeras y Auxiliares de Enfermería (AE) por equipo y por las tareas y responsabilidades asignadas. Métodos. Etnografía particularista con adaptación a metodologías virtuales. Incluyó la caracterización sociodemográfica a 19 enfermeras y 23 AE, 14 entrevistas semiestructuradas, revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes y un grupo focal. Se realizó codificación, categorización, análisis inductivo, validación de resultados con participantes y se logró la saturación temática. Resultados. Se identificaron cuatro temas: i) Cuidados profesionalizados: una enfermería de valor superior ii) sentidos y sentires del cuidado iii) carga de cuidado, factores generadores e impactos y iv) omisión del cuidado como expresión concreta de la carga de trabajo. Conclusión. Los equipos de Enfermería comparados percibieron el cuidado de enfermería de maneras distintas, pues se vivenció a partir de las responsabilidades asignadas y las posibilidades de relacionamiento con los pacientes. En el MAE de la UCI donde predomina el cuidado directo de enfermeras con apoyo AE, se percibió el cuidado como atención holista, integral y empática, mientras que en la UCI donde predomina el cuidado delegado a AE se relacionó con el liderazgo administrativo y la gestión de la sala de UCI. En cuanto a resultados, el MAE de la UCI de cuidado directo por enfermeras mostró mejor desempeño en seguridad del paciente y fue más cercano al nivel de competencias y de responsabilidad legal de los equipos de enfermería.

Objetivo. Analisar em perspectiva comparativa as percepções sobre o cuidado de enfermagem, a relação com os pacientes e os resultados do cuidado em duas equipes de enfermagem de UTI de uma instituição hospitalar de alta complexidade, cujos Modelos de Assistência de Enfermagem (MAE) diferem pela proporção de enfermeiros e auxiliares de enfermagem (AE) por equipe e por tarefas e responsabilidades atribuídas. Métodos.Etnografia particularista com adaptação a metodologias virtuais. Incluiu a caracterização sociodemográfica de 19 enfermeiros e 23 EA, 14 entrevistas semiestruturadas, revisão de prontuários e grupo focal. Codificação, categorização, análise indutiva, validação dos resultados com os participantes foram realizadas e a saturação temática foi alcançada. Resultados. Foram identificados quatro temas: i) Cuidado profissionalizado: enfermagem de valor superior ii) sentidos e sentimentos do cuidado iii) sobrecarga do cuidado, fatores geradores e impactos e iv) omissão do cuidado como expressão concreta da carga de trabalho. Conclusão. As equipes de Enfermagem compararam o cuidado de enfermagem percebido de diferentes maneiras, uma vez que foi vivenciado a partir das responsabilidades atribuídas e das possibilidades de relacionamento com os pacientes. No MAE da UTI onde predomina o cuidado direto por enfermeiros com apoio do EA, o cuidado foi percebido como cuidado holístico, integral e empático, enquanto na UTI onde predomina o cuidado delegado ao EA, estava relacionado à liderança administrativa e gestão da sala da UTI. Em termos de resultados, o MAE da UTI de cuidado direto por enfermeiros apresentou melhor desempenho na segurança do paciente e se aproximou mais do nível de competências e responsabilidade legal das equipes de enfermagem.

Effectiveness of systemic acupuncture in the control of urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy: a randomized clinical trial / Efectividad de la acupuntura sistémica en el control de la incontinencia urinaria post-prostatectomía radical: ensayo clínico randomizado / Efetividade da acupuntura sistêmica no controle da incontinência urinária pós-prostatectomia radical: ensaio clínico randomizado

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture associated with pelvic floor muscle training for the control of urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy. Method: Open-label, parallel randomized clinical trial. The intervention group (n = 33) underwent eight sessions of systemic acupuncture associated with pelvic floor muscle training and the control group (n = 31) performed only pelvic floor muscle training. The outcome variable was urinary incontinence assessed by the Pad Test and Daily Pad Used, before treatment (T0), after four weeks (T1) and after eight weeks of treatment (T2). Data analysis was performed using a longitudinal model of Generalized Estimating Equations, significance level of 0.05. Results: The control group showed greater urinary loss compared to the intervention group at T1 (p = 0.006) and at T2 (p < 0.001). Both groups showed improvement in the level of urinary incontinence over time, but the improvement was greater in the intervention group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Acupuncture associated with pelvic floor muscle training was effective in reducing urinary incontinence in prostatectomized men. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials:RBR-3jm5y2

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de la acupuntura asociada al entrenamiento muscular de piso pélvico para el control de la incontinencia urinaria post-prostatectomía radical. Método: ensayo clínico aleatorizado paralelo, del tipo abierto. El grupo intervención (n = 33) fue sometido a ocho sesiones de acupuntura sistémica asociada al entrenamiento muscular de piso pélvico y el grupo control (n = 31) solamente al entrenamiento muscular de piso pélvico. La variable desfecho fue incontinencia urinaria evaluada por el Pad Test y Daily Pad Used, antes del tratamiento (T0), después de cuatro semanas (T1) y después de ocho semanas de tratamiento (T2). El análisis de datos fue realizado por modelo longitudinal de Ecuaciones de Estimaciones Generalizadas, nivel de significancia de 0,05. Resultados: el grupo control presentó mayor pérdida urinaria en comparación al grupo intervención en T1 (p = 0,006) y en T2 (p < 0,001). Ambos grupos presentaron mejor nivel de incontinencia urinaria a lo largo del tiempo, sin embargo la mejora fue mayor en el grupo intervención (p < 0,001). Conclusión: la acupuntura asociada al entrenamiento muscular de piso pélvico fue efectiva para la reducción de la incontinencia urinaria en hombres prostatectomizados. Registro Brasileño de Ensayos Clínicos:RBR-3jm5y2

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade da acupuntura associada ao treinamento muscular do assoalho pélvico para o controle da incontinência urinária pós-prostatectomia radical. Método: Ensaio clínico aleatorizado paralelo, do tipo aberto. O grupo intervenção (n = 33) foi submetido a oito sessões de acupuntura sistêmica associada ao treinamento muscular do assoalho pélvico e o grupo controle (n = 31) somente ao treinamento muscular do assoalho pélvico. A variável desfecho foi incontinência urinária avaliada pelo Pad Test e Daily Pad Used, antes do tratamento (T0), após quatro semanas (T1) e após oito semanas de tratamento (T2).A análise de dados foi realizada por modelo longitudinal de Equações de Estimações Generalizadas, nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: O grupo controle apresentou maior perda urinária em comparação ao grupo intervenção em T1 (p = 0,006) e em T2 (p < 0,001). Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhora no nível de incontinência urinária ao longo do tempo, porém a melhora foi maior no grupo intervenção (p < 0,001). Conclusão A acupuntura associada ao treinamento muscular do assoalho pélvico foi efetiva para a redução da incontinência urinária em homens prostatectomizados. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos:RBR-3jm5y2

Research utilisation in clinical practice: the experience of nurses and midwives working in public hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Nurses and midwives play a vital role to utilise research in clinical decision-making practice. However, limited support for research utilisation and barriers of research utilisation hamper to utilise up-to-date research findings in clinical practice. Therefore, this study aimed to explore nurses' and midwives' experience of research utilisation in public hospitals. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive approach was conducted to explore nurses' and midwives' experience of research utilisation in clinical practice within South Gondar Zone public hospitals from January 3 to June 28, 2020. A total of 20 interviewees, 40 participants of FGDs, and 8 observations were considered in the study. Data from the interview, FGD, and observation were imported into NVivo 12 plus to manage and analyze the data using the Computer-Assisted Data Analysis Software Program (CAQDAS). The data were analyzed through thematic content analysis. RESULTS: Nurses' and midwives' experience of using research findings in clinical decision-making emerged as "the non-intentional research utilisation" the main theme. Data analysis produced as "the belief towards research utilisation", "the limited support for nurses and midwives", and, "the perceived barriers of research utilisation" as the three themes. Participants believed that the non-use of the primary research was recommended due to fear of accountability for client harm. The limited support for nurses' and midwives' experience of research utilisation decrease nurses' and midwives' confidence to utilise research in clinical practice. Knowledge, attitude, time mismanagement, and the lack of motivation were perceived barriers to research utilisation. The lack of training and access to systematic review and meta-analysis research findings limited the research utilisation in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: The experience of research utilisation indicated that there was limited support for nurses and midwives to utilise research. Nurses and midwives did not utilise research in their clinical practice intentionally. This study identified that knowledge, negative attitude towards research utilisation, lack of training; time mismanagement, and lack of motivation were the perceived barriers to research utilisation. Therefore, the promotion of adopting the research utilisation and training on the identified barriers are mandatory. Nurses and midwives play a vital role to utilise research in clinical decision-making practice. However, the limited support for research utilisation and barriers of research utilisation hamper the utilisation of up-to-date research in clinical practice. Therefore, this study aimed to explore nurses' and midwives' experience of using the knowledge obtained from research findings in clinical and healthcare decision-making practice within public hospitals. The experience of research utilisation among nurses and midwives working in public hospitals was studied. There was limited support for nurses' and midwives' experience of research utilisation. Nurses and midwives did not utilise research in their clinical practice intentionally. The knowledge, negative attitude towards research utilisation, lack of training, time mismanagement, and lack of motivation were the perceived barriers to research utilisation. Therefore, the promotion of adopting the research utilisation and training on the identified barriers are mandatory.

Clinical academic research internships for nurses, midwives and allied health professionals: a qualitative evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Nurses, midwives and allied health professionals are integral to research, yet rarely engage simultaneously in research and clinical practice. Clinical academic internships offer a route for accessing academic research training. AIM: To determine facilitators and barriers to nurses' participation and engagement in research internships, and to suggest improvements for future programmes. DISCUSSION: The experiences of ten health professional research interns were explored, using a method based on a synthesis between grounded theory and content analysis. Four categories emerged: integrating clinical and research aspirations; support - or lack of it; the hidden curriculum; and the legacy effect. Respondents identified facilitators and barriers to engagement in these categories, including unforeseen challenges. CONCLUSION: Formal support is necessary but is insufficient for fostering engagement and maximising benefits. Participation must be supported by colleagues and enabled by institutional structures. The potential effects of internships on engagement with research is considerable but requires collaboration between all stakeholders. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Deeper institutional engagement is needed so that internship opportunities are fully supported by all colleagues and practically enabled by institutional structures. Future schemes should attempt to promote opportunities to collaborate through group projects to reduce researchers' isolation.

Systematic and integrative reviews: synthesising evidence for community nursing practice.

Ease of access to vast amounts of information presents significant opportunities and challenges for nurses in the community as they seek to base their practice on the best available evidence. Growing expectations around evidence-based practice have developed alongside developments in evidence synthesis, which adopts robust approaches to identifying, appraising and synthesising key evidence for clinical decision-making. The context in which evidence-based practice occurs is key, and this article discusses the skills and knowledge needed for community nurses to discern how evidence and information should influence their decisions to review and change approaches to clinical practice. Importantly, if nurses understand the status of evidence underpinning areas of practice, they can ensure that the preferences and needs of patients and families are met.

Holistic nursing competence scale: Turkish translation and psychometric testing.

AIM: This study aimed to culturally adapt and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Holistic Nursing Competence Scale for application in the Turkish context. BACKGROUND: Nurses are expected to assess well-being of individuals by considering physical, social, psychological, cultural and spiritual dimensions to enhance adaptation to diseases. In Turkey, no tools have been developed to date for the evaluation of competencies in holistic nursing in the country. METHODS: The study was conducted with 288 nurses working in two hospitals in Ankara equipped with over 500 beds. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed in order to identify whether the items and the sub-dimensions of the adapted scale complied with the original structure comprising 36 items and five sub-scales, namely 'general aptitude', 'staff education and management', 'ethically oriented practice', 'nursing care in a team' and 'professional development'. Cronbach's alpha value was used as an estimate for reliability analysis. RESULTS: Opinions of 11 experts were obtained for content validation of the scale, and the content validity index was 0.90. The adaptation was observed to be acceptable on the basis of structural equation model fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha value was estimated to be 0.97 and 0.90, respectively, for the complete scale. CONCLUSION: The study identified the Turkish version of Holistic Nursing Competence Scale as a valid and reliable tool for the evaluation of competence in holistic nursing among nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND NURSING POLICY: The instrument may now be utilized as a tool of measurement in nursing practice, as well as in education and research, for identifying the level of competence in the holistic nursing practices among the nurses in Turkey.

Facilidades e limitações do enfermeiro no processo do raciocínio clínico / Facilities and limitations of the nurse in the clinical reaction process / Facilidades y limitaciones del enfermero en el proceso (nuevo) del raciocinio clínico

O objetivo desse estudo foi conhecer os facilidades e limitações dos enfermeiros para desenvolver o raciocínio clínico. Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, de corte transversal, que procurou averiguar as "facilidades e limitações dos enfermeiros no processo do raciocínio clínico" de 163 enfermeiros dos sete hospitais do Município de Dourados/MS, no primeiro semestre de 2016, sendo 79,8% são do sexo feminino, 65,4% são especialistas e 85,9% são do regime de Consolidação das Leis trabalhistas. Os participantes apontaram "educação permanente" (62%) como o principal facilitador e "pouco tempo para estudar" (45,39%) como a maior limitação para desenvolverem o raciocínio clínico. Conclui-se ser preciso criar estratégias na rede hospitalar que possibilitem aos enfermeiros se atualizarem dentro da própria instituição que trabalha e averiguar os fatores que contribuem para essa falta de tempo que o grande grupo optou como processo que limita o raciocínio clínico.(AU)

The aim of this study was to know the facilities and limitations of nurses to develop clinical reasoning. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study that sought to ascertain the "facilities and limitations of nurses in the clinical reasoning process" of 163 nurses from the seven hospitals in the City of Dourados/MS, in the first half of 2016, of which 79.8 % are female, 65.4% are specialists and 85.9% are from the Consolidation of Labor Laws. Participants pointed to "permanent education" (62%) as the main facilitator and "little time to study" (45.39%) as the greatest limitation to develop clinical reasoning. It's concluded that is necessary to create strategies in the hospital network that allow nurses to update themselves within the institution that works and to investigate the factors that contribute to this lack of time that the large group has chosen as a process that limits the clinical reasoning.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las facilidades y limitaciones de los enfermeros para desarrollar el raciocinio clínico. Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, de corte transversal, que buscó averiguar las "facilidades y limitaciones de los enfermeros en el proceso del raciocinio clínico" de 163 enfermeros de los siete hospitales del municipio de Dourados/MS, en el primer semestre de 2016, siendo 79,8 % son del sexo femenino, 65,4% son especialistas y 85,9% son del régimen de Consolidación de las Leyes laborales. Los participantes apuntaron "educación permanente" (62%) como el principal facilitador y "poco tiempo para estudiar" (45,39%) como la mayor limitación para desarrollar el raciocinio clínico. Es necesario crear estrategias en la red hospitalaria que posibilite que los enfermeros se actualicen dentro de la propia institución que trabaja y averiguar los factores que contribuyen a esa falta de tiempo que el gran grupo optó como proceso que limita el raciocinio clínico.(AU)

Efetividade de procedimentos não farmacológicos para o alívio da dor de parturientes: contribuições para a enfermagem obstétrica / Effectiveness of non-pharmacological procedures for pain relief in parturients: contributions to obstetric nursing

Estudo que apresentou como objeto o uso de procedimentos não farmacológicos para alívio da dor em parturientes. O objetivo geral foi conhecer a efetividade de três procedimentos não farmacológicos: o uso do gelo; o uso da água aquecida através do banho; e o uso da massagem na região lombar de gestantes, quanto à sua capacidade de produzir o alívio da dor na fase ativa do trabalho de parto. E os objetivos específicos: medir, a intensidade da dor autoreferida pelas parturientes antes, durante e após cada aplicação dos procedimentos não farmacológicos; analisar os escores numéricos referentes ao alívio da dor e descrever as avaliações das parturientes sobre os efeitos produzidos pelos procedimentos não farmacológicos. A tese é: O uso do gelo, da água aquecida através do banho de aspersão ou da massagem na região lombar de gestantes, quando empregados como procedimentos não farmacológicos na fase ativa do trabalho de parto são eficazes em produzir o alívio da dor. Ao mesmo tempo, contribui para a evolução fisiológica do trabalho de parto e parto. Baseou-se nos princípios da desmedicalização e no emprego de procedimentos não farmacológicos recomendados pela Organização Mundial de Saúde e ratificados pelo Ministério da Saúde no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo clínico de intervenção prospectivo, não randomizado, que utilizou uma escala numérica como instrumento para medir a dor autorreferida de parturientes antes, durante e após cada aplicação de um dos procedimentos não farmacológicos. Os resultados evidenciaram que: A maioria das parturientes preferiu a aplicação da massagem na região lombar (21) e banho de aspersão (17). O uso de gelo foi realizado em 7 parturientes. Foi possível observar que a quantidade mulheres que referiram de aumento da dor não ultrapassou a quantidade de mulheres que referiram alívio, principalmente quando a dilatação está em 9cm. Pode-se observar, pela descrição dos comportamentos das parturientes, que poucas referiram medo e grande parte se disse confiante e sentindo-se bem. Algumas mulheres cochilaram e a maioria caminhou livremente. Apenas oito parturientes (17,7%) solicitaram interrupção após a aplicação da intervenção na primeira vez e a grande maioria (91,1%) referiu satisfação com o procedimento aplicado. Em relação ao bebê, em nenhum caso foi necessário realizar aspiração, reanimação com emprego de oxigênio, intubação traqueal, massagem cardíaca ou medicação para reanimação. Não foi detectado nenhum caso de bradicardia ou desaceleração dos batimentos cardíacos do feto. Após o parto, todas as parturientes foram encaminhadas ao Alojamento Conjunto com seus bebês sem necessidade de atendimentos de urgência, ou de internação em setores de atendimento a situações de risco. Confirmando a tese proposta, o estudo concluiu que os procedimentos não farmacológicos foram efetivos em produzir o alívio da dor das parturientes, e que são instrumentos facilitadores da ação fisiológica e natural do organismo feminino, no trabalho de parto.

This study approached the use of non-pharmacological procedures for pain relief in parturients. The general objective was to know the effectiveness of three non-pharmacological procedures: the use of ice; the use of heated water through the bath; and the use of lumbar region massage in pregnant women, regarding its ability to produce pain relief in the active phase of labor. The specific objectives were: to measure the self-reported pain intensity by parturients before, during and after each application of non-pharmacological procedures; to analyze numerical scores related to pain relief and to describe the evaluations of parturients about the effects produced by non-pharmacological procedures. The thesis is: The use of ice, warm water through a shower bath or massage in the lower back of pregnant women, when employed as non-pharmacological procedures in the active phase of labor, are effective in producing pain relief. At the same time, it contributes to the physiological evolution of labor and delivery. It was based on the principles of de-medicalization and the use of non-pharmacological procedures recommended by the World Health Organization and ratified by the Ministry of Health in Brazil. This is a prospective, nonrandomized intervention clinical study that used a numerical scale as a tool to measure self-reported pain in parturients before, during and after each application of one of the non-pharmacological procedures. The results showed that: Most of the parturients preferred the application of lumbar massage (n=21) and spray bath (n=17). The use of ice was performed in seven parturients. It was observed that the amount of owmen who described increasing pain did not exceed those who described pain relief, mainly when the cervical dilation was at 9cm. It can be observed from the description of the behaviors of the parturients that few mentioned fear and most of them said they were confident and feeling well. Some women dozed off and the majority walked freely. Only eight parturients (17.7%) asked for interruption after the intervention was applied for the first time and the vast majority (91.1%) reported satisfaction with the procedure applied. Regarding the baby, none of them needed aspiration, oxygen resuscitation, tracheal intubation, cardiac massage or medication resuscitation. No cases of bradycardia or deceleration of the fetal heartbeat were detected. After delivery, all parturients were referred to the rooming-in with their babies with no needs for urgent care or hospitalization in risk care sectors. Confirming the proposed thesis, the study concluded that non-pharmacological procedures were effective in producing pain relief of parturients, and are instruments that facilitate the physiological and natural action of the female organism in labor.

Estratégias lúdicas no cuidado de enfermagem à criança hospitalizada / Play strategies in nursing care for the hospitalized child

Objetivo: analisar o uso de estratégias lúdicas no cuidado à criança hospitalizada na perspectiva da equipe de Enfermagem. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, no setor da Pediatria de um hospital municipal, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 15 profissionais de enfermagem, cujos dados foram submetidos à técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, na modalidade Análise Temática. Resultados: entende-se que as estratégias lúdicas são compreendidas majoritariamente como uma forma de entreter/distrair as crianças hospitalizadas. Utilizam-se materiais hospitalares, brincadeiras, desenhos, conversa/amizade, vestimentas diferenciadas e contação de histórias, especialmente, durante os cuidados procedimentais. Identificam-se, contudo, fatores limitantes do uso dessas estratégias lúdicas no cuidado à criança, como a escassez de recursos/materiais/investimentos, o medo das crianças em relação aos profissionais e aos procedimentos, a falta de tempo e a presença dos familiares. Conclusão: avalia-se que os fatores limitantes precisam ser superados para a garantia do atendimento integral às crianças hospitalizadas, considerando que o brincar é um direito garantido legalmente, além de contribuir para a recuperação mais prazerosa e para o pleno desenvolvimento infantil.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the use of play strategies in hospitalized child care from the perspective of the Nursing team. Method: this is a qualitative, descriptive study in the pediatrics sector of a municipal hospital, through semi-structured interviews with 15 nursing professionals, whose data were submitted to the Content Analysis technique in the Thematic Analysis modality. Results: it is understood that play strategies are understood mainly as a way to entertain/distract hospitalized children. Hospital materials, games, drawings, conversation/friendship, differentiated clothing and storytelling are used, especially during procedural care. However, there are limitations to the use of these play strategies in child care, such as scarce resources/materials/investments, children's fear of professionals and procedures, lack of time and the presence of family members. Conclusion: it is estimated that the limiting factors need to be overcome to guarantee the integral care of hospitalized children, considering that playing is a legally guaranteed right, as well as contributing to a more pleasant recovery and to the full development of children.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar el uso de estrategias lúdicas en el cuidado al niño hospitalizado en la perspectiva del equipo de Enfermería. Método: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, en el sector de la Pediatría de un hospital municipal, por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 15 profesionales de enfermería, cuyos datos fueron sometidos a la técnica de Análisis de Contenido, en la modalidad Análisis Temático. Resultados: se entiende que las estrategias lúdicas son comprendidas mayoritariamente como una forma de entretene/distraer a los niños hospitalizados. Se utilizan materiales hospitalarios, juegos, dibujos, conversación/amistad, vestimentas diferenciadas y cuenta de historias, especialmente, durante los cuidados procedimentales. Se identifican, sin embargo, factores limitantes del uso de esas estrategias lúdicas en el cuidado al niño, como la escasez de recursos / materiales / inversiones, el miedo de los niños hacia los profesionales y los procedimientos, la falta de tiempo y la presencia de los familiares. Conclusión: se evalúa que los factores limitantes necesitan ser superados para la garantía de la atención integral a los niños hospitalizados, considerando que el jugar es un derecho garantizado legalmente, además de contribuir para la recuperación más placentera y para el pleno desarrollo infantil.(AU)

Percepção dos acompanhantes das crianças hospitalizadas acerca do brinquedo terapêutico / Perception of the hospitalized child's companion in relation to therapeutic toys

Objetivo: identificar a percepção dos acompanhantes das crianças hospitalizadas com relação às atividades lúdicas. Método: trata-se de estudo qualitativo, de campo, descrito e exploratório, com dez acompanhantes, uutilizando-se a ferramenta Brinquedo terapêutico. Coletaram-se os dados por meio de entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado. Empregou-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade Análise Categorial para análise dos dados. Resultados: elegeram-se, a partir da leitura e releitura das entrevistas, quatro categorias: << A brinquedoteca como auxílio no tratamento pediátrico >>, << Utilização do Brinquedo Terapêutico na realização dos procedimentos >>; << O brinquedo terapêutico como suporte da assistência de Enfermagem >>, << O brinquedo e a aproximação entre o profissional e a criança >>. Conclusão: considerou-se primordial que os profissionais atuantes na Pediatria desenvolvam estratégias para a utilização do brinquedo terapêutico, melhorando a assistência oferecida e como contribuição, proporcionando o atendimento mais humano e qualificado na área.(AU)

Success Stories: Overcoming Barriers to Research in Southern and Eastern African Countries.

There is an ever-growing need for clinically focused, culturally relevant research on which nurses can base their practice. However, there may not be a concurrent rise in efforts to strengthen infrastructure needed to promote research in developing and low-income countries. In such cases, nurse researchers must find innovative ways to address and overcome barriers to research. This article presents five exemplars of nurses conducting high-quality nursing research in resource-poor settings in southern and eastern Africa. Furthermore, it suggests strategies to address these barriers, such as piggybacking on larger studies, interdisciplinary collaboration, and partnership with influential stakeholders. These tactics may be used to increase research productivity elsewhere.

Delphi Survey of Clinical Nursing and Midwifery Research Priorities in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

PURPOSE: As the shortage of nurses and midwives is expected to worsen in the Eastern Mediterranean region concomitantly with a growing focus on achievement of universal health coverage, nurses and midwives are expected to fill major gaps in health care. Hence, the need for a solid evidence base for nursing practice and a clear direction for clinical nursing research are paramount. Therefore, a Delphi survey was conducted to determine clinical (research focused on patient outcomes) nursing and midwifery priorities for research within this region. DESIGN: A Delphi survey, using iterative rounds of an online survey of regional clinical nursing and midwifery research experts, was conducted between January and April 2016. METHODS: Consensus was determined by percentage agreement on level of priority for topics as determined by participants. Additionally, results were compared between countries within the region by income and mortality levels using Kendall's tau. FINDINGS: Critical research topics were focused on public/community/primary care as well as emergency preparedness for disasters, and these priorities are well aligned with gaps in the literature for this region. There were statistically significant differences between priority level and country mortality group for geriatrics, self-management of disease, and sexually transmitted infections. CONCLUSIONS: Critical research priorities should focus on population-based health topics. Between-country differences should be analyzed further. A clinical research database for the region may help improve research access for nurses and midwives. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Practicing nurses and midwives lack extensive evidence (including culturally relevant evidence) on which to practice. Increasing research in areas identified in this survey may improve patient outcomes and quality of care regionally.

Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Against Chemotherapy-induced Mucositis: A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVE: This double-blind randomized clinical trial evaluates the ef cacy and route of administration of omega-3 fatty acids for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in patients undergoing che- motherapy in Iranian hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients developing World Health Organization (WHO) grade 1 oral mucositis were randomized to the omega-3 fatty acid (n=30) or placebo (n=30) group. Mucositis was assessed according to the WHO, Western Consortium for Cancer Nursing Research, and Oral Mucositis Weekly Questionnaire cri- teria at baseline and rst, second, and third weeks of chemotherapy un- til mucositis resolved. RESULTS: Differences in the severity of mucositis between the omega-3 and placebo groups in the rst, second, and third weeks of treatment based on the WHO criteria were noted. This study showed that patients in the omega-3 group experienced less pain during the rst, second, and third weeks of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Omega-3 fatty acids are a safe, effective method for preventing and treating oral mucositis in patients receiving mucotoxic cancer chemotherapy.

Investigating nurse practitioners in the private sector: a theoretically informed research protocol.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To report a study protocol and the theoretical framework normalisation process theory that informs this protocol for a case study investigation of private sector nurse practitioners. BACKGROUND: Most research evaluating nurse practitioner service is focused on public, mainly acute care environments where nurse practitioner service is well established with strong structures for governance and sustainability. Conversely, there is lack of clarity in governance for emerging models in the private sector. In a climate of healthcare reform, nurse practitioner service is extending beyond the familiar public health sector. Further research is required to inform knowledge of the practice, operational framework and governance of new nurse practitioner models. DESIGN: The proposed research will use a multiple exploratory case study design to examine private sector nurse practitioner service. METHODS: Data collection includes interviews, surveys and audits. A sequential mixed method approach to analysis of each case will be conducted. Findings from within-case analysis will lead to a meta-synthesis across all four cases to gain a holistic understanding of the cases under study, private sector nurse practitioner service. Normalisation process theory will be used to guide the research process, specifically coding and analysis of data using theory constructs and the relevant components associated with those constructs. CONCLUSIONS: This article provides a blueprint for the research and describes a theoretical framework, normalisation process theory in terms of its flexibility as an analytical framework. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Consistent with the goals of best research practice, this study protocol will inform the research community in the field of primary health care about emerging research in this field. Publishing a study protocol ensures researcher fidelity to the analysis plan and supports research collaboration across teams.

'Weak' research undermines profession.

The contribution of nursing is being underestimated because of 'weak and small scale' research, a leading workforce expert has warned.

Inhaled peppermint oil for postop nausea in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea is a common occurrence that is very uncomfortable for patients and may result in complications including pain, strain at the surgical site, aspiration, and possible dehiscence. Antiemetics used to manage the nausea cause many adverse reactions, such as dysrhythmias and/or drowsiness resulting in an unwillingness to ambulate or perform deep-breathing exercises. LITERATURE REVIEW: Previous studies have reported a decrease in nausea following the use of peppermint oil. STUDY METHODOLOGY: Researchers obtained informed consent from 123 patients for this study; 34 (28%) of them experienced nausea and were offered a nasal inhaler that contained peppermint oil. RESULTS: The average nausea rating before the use of peppermint oil was 3.29 (SD, 1.0) on a scale of 0 to 5, with 5 being the greatest nausea. Two minutes later, the average nausea rating was 1.44 (SD, 1.3). Using paired t-tests, these differences were found to be statistically significant (P = 0.000). DISCUSSION: The researchers concluded that peppermint oil inhalation is a viable first-line treatment for nausea in postoperative cardiac surgery patients.

Integración metodológica en la investigación de fenómenos complejos en Enfermería / Methodological integration in complex phenomena in Nursing research

El presente artículo pretende analizar y reflexionar en torno a la integración metodológica. Se exponen algunos antecedentes para dar a conocer ciertos aspectos que hicieron posible este binomio en el quehacer investigativo, sin pretender dar cuenta histórica del debate. Se desarrolla una aproximación sobre la integración metodológica, los principios que subyacen su uso, su potencialidad, alcances, limitaciones y desventajas, junto con los aspectos necesarios para la construcción de su diseño. Finalmente, se considera que esta metodología permitiría desarrollar e impulsar el conocimiento de Enfermería hacia una perspectiva más holística e integral, favoreciendo el trabajo trans e interdisciplinario en el quehacer investigativo de enfermería

This article aims to analyze and reflect about methodological integration. Background information introduces certain aspects that made this binomial possible in this research, without providing the historical account of the debate. An approximation about the methodological integration, principles underlying to is use, its potential, scope, limitations and disadvantages, along with the necessary features for building design are developed. Finally, it is considered that this methodology would develop and promote nursing knowledge toward a more holistic and comprehensive perspective, promoting trans and interdisciplinary work in nursing research

Clinical nursing and midwifery research: grey literature in African countries.

AIM: This study reviewed grey literature to assess clinical nursing and midwifery research conducted in southern and eastern African countries over the past decade. BACKGROUND: The shortage of published nursing research from African countries severely limits the ability of practicing nurses and midwives to base clinical decisions on solid evidence. However, little is known regarding unpublished or unindexed clinical research ('grey literature'), a potentially rich source of information. Identifying these sources may reveal resources to assist nurses in providing evidence-based care. INTRODUCTION: This scoping review of grey literature on clinical nursing and midwifery research in southern and eastern African countries helped to identify gaps in research and assess whether these gaps differ from published research. METHODS: Systematic searches of grey literature were performed. Research was included if it was conducted by nurses in 1 of 25 southern or eastern African countries, between 2004 and 2014 and included patient outcomes. Data were extracted on location, institution, research topic, institutional connections and author information. Chi-square tests were performed to compare differences between indexed and non-indexed literature. RESULTS: We found 262 studies by 287 authors from 17 southern and eastern African countries covering 13 topics. Although all topics were also found in indexed literature and there were statistically significant differences between the number of times, fewer topics were covered in grey literature vs. indexed. DISCUSSION: Patient satisfaction and experience and traditional health practices were more likely to be published, whereas chronic disease, assault and paediatric-related research were less often published. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: Generally, there is a paucity of clinical nursing research in this region. This could reflect the shortage of nurses prepared to conduct research in this region. Nurses may find additional resources for evidence in the grey literature. A complete understanding of the state of nursing science in southern and eastern African countries will help nurses and midwives to understand gaps in clinical research knowledge, potentially direct their research to more critical topics, and inform funding bodies and policy-makers of the situation of nursing science in southern and eastern African countries.

Nurses' Perceptions of Futile Care: A Qualitative Study.

Health care professionals believe that futile care must not be provided; however, there is no clear agreement over the definition and the manifestations of futile care. The aim of this study was to explore Iranian nurses' perceptions of futile care. In this qualitative exploratory study, the conventional content analysis approach was used for collecting and analyzing the study data. Three main themes were extracted from the data: nonfutility of care: care tantamount with outcome; sense of burnout; and subjectivity and relativity of medical futility concept.

Global Nursing Issues and Development: Analysis of World Health Organization Documents.

PURPOSE: To analyze World Health Organization (WHO) documents to identify global nursing issues and development. DESIGN: Qualitative content analysis. METHODS: Documents published by the six WHO regions between 2007 and 2012 and with key words related to nurse/midwife or nursing/midwifery were included. Themes, categories, and subcategories were derived. The final coding reached 80% agreement among three independent coders, and the final coding for the discrepant coding was reached by consensus. FINDINGS: Thirty-two documents from the regions of Europe (n = 19), the Americas (n = 6), the Western Pacific (n = 4), Africa (n = 1), the Eastern Mediterranean (n = 1), and Southeast Asia (n = 1) were examined. A total of 385 units of analysis dispersed in 31 subcategories under four themes were derived. The four themes derived (number of unit of analysis, %) were Management & Leadership (206, 53.5), Practice (75, 19.5), Education (70, 18.2), and Research (34, 8.8). CONCLUSIONS: The key nursing issues of concern at the global level are workforce, the impacts of nursing in health care, professional status, and education of nurses. International alliances can help advance nursing, but the visibility of nursing in the WHO needs to be strengthened. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Organizational leadership is important in order to optimize the use of nursing competence in practice and inform policy makers regarding the value of nursing to promote people's health.