Posibilidades, mecanismos de acción y retos de la terapéutica con campo electromagnético de extremada baja frecuencia contra la psoriasis / Possibilities, action mechanisms and challenges of therapy with electromagnetic field of extremely low frequency against psoriasis

Se exponen los elementos fundamentales encontrados en artículos originales, así como en sitios web especializados, actualizados y validados como confiables respecto al tema de los campos electromagnéticos. En el artículo se analizan algunos de los mecanismos físicos (primarios) de los campos electromagnéticos de extremada baja frecuencia (ELF-EMF por sus siglas en inglés de extremely low frequency-electromagnetic field) sobre las estructuras biológicas, pero también las evidencias sobre los efectos biológicos (secundarios) de estos campos, ejercidos sobre determinados tipos de tejidos, que pudieran explicar los resultados con el empleo de esta terapéutica en pacientes afectados por psoriasis(AU)

The fundamental elements found in original articles, as well as in specialized web sites, updated and validated as reliable regarding the topic of the electromagnetic fields are exposed. Some of the physical mechanisms (primary) of the extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF extremely low frequency electromagnetic field, according to its initials in English) on the biological structures are analyzed in the paper. Evidences on the biological effects (secondary) of these fields on certain types of tissues that could explain the results with the use of this therapy in the treatment of patients affected by psoriasis are also analyzed(AU)

Avaliação histológica e bioquímica do reparo ósseo em crânio de ratos após implantes de cimento de fosfato de cálcio (MIMIX™) sob campo magnético permanente / Histological and biochemical evaluation of bone repair in rats skull after calcium phosphate cement implants (MIMIX™) under permanent magnetic field

Objetivo: avaliar histológica e bioquimicamente o reparo ósseo em crânios de ratos sob campo magnético, permanente e estático, após enxerto ósseo autógeno ou implante de cimento de fosfato de cálcio (Mimix™). Materiais e Métodos: 65 animais, divididos em grupos com cinco animais cada, nos quais foram confeccionados defeitos ósseos com tamanho de 5,0 mm, realizados no crânio de ratos Wistar. Os animais foram submetidos a quatro diferentes intervenções: enxerto ósseo autógeno, implante de cimento de fosfato de cálcio (Mimix™), ambos com e sem campo magnético sepultado, permanente e estático, com intensidade variável entre 43,72 G, 66,20 G e 73,40 G, nos três diferentes pontos mensurados no interior do defeito ósseo. Foi realizada análise histológica histométrica (transversal e longitudinal) da quantidade de tecido ósseo neoformado no interior do defeito ósseo e análise histológica descritiva dos defeitos ósseos em 15, 30 e 60 dias pós-operatórios. Realizou-se análise da atividade sistêmica da enzima fosfatase alcalina nos mesmos tempos operatórios, sendo o grupo Naive (sem intervenção cirúrgica) o controle fisiológico da atividade desta enzima. Resultados: O reparo ósseo não apresentou diferenças estatísticas entre enxerto ósseo autógeno e implantes de cimento de fosfato de cálcio. Não foi observada diferença histológica no reparo ósseo entre os grupos com e sem a presença de campo magnético estático em relação a quantidade de tecido ósseo neoformado na análise histométrica transversal. Longitudinalmente, a histometria evidenciou diferenças na quantidade de tecido ósseo neoformado entre os grupos de 15 e 60 dias pós-operatórios com enxerto ósseo autógeno sob estimulação magnética. A enzima fosfatase alcalina apresentou atividade mais elevada no tempo de 30 dias pós-operatórios. Neste mesmo tempo pós-operatório, os grupos com aplicação de campo magnético apresentaram atividade enzimática inferior aos grupos sem influência magnética. Conclusão: o implante...

Objective: To evaluate histologically and biochemically the bone repair in the rat skull under magnetic field, permanent and static, after autogenous bone graft or calcium phosphate cement implant (Mimix™). Materials and Methods: 65 animals divided into groups of five animals each, which were made bone defects with 5.0 mm diameter, made in the skull of Wistar rats. The animals were subjected to four different interventions: autogenous bone graft, calcium phosphate cement implant (Mimix™), both with and without magnetic field buried, permanent and static, with intensity ranging from 43.72 G, 66.20 G and 73.40 G, in the three different points measured into the bone defect. Histometric histological, longitudinal and transversal, analyses were performed the amount of newly formed bone tissue into the bone defect and descriptive histological analysis of bone defects in 15, 30 and 60 days postoperatively. Analysis of the systemic activity of alkaline phosphatase enzyme was performed in the same operative times, and the Naive group (without surgery) was physiological control of this enzyme activity. Results: The bone repair did not show statistical differences between autogenous bone graft and calcium phosphate cement implants. No histologically difference was observed in bone healing between the groups with and without the presence of static magnetic field for the amount of newly formed bone tissue in histometric transversal analysis. Longitudinal, the histometric analysis shown significant differences in newly bone formation between 15 and 60 autogenous bone under magnetic field. The enzyme alkaline phosphatase showed higher activity in the time of 30 days after surgery. In this same post-operative time, the groups with magnetic field application shown lower enzymatic activity than the groups without magnetic influence. Conclusion: The implant...

Reparo ósseo após enxerto ósseo autógeno e implante de hidroxiapatita absorvível granulada sob influência de campo magnético estático: estudo experimental em calvária de ratos / Bone repair after autogenous bone graft and absorbable hydroxyapatite implant under static magnetic field influence: a study in rat calvaria

Proposição: avaliar histológica e bioquimicamente o efeito de enxerto ósseo autógeno e implante de hidroxiapatita (HA) sintética (HAP 91®), sob influência de campo magnético estático, no reparo ósseo na calvária de ratos. Materiais e métodos: utilizaram-se defeitos críticos de 5 mm realizados na calvária de 60 ratos Wistar. Os animais foram submetidos a quatro diferentes intervenções: enxerto ósseo autógeno ou implante de HA, com e sem a presença de campo magnético estático, sepultado, com intensidade entre 40 e 70 G. Foi realizada análise histológica histométrica e descritiva dos defeitos ósseos em 15, 30 e 60 dias pós-operatórios. Realizou-se análise da atividade sistêmica da enzima fosfatase alcalina nos mesmos tempos operatórios. Para controle bioquímico utilizaram-se cinco animais (Naive). Resultados: o reparo ósseo foi mais acelerado no grupo de enxerto autógeno sob influência de campo magnetico do que no mesmo grupo sem influência magnética. O enxerto ósseo autógeno demonstrou reparo ósseo superior ao implante de HA. A atividade da enzima fosfatase alcalina teve sua maior expressividade em 30 dias pós-operatórios. Neste mesmo tempo operatório, os grupos com aplicação de campo magnético apresentaram atividade enzimática inferior aos grupos sem tal influência. Conclusões: o implante de HA demonstrou ser inferior ao enxerto ósseo autógeno no reparo ósseo. O campo magnético estático não causou influência sobre o reparo ósseo. A enzima fosfatase alcalina teve sua atividade diminuída em 30 dias pós-operatórios pela influência do campo magnético estático.

Purpose: to evaluate histologically and biochemically the effect of autogenous bone graft and synthetic hidroxiapatite (HA) implant (HAP 91®), under static magnetic field influence, on bone healing in rat calvaria. Materials e methods: 5-mm critical-size defects were created in each calvarium of 60 Wistar rats. They were submitted into four different interventions: autogenous bone graft or HA implant, with or without static magnetic field influence with intensity ranging from 40 to 70 G. Histometric and descriptive analysis of the bone defects were performed in 15, 30 and 60 days after surgery. At the same times, the systemic activity of alkalin phosphatase was measured. Five animals (Naive) were used as biochemical control. Results: bone healing was faster in the autogenous bone graft group under magnetic field stimulation than in the same group without the magnetic influence. The autogenous bone graft showed better results for bone healing than the HA implant. Alkalin phosphatase activity had its higher expression in 30 days after surgery. At this time the groups under magnetic stimulation had lower alkalin phosphatase activity than the groups without magnetic field influence. Conclusions: the HA implant showed worse bone healing than the autogenous bone graft. The static magnetic field did not cause any influence on bone healing. alkalin phosphatase had its activity lowered in 30 days after surgery in the groups under magnetic field influence.

Efectividad del tratamiento con campos magnéticos oscilantes de ultrabaja frecuencia en el tratamiento de la inflamación pélvica

Desde la antigüedad, griegos, romanos y chinos utilizaron los campos magnéticos con fines terapéuticos, en Cuba se introduce y difunde en la década de los 80. Realizamos un ensayo clínico fase III aleatorizado, estratificado, con un diseño en paralelo que interesó a 468 pacientes con el diagnóstico de enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica, atendidas en el servicio de sepsis del Hospital Materno Norte Tamara Bunke Bider, desde agosto del 2004 hasta julio del 2006, con el fin de precisar la efectividad y seguridad del tratamiento con campos magnéticos oscilantes. Se definieron criterios para medir efectividad, utilizando parámetros clínicos y análisis complementarios. Se describieron las reacciones adversas ocurridas para ambas modalidades terapéuticas. Se demostró que la terapéutica con campos magnéticos oscilantes mediante el inductor local Nak-02 fue segura y efectiva en el tratamiento de la enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica tumoral, logrando la recuperación del estado de salud de las pacientes en menor tiempo y con una menor incidencia de reacciones adversas(AU)

[Intraoperative ultrasound diagnosis in the removal of intraocular foreign bodies].

The paper provides a rationale and indications for diascleral removal of foreign bodies from the anterior chamber of the eyeball, by intraoperatively using ultrasound study. The clinical material presents 148 cases of diascleral removal of foreign (49 magnetic and 49 amagnetic) bodes impacted into the tunics of the anterior eye without evident opacities of optical media and without signs of endophthalmitis. The paper provides a pathogenetic rationale for the method that is lowly traumatic and highly effective (foreign bodies being removed in 99.9% of cases) due to the high precision of location of a scleral cut in the projection of foreign body bedding owing to intraoperative sound usage. A model clinical case of fragment removal is also shown in the paper. The specific features of criteria for using the method are described, by taking into account the anatomic characteristics of orbital eyeball location.

Magnetic nanoparticles for gene and drug delivery.

Investigations of magnetic micro- and nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery began over 30 years ago. Since that time, major progress has been made in particle design and synthesis techniques, however, very few clinical trials have taken place. Here we review advances in magnetic nanoparticle design, in vitro and animal experiments with magnetic nanoparticle-based drug and gene delivery, and clinical trials of drug targeting.

Reversal in multidrug resistance by magnetic nanoparticle of Fe3O4 loaded with adriamycin and tetrandrine in K562/A02 leukemic cells.

Drug resistance is a primary hindrance for efficiency of chemotherapy. To investigate whether Fe3O4-magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4-MNPs) loaded with adriamycin (ADM) and tetrandrine (Tet) would play a synergetic reverse role in multidrug resistant cell, we prepared the drug-loaded nanoparticles by mechanical absorption polymerization to act with K562 and one of its resistant cell line K562/A02. The survival of cells which were cultured with these conjugates for 48 h was observed by MTT assay. Using cells under the same condition described before, we took use of fluorescence microscope to measure fluorescence intensity of intracellular ADM at an excitation wavelength of488 nm. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was analyzed with flow cytometer. The expression ofmdrl mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. The results showed that the growth inhibition efficacy of both the two cells increased with augmenting concentrations of Fe3O4-MNPs which were loaded with drugs. No linear correlation was found between fluorescence intensity of intracellular adriamycin and augmenting concentration of Fe3O4-MNPs. Tet could downregulate the level of mdr-1 gene and decrease the expression of P-gp. Furthermore, Tet polymerized with Fe3O4-MNPs reinforced this downregulation, causing a 100-fold more decrease in mdrl mRNA level, but did not reduce total P-gp content. Our results suggest that Fe3O4-MNPs loaded with ADM or Tet can enhance the effective accumulation of the drugs in K562/A02. We propose that Fe3O4-MNPs loaded with ADM and Tet probably have synergetic effect on reversal in multidrug resistance.

Remote magnetic navigation-assisted catheter ablation enhances catheter stability and ablation success with lower catheter temperatures.

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that remote magnetic navigation (RMN) may provide enhanced catheter stability and substrate contact to aid in ablation. To date, no study has examined this claim. Accordingly, we compared the characteristics of the successful ablation of atrioventricular reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) using RMN with a matched population ablated using a conventional (CON) manual approach. METHODS: Sixteen patients who underwent RMN-assisted ablation of typical AVNRT were matched with 16 patients who had a CON-AVNRT ablation. RESULTS: All patients had successful slow pathway modification without complication. The mean catheter temperature achieved with the successful ablation was significantly lower with RMN than with CON (42 +/- 7 degrees C vs 47 +/- 3 degrees C, P

[Posttraumatic disturbances in patients with light craniocerebral injury and their correction via various variants of dynamic magnetotherapy].

Examination of 90 patients in intermediate period of slight craniocerebral injury before and after use of curative technologies with including of dynamic magnetotherapy suboccipitally or transcranially. It is established, that choosing rehabilitation methods, it is necessary to take into consideration clinical manifestation of disease, state of cerebral blood circulation, vegetative nervous system, bioelectrogenesis of cerebrum.

Craniosacral therapy for migraine: protocol development for an exploratory controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Migraine affects approximately 20% of the population. Conventional care for migraine is suboptimal; overuse of medications for the treatment of episodic migraines is a risk factor for developing chronic daily headache. The study of non-pharmaceutical approaches for prevention of migraine headaches is therefore warranted. Craniosacral therapy (CST) is a popular non-pharmacological approach to the treatment or prevention of migraine headaches for which there is limited evidence of safety and efficacy. In this paper, we describe an ongoing feasibility study to assess the safety and efficacy of CST in the treatment of migraine, using a rigorous and innovative randomized controlled study design involving low-strength static magnets (LSSM) as an attention control intervention. METHODS: The trial is designed to test the hypothesis that, compared to those receiving usual care plus a treatment with low-strength static magnets (attention-control complementary therapy), subjects receiving usual medical care plus CST will demonstrate significant improvement in: quality-of-life as measured by the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6); reduced frequency of migraine; and a perception of clinical benefit. Criteria for inclusion are either gender, age > 11, English or Spanish speaking, meeting the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) criteria for migraine with or without aura, a headache frequency of 5 to 15 per month over at least two years. After an 8 week baseline phase, eligible subjects are randomized to either CST or an attention control intervention, low strength static magnets (LSSM). To evaluate possible therapist bias, videotaped encounters are analyzed to assess for any systematic group differences in interactions with subjects. RESULTS: 169 individuals have been screened for eligibility, of which 109 were eligible for the study. Five did not qualify during the baseline phase because of inadequate headache frequency. Nineteen have withdrawn from the study after giving consent. CONCLUSION: This report endorses the feasibility of undertaking a rigorous randomized clinical trial of CST for migraine using a standardized CST protocol and an innovative control protocol developed for the study. Subjects are able and willing to complete detailed headache diaries during an 8-week baseline period, with few dropouts during the study period, indicating the acceptability of both interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00665236.

Static magnetic field therapy: dosimetry considerations.

The widespread use of static magnetic field (SMF) therapy as a self-care physical intervention has led to the conduct of numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A recent systematic review of SMF trials for pain reduction concluded that the evidence does not support the use of permanent magnets for pain relief. We argue that this conclusion is unwarranted if the SMF dosage was inadequate or inappropriate for the clinical condition treated. The purpose of this communication is to (1) provide a rationale and an explanation for each of 10 essential SMF dosing parameters that should be considered when conducting trials of SMF therapy, and (2) advocate for the conduct of Phase I studies to optimize SMF dosimetry for each condition prior to implementing a large-scale RCT. A previous critical review of SMF dosimetry in 56 clinical studies found that reporting SMF dosages in a majority of those studies was of such poor quality that the magnetic field exposure at the target tissue could not be characterized. Without knowing what magnetic field actually reached the target, it is impossible to judge dosage adequacy. In order to quantify SMF exposure at the site of pathology (target tissue/s), that site must be clearly named; the distance of the permanent magnet surface from the target must be delineated; the physical parameters of the applied permanent magnet must be described; and the dosing regimen must be precisely reported. If the SMF dosimetry is inadequate, any inferences drawn from reported negative findings are questionable.

Exploration of the validity of weak magnets as a suitable placebo in trials of magnetic therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether 50 mT magnetic bracelets would be suitable as a placebo control condition for studying the pain relieving effects of higher strength magnetic bracelets in arthritis. DESIGN: Randomised controlled comparison between groups given either a weak 50 mT or a higher strength 180 mT magnetic bracelets to test. SETTING: Four arthritis support groups in Devon, UK. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixteen people with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Beliefs about group allocation and expectation of benefit. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between groups in beliefs about allocation to the 'active magnet' group. Participants were however more likely to have an expectation of benefit (pain relief) with the higher strength magnetic bracelets. CONCLUSIONS: Asking about perceived group allocation is not sufficient to rule out placebo effects in trials of magnetic bracelets which use weak magnets as a control condition. There are differences in expectation of benefit between different magnet strengths.

Design and characterization of a novel permanent magnet synchronous motor used in a growing prosthesis for young patients with bone cancer.

Approximately 50 child sarcomas are treated with limb salvage surgery each year in the United Kingdom. These children need an extendable implant that can be lengthened periodically to keep pace with the growth in the opposite limb. Surgically, invasive devices have been used for the past 30 years with intrinsic problems of infection and long-term recurrent trauma to the patient. To eliminate problems associated with the invasive device, a noninvasive extendable prosthesis was developed. The magnetically coupled drive technology used for this prosthesis was a synchronous motor with a gear-driven telescoping shaft. In this design the motor configuration was in two parts: a rotating magnet (rotor) that fitted inside the prosthesis where space was limited and the stator, which was an external device used to extend the prosthesis remotely as the patient grew. This compact external drive produced a focused magnetic flux that required no cooling and operated on a single-phase power supply. The extending mechanism in the implant was able to overcome up to 1300 N force, which is the tension force exerted by the soft tissues during the lengthening procedure. The device has been successfully implanted in 50 patients.

Using thermal energy produced by irradiation of Mn-Zn ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (MZF-NPs) for heat-inducible gene expression.

One of the main advantages of gene therapy over traditional therapy is the potential to target the expression of therapeutic genes in desired cells or tissues. To achieve targeted gene expression, we developed a novel heat-inducible gene expression system in which thermal energy generated by Mn-Zn ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (MZF-NPs) under an alternating magnetic field (AMF) was used to activate gene expression. MZF-NPs, obtained by co-precipitation method, were firstly surface modified with cation poly(ethylenimine) (PEI). Then thermodynamic test of various doses of MZF-NPs was preformed in vivo and in vitro. PEI-MZF-NPs showed good DNA binding ability and high transfection efficiency. In AMF, they could rise to a steady temperature. To analyze the heat-induced gene expression under an AMF, we combined P1730OR vector transfection with hyperthermia produced by irradiation of MZF-NPs. By using LacZ gene as a reporter gene and Hsp70 as a promoter, it was demonstrated that expression of a heterogeneous gene could be elevated to 10 to 500-fold over background by moderate hyperthermia (added 12.24 or 25.81 mg MZF-NPs to growth medium) in tissue cultured cells. When injected with 2.6 or 4.6 mg MZF-NPs, the temperature of tumor-bearing nude mice could rise to 39.5 or 42.8 degrees C, respectively, and the beta-gal concentration could increase up to 3.8 or 8.1 mU/mg proteins accordingly 1 day after hyperthermia treatment. Our results therefore supported hyperthermia produced by irradiation of MZF-NPs under an AMF as a feasible approach for targeted heat-induced gene expression. This novel system made use of the relative low Curie point of MZF-NPs to control the in vivo hyperthermia temperature and therefore acquired safe and effective heat-inducible transgene expression.

[Treatment of trophic ulcers of lower limbs with Myliacile and magnetolaserotherapy].

Overall 73 patients with trophic ulcers of lower limbs were treated with wound-healing medication Myliacile and magnetolaserotherapy. The results of clinical, histological and microbiological examinations demonstrate higher efficacy of this therapy compared with combination of Myliacile and laser or Myliacile application only.