RESUMEN
Recent studies have shown that dietary creatine supplementation can prevent lipid accumulation in the liver. Creatine is a small molecule that plays a large role in energy metabolism, but since the enzyme creatine kinase is not present in the liver, the classical role in energy metabolism does not hold in this tissue. Fat accumulation in the liver can lead to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a progressive disease that is prevalent in humans. We have previously reported that creatine can directly influence lipid metabolism in cell culture to promote lipid secretion and oxidation. Our goal in the current study was to determine whether similar mechanisms that occur in cell culture were present in vivo. We also sought to determine whether dietary creatine supplementation could be effective in reversing steatosis. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet or a high-fat diet supplemented with creatine for 5 weeks. We found that rats supplemented with creatine had significantly improved rates of lipoprotein secretion and alterations in mitochondrial function that were consistent with greater oxidative capacity. We also find that introducing creatine into a high-fat diet halted hepatic lipid accumulation in rats with fatty liver. Our results support our previous report that liver cells in culture with creatine secrete and oxidize more oleic acid, demonstrating that dietary creatine can effectively change hepatic lipid metabolism by increasing lipoprotein secretion and oxidation in vivo. Our data suggest that creatine might be an effective therapy for NAFLD.
Asunto(s)
Creatina/uso terapéutico , Suplementos Dietéticos , Lipoproteínas/metabolismo , Lipotrópicos/uso terapéutico , Hígado/metabolismo , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/dietoterapia , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , Animales , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Ésteres del Colesterol/sangre , Ésteres del Colesterol/metabolismo , Creatina/efectos adversos , Citocinas/sangre , Citocinas/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Suplementos Dietéticos/efectos adversos , Represión Enzimática , Mediadores de Inflamación/sangre , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Gotas Lipídicas/metabolismo , Gotas Lipídicas/patología , Lipoproteínas/sangre , Lipotrópicos/efectos adversos , Hígado/inmunología , Hígado/patología , Mitocondrias Hepáticas/inmunología , Mitocondrias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Mitocondrias Hepáticas/patología , ATPasas de Translocación de Protón Mitocondriales/antagonistas & inhibidores , ATPasas de Translocación de Protón Mitocondriales/genética , ATPasas de Translocación de Protón Mitocondriales/metabolismo , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/inmunología , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/metabolismo , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/patología , Tamaño de los Órganos , Oxidación-Reducción , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Triglicéridos/sangre , Canales Aniónicos Dependientes del Voltaje/antagonistas & inhibidores , Canales Aniónicos Dependientes del Voltaje/genética , Canales Aniónicos Dependientes del Voltaje/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) is reported to improve dyslipidemia and hypertension; however, its effect on inflammatory biomarkers and insulin resistance has not been noticed thus far. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a hepatic symptom of metabolic syndrome is strongly associated with insulin resistance and inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY: In the current interventional trial, we aimed to study the effects of C. vulgaris supplementation on glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with NAFLD. METHODS: Seventy NAFLD patients confirmed by ultra-sonographic findings were randomly assigned into intervention group (four 300 mg tablets of C. vulgaris) or placebo group (four 300 mg tablets of placebos) for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, liver enzymes, fasting serum glucose (FSG), insulin, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were assessed and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) score for insulin resistance was estimated before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Anthropometric measurements decreased significantly in both group (p < 0.001). However, mean reduction in weight was significantly higher in C. vulgaris - treated group compared to placebo group. Serum concentrations of liver enzymes, FSG and hs-CRP also significantly decreased and serum insulin concentration and HOMA score increased significantly only in C. vulgaris-treated group (P < 0.001, P < 0.006 and P < 0.025, respectively). Mean change in serum glucose and TNF-α levels were significant between the groups even after adjusting for the serum insulin and baseline values of variables (P = 0.014, P = 0.005, P = 0.014, respectively); between-group differences were not significant for the other variables by the end of study. CONCLUSION: To our finding, C. vulgaris supplementation could be considered as an adjunctive therapy to decrease weight and improve glycemic status and reducing hs-CRP as well as improving liver function in patients with NAFLD. IRCT NUMBER: 201202233320N7.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Productos Biológicos/uso terapéutico , Chlorella vulgaris/química , Suplementos Dietéticos , Resistencia a la Insulina , Microalgas/química , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/dietoterapia , Adulto , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/efectos adversos , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/efectos adversos , Productos Biológicos/efectos adversos , Biomarcadores/sangre , Suplementos Dietéticos/efectos adversos , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/sangre , Análisis de Intención de Tratar , Irán , Lipotrópicos/efectos adversos , Lipotrópicos/uso terapéutico , Hígado/diagnóstico por imagen , Hígado/inmunología , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/fisiopatología , Perdida de Seguimiento , Masculino , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/complicaciones , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/inmunología , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/metabolismo , Pacientes Desistentes del TratamientoRESUMEN
AIM: We evaluated the potential preventive and therapeutic effects of Crataegus aronia (C. aronia) in NAFLD induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in rat models. METHODS: Protective effect of Crataegus aronia or simvastatin was investigated in Wistar rats fed either low-fat diet (LFD) or HFD. RESULTS: Liver histopathological examinations confirmed the development of NAFLD in rats fed HFD. In both protective and therapeutic treatments, C. aronia significantly reduced liver index (3.85 ± 0.21% in HFD plus aronia group versus 6.22 ± 0.58% in HFD model group), increased the HDL-cholesterol and reduced the LDL-cholesterol in blood. The hawthorn plant also significantly ameliorated oxidative stress biomarker (p < 0.002) and liver enzymes (p < 0.0001) that indicate liver damage. CONCLUSION: C. aronia exhibits therapeutic and protective effects on NAFLD in an animal model possibly by its lipid lowering and antioxidant effects; thus, may offer therapeutic potential in humans.
Asunto(s)
Anticolesterolemiantes/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Lipotrópicos/uso terapéutico , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/prevención & control , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Animales , Anticolesterolemiantes/efectos adversos , Anticolesterolemiantes/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/efectos adversos , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , HDL-Colesterol/agonistas , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/antagonistas & inhibidores , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Crataegus/efectos adversos , Crataegus/química , Crataegus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Dieta con Restricción de Grasas , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Jordania , Lipotrópicos/efectos adversos , Lipotrópicos/aislamiento & purificación , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Hígado/fisiopatología , Masculino , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/patología , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/fisiopatología , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas/química , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Extractos Vegetales/efectos adversos , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Wistar , Simvastatina/efectos adversos , Simvastatina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry (clove) bud is an important spice used in the preparation of several delicacies and in folklore for diabetes management. The present study was convened to assess the effects of dietary clove bud powder (CBP) on biochemical parameters in a type 2 diabetes rat model, induced by a combination of high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin (35 mg kg⻹) for 30 days. RESULTS: Diabetic rats were placed on dietary regimen containing 20-40 g kg⻹ clove bud powder. The results revealed that there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in the average feed intake and weight changes between the rat groups. Furthermore, supplementation with CBP gradually reduced blood glucose level in diabetic rat compared to control diabetic rats without CBP supplementation (DBC). Moreover, reduced activity of α-glucosidase was observed in CBP and metformin-treated rat groups when compared to that of the DBC rat group. In addition, the DBC group had significantly (P < 0.05) higher lipid concentrations (except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) when compared to all other groups. Furthermore, CBP had significantly (P < 0.05) reduced activity of liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) and showed elevated levels of antioxidant status (glutathione, ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase and catalase). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the clove bud diet may attenuate hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in the type 2 diabetic condition.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Suplementos Dietéticos , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/dietoterapia , Preparaciones de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Syzygium/química , Animales , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/efectos adversos , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatología , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Suplementos Dietéticos/efectos adversos , Etnofarmacología , Flores/química , Flores/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hipoglucemiantes/administración & dosificación , Hipoglucemiantes/efectos adversos , Hipolipemiantes/administración & dosificación , Hipolipemiantes/efectos adversos , Lipotrópicos/administración & dosificación , Lipotrópicos/efectos adversos , Lipotrópicos/uso terapéutico , Hígado/enzimología , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/fisiopatología , Masculino , Medicinas Tradicionales Africanas , Nigeria , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/complicaciones , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/metabolismo , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/fisiopatología , Estrés Oxidativo , Fitoterapia/efectos adversos , Preparaciones de Plantas/administración & dosificación , Preparaciones de Plantas/efectos adversos , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Wistar , Syzygium/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
The prevalence of obesity is associated with many health-related problems. Currently, more than 300 million people are considered to be obese. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), by 2030, 87 and 439 million people will be affected in India and the world, respectively. Today, herbal medicines are gaining interest in the treatment of obesity and diabetes, because of their minimal side effects. Gymnemic acid - an active component isolated from Gymnema sylvestre - has anti-obesity and antidiabetic properties, decreases body weight and also inhibits glucose absorption. Several components extracted from Gymnema prevent the accumulation of triglycerides in muscle and liver, and also decrease fatty acid accumulation in the circulation. In this paper, an attempt has been made to review the effects of various extracts from Gymnema sylvestre in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in both animal and clinical studies.