RESUMEN
Friend murine leukemia virus (FMuLv) is an acutely oncogenic retrovirus, and its infection leads to erythroblastosis and leukemia in mice. This infection model is used in the search for new antiviral agents. In the present study, the authors have evaluated the potential of an extract of Phyllanthus amarus against FMuLv-induced erythroleukemia in BALB/c mice. Injection of newborn mice with FMuLv resulted in leukemia and animals died due to splenomegaly. Oral administration of P.amarus was found to enhance the life span of leukemia-harboring animals and decrease the incidence of anemia. The authors also performed a series of hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and gene expression analyses to evaluate the effect of P.amarus administration on erythroleukemia initiation and progression. The data obtained indicate that P.amarus administration could significantly decrease the progression of erythroleukemia. Treatment with P.amarus induced the expression of p53 and p45NFE2 and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 in the spleen of infected mice. Histopathological evaluations of the spleen demonstrated that administration of P.amarus decreased the infiltration of leukemic cells into the sinusoidal space when compared with the vehicle treated group. P.amarus is known to inhibit chemically induced neoplasm in different rodent models.The current results indicate that P.amarus has the ability to suppress virally induced cancers as well.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Leucemia Murina de Friend , Leucemia Eritroblástica Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Phyllanthus/química , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Retroviridae/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/tratamiento farmacológico , Anemia/sangre , Anemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Recuento de Células Sanguíneas , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Transformación Celular Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Expresión Génica/genética , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Leucemia Eritroblástica Aguda/sangre , Leucemia Eritroblástica Aguda/patología , Leucemia Experimental/sangre , Leucemia Experimental/patología , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/patología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Subunidad p45 del Factor de Transcripción NF-E2/genética , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/genética , Infecciones por Retroviridae/sangre , Infecciones por Retroviridae/patología , Infecciones por Retroviridae/virología , Bazo/efectos de los fármacos , Bazo/metabolismo , Bazo/patología , Análisis de Supervivencia , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/sangre , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/patología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virología , Ácido Úrico/sangreRESUMEN
1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25D(3)) is a powerful differentiation agent, which has potential for treatment of myeloid leukemias and other types of cancer, but the calcemia produced by pharmacologically active doses precludes the use of this agent in the clinic. We have shown that carnosic acid, the major rosemary polyphenol, enhances the differentiating and antiproliferative effects of low concentrations of 1,25D(3) in human myeloid leukemia cell lines (HL60, U937). Here we translated these findings to in vivo conditions using a syngeneic mouse leukemia tumor model. To this end, we first demonstrated that as in HL60 cells, differentiation of WEHI-3B D(-) murine myelomonocytic leukemia cells induced by 1 nM 1,25D(3) or its low-calcemic analog, 1,25-dihydroxy-16-ene-5,6-trans-cholecalciferol (Ro25-4020), can be synergistically potentiated by carnosic acid (10 microM) or the carnosic acid-rich ethanolic extract of rosemary leaves. This effect was accompanied by cell cycle arrest in G0 + G1 phase and a marked inhibition of cell growth. In the in vivo studies, i.p. injections of 2 microg Ro25-4020 in Balb/c mice bearing WEHI-3B D(-) tumors produced a significant delay in tumor appearance and reduction in tumor size, without significant toxicity. Another analog, 1,25-dihydroxy-16,23Z-diene-20-epi-26,27-hexafluoro-19-nor-cholecalciferol (Ro26-3884) administered at the same dose was less effective than Ro25-4020 and profoundly toxic. Importantly, combined treatment with 1% dry rosemary extract (mixed with food) and 1 microg Ro25-4020 resulted in a strong cooperative antitumor effect, without inducing hypercalcemia. These results indicate for the first time that a plant polyphenolic preparation and a vitamin D derivative can cooperate not only in inducing leukemia cell differentiation in vitro, but also in the antileukemic activity in vivo. These data may suggest novel protocols for chemoprevention or differentiation therapy of myeloid leukemia.
Asunto(s)
Abietanos/farmacología , Anticarcinógenos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Colecalciferol/análogos & derivados , Leucemia Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Mielomonocítica Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Rosmarinus , Abietanos/efectos adversos , Animales , Anticarcinógenos/efectos adversos , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Calcio/sangre , Colecalciferol/efectos adversos , Colecalciferol/farmacología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Flavonoides , Leucemia Experimental/sangre , Leucemia Mieloide/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Mielomonocítica Aguda/sangre , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Fenoles , Extractos Vegetales/efectos adversos , Preparaciones de Plantas/farmacología , Polifenoles , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
A comparative study has been performed on the relationship between vitamin E and immunofunction in normal and malignant condition in human and murine systems. Further, the effects of supplemental vitamin E on tumor take, host survival and tumor growth have been studied in a transplantable lymphoma in mice. Vitamin E was assayed in serum samples from normal subjects and from patients with leukemia and lymphoma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The murine group included Dalton's ascitic lymphoma (DL), Schwartz lymphoblastic leukemia (SVL) and Moloney lymphoblastic leukemia (MVL). Serum vitamin E was found to be lower than that of the normal controls in all cases of leukemia and lymphoma both in human and animal system. The levels of immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) were found to be higher in mice with leukemia and lymphoma. Supplementary vitamin E administered at the initial phase of development of murine lymphomas reduced the rate of tumor growth, improved host survival and elevated serum vitamin E level. Vitamin E supplementation also activated specific mitogen induced blastogenesis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and elevated serum IgG level. IgM remained unaltered and macrophage activity did not seem to be affected. The present findings indicated a low status of vitamin E in tumor bearing host and a beneficial effect of supplemental vitamin E on the host which was mediated by the host immune system.
Asunto(s)
Leucemia Experimental/sangre , Leucemia/sangre , Linfoma/sangre , Vitamina E/sangre , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Leucemia/inmunología , Leucemia Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Experimental/patología , Leucemia Linfoide/sangre , Leucemia Linfoide/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Linfoide/patología , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/sangre , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/sangre , Linfoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfoma/patología , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/sangre , Valores de Referencia , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Vitamina E/uso terapéuticoAsunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Vacuna BCG/farmacología , Clenbuterol/farmacología , Hematopoyesis/efectos de los fármacos , Leucemia Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Virus Rauscher , Suramina/farmacología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Vacuna BCG/uso terapéutico , Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Clenbuterol/uso terapéutico , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Femenino , Leucemia Experimental/sangre , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Suramina/uso terapéutico , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: By using fluorescence polarization technology, the authors have studied variations in the membrane fluidity of red blood cell and spleen lymphocytes of the mice with lymphatic leukemia (L7212) untreated or treated by the compound tonic of traditional Chinese medicine decoction of reinforcing Qi and nourishing Yin and decoction of reinforcing Qi and nourishing blood. It was not only confirmed that the membrane fluidity of malignant lymphocytes increased more greatly, but also discovered that the variations could appear in early period of leukemia. The membrane fluidity of lymphocytes of the mice with leukemia treated by the herbal tonic could drop to normal level. But the membrane fluidity of the red blood cell between the normal mice (615) and the leukemia mice (L7212), untreated or treated by the herbal tonic, had no significant difference. RESULT: the above mentioned suggests the herbal tonic could resist leukemia by reducing the membrane fluidity of the lymphocytes and improving structure and function of the membrane.
Asunto(s)
Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Leucemia Experimental/sangre , Fluidez de la Membrana/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Membrana Eritrocítica/efectos de los fármacos , Leucemia Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos , Bazo/patologíaRESUMEN
Condensation of rubomycin (daunorubicin) with respective hydrazides yielded novel substituted hydrazones: 13-cyanoacetyl hydrazone rubomycin, 13-L-phenylalanyl hydrazone rubomycin, 13-BOC-3-(uracilyl-1)-DL-alanyl hydrazone rubomycin and 13-BOC-3-(adenylyl-9)-DL-alanyl hydrazone rubomycin. With successive treatment of rubomycin with hydrazine hydrate and respective ketones novel asymmetric azines were prepared: 13-cyclopentylidene hydrazone rubomycin, 13-alpha,alpha'-dimethyl-cyclopentylidene hydrazone rubomycin and 13-(1-phenylethylidene-1) hydrazone rubomycin. 14-Adenylyl-N9-rubomycin was synthesized by interaction of 14-bromorubomycin with adenine and hydrogenation of its analog, 14-N-imidazolyl rubomycin by sodium borhydrite yielded 13-dihydro-14-N-imidazolyl rubomycin. There was observed correlation between the antimicrobial activity of the derivatives against B. mycoides and their cytostatic effect on the cells of murine leukemia NK/LI. The high in vitro activity of 13-cyclopentylidene hydrazone rubomycin showed satisfactory correlation with the results of the study on the antitumor effect in animals.
Asunto(s)
Bacillus/efectos de los fármacos , Daunorrubicina/síntesis química , Hidrazonas/síntesis química , Leucemia Experimental/sangre , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Daunorrubicina/química , Daunorrubicina/farmacología , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Hidrazonas/química , Hidrazonas/farmacología , Técnicas In Vitro , Recuento de Leucocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos/patología , RatonesRESUMEN
Three analogs of thymidine, D4T [2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine; 1-(2,3-dideoxy-beta-D-glyceropent-2-enofuranosyl)thymine], FddT (3'-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine), and AZT (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine), were compared in biological tests designed to assess their potential utility as anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agents. The in vitro potencies of these compounds against HIV infection in CEM cells were measured, with FddT and AZT being more potent than D4T. The cytotoxicities of D4T, FddT, and AZT for CEM cells were comparable. The triphosphates of these three derivatives inhibited purified HIV reverse transcriptase, and their affinities for this polymerase were found to be 1 or 2 orders of magnitude greater than that for the normal substrate, dTTP. D4T was less toxic than FddT or AZT for cultured human and mouse bone marrow cells (granulocyte-macrophage CFU). The three compounds had similar toxicities for human progenitor erythrocyte burst-forming units. In a 30-day mouse toxicity study, AZT and FddT produced a similar spectrum of hematopoietic toxicities. These toxic effects occurred at much lower doses of FddT than of AZT. At the higher doses of FddT, a significant incidence of lethality occurred. By contrast, D4T was considerably less toxic than both AZT and FddT in this study. The dose-limiting toxicity of D4T in mice was hepatotoxicity. The very different phosphorylation patterns of D4T, its lower toxicity, and its comparable potency relative to FddT and AZT suggest that the potential of D4T as an anti-HIV agent should be further explored.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Didesoxinucleósidos/uso terapéutico , VIH-1/efectos de los fármacos , Leucemia Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Zidovudina/uso terapéutico , Administración Oral , Animales , Antivirales/toxicidad , Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Didesoxinucleósidos/toxicidad , VIH-1/enzimología , Leucemia Experimental/sangre , Masculino , Ratones , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Retroviridae/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de la Transcriptasa Inversa , Estavudina , Zidovudina/toxicidadRESUMEN
The concentration of reactive cyclophosphamide metabolites (CP) and the time of their circulation in blood plasma of mice increase during artificial hyperglycemia (HG). Intensification of the antitumor CP activity against a background of HG in C57Bl/6 mice with hemocytoblastosis La may be a result of changes in the drug pharmacokinetics. An inhibitory action of HG on the CP-metabolizing system of the liver monooxygenases is shown.