High rate of species misidentification reduces the taxonomic certainty of European biodiversity databases of ivies (Hedera L.).

The digitization of natural history specimens and the popularization of citizen science are creating an unprecedented availability of large amounts of biodiversity data. These biodiversity inventories can be severely affected by species misidentification, a source of taxonomic uncertainty that is rarely acknowledged in biodiversity data management. For these reasons, taxonomists debate the use of online repositories to address biological questions at the species level. Hedera L. (ivies) provides an excellent case study as it is well represented in both herbaria and online repositories with thousands of records likely to be affected by high taxonomic uncertainty. We analyze the sources and extent of taxonomic errors in the identification of the European ivy species by reviewing herbarium specimens and find a high misidentification rate (18% on average), which varies between species (maximized in H. hibernica: 55%; H. azorica: 48%; H. iberica: 36%) and regions (maximized in the UK: 38% and Spain: 27%). We find a systematic misidentification of all European ivies with H. helix behind the high misidentification rates in herbaria and warn of even higher rates in online records. We compile a spatial database to overcome the large discrepancies we observed in species distributions between online and morphologically reviewed records.

A real-world data analysis-based study of Chinese medicine treatment patterns after breast cancer surgery.

Based on the real clinical data of Hospital Information System to explore the common clinical syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine after breast cancer surgery, analysis of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of breast cancer after the compatibility law. The real medical records of breast cancer patients after surgery in a tertiary hospital in Sichuan Province were collected and screened to build a medical record database. Python language was used for data preprocessing to remove outliers and fill in missing values. Using International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) Modeler software, Apriori association rules algorithm for data analysis, mining Chinese medicine treatment of breast cancer after common syndromes and the corresponding medication rules. A total of 472 cases of clinical real medical record data were included. Data analysis showed that there were 42 TCM syndromes after breast cancer surgery, of which the highest frequency was liver depression and spleen deficiency, qi deficiency and blood stasis, qi stagnation and blood stasis, qi and blood deficiency, qi and yin deficiency, phlegm and blood stasis. A total of 416 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine were involved. High-frequency drugs included angelica sinensis, coix seed, bupleurum, ginger magnolia bark, keel, oyster, astragalus, platycodon grandiflorum, antler frost, vinegar tortoise shell, poria cocos, lily, Jianqu, Ophiopogon japonicus (Maidong), Shancigu, etc. A total of 18 pairs of commonly used drug combinations were excavated, such as Fushen-Gancao-Chaihu-Angelica, Huangqi-Baishao-Jianghoupu, Chaihu-Huanhua-Maidong-Lily, Baizhu-Huangqi-Maidong, Fuling-Baishao, etc. The clinical syndrome type of traditional Chinese medicine after breast cancer surgery is mainly liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome. The clinical treatment is mainly soothing liver and relieving depression, and harmonizing liver and spleen. Analyze the syndrome type and the corresponding drug compatibility law, and provide decision support for the clinical dialectical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine after breast cancer surgery.

Digital Emergency Management for a Complex One Health Landscape: the Need for Standardization, Integration, and Interoperability.

OBJECTIVE: Planning reliable long-term planning actions to handle disruptive events requires a timely development of technological infrastructures, as well as the set-up of focused strategies for emergency management. The paper aims to highlight the needs for standardization, integration, and interoperability between Accident & Emergency Informatics (A&EI) and One Digital Health (ODH), as fields capable of dealing with peculiar dynamics for a technology-boosted management of emergencies under an overarching One Health panorama. METHODS: An integrative analysis of the literature was conducted to draw attention to specific foci on the correlation between ODH and A&EI, in particular: (i) the management of disruptive events from private smart spaces to diseases spreading, and (ii) the concepts of (health-related) quality of life and well-being. RESULTS: A digitally-focused management of emergency events that tackles the inextricable interconnectedness between humans, animals, and surrounding environment, demands standardization, integration, and systems interoperability. A consistent and finalized process of adoption and implementation of methods and tools from the International Standard Accident Number (ISAN), via findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability (FAIR) data principles, to Medical Informatics and Digital Health Multilingual Ontology (MIMO) - capable of looking at different approaches to encourage the integration between the ODH framework and the A&EI vision, provides a first answer to these needs. CONCLUSIONS: ODH and A&EI look at different scales but with similar goals for converging health and environmental-related data management standards to enable multi-sources, interdisciplinary, and real-time data integration and interoperability. This allows holistic digital health both in routine and emergency events.

Effectiveness of acupuncture for irritable bowel syndrome: Protocol for a scoping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional bowel disorder. Many systematic reviews/meta-analyses indicate that acupuncture and related therapies are effective for IBS. However, the robustness of the results in the systematic reviews and meta-analyses has not been evaluated. This scoping review aims to ascertain the credibility of current evidence of acupuncture therapy for IBS, to provide clinical research investigators with reliable information. METHODS: Searches of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc), and Wanfang Database since the establishment of the database to February 2022. Study selection and data extraction will be conducted by 2 reviewers, and the quality will be assessed by 2 trained reviewers. We will use Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR2) for methodological quality assessment, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for report quality assessment, Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation for the quality of evidence assessment, and the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews for the bias assessment. RESULTS: The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY202210117. CONCLUSION: This scoping review will provide comprehensive evidence of acupuncture for patients with irritable bowel syndrome. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This scoping review does not require ethical approval as it is a secondary assessment of available literature.

Characteristics and quality of clinical practice guidelines addressing acupuncture interventions: a systematic survey of 133 guidelines and 433 acupuncture recommendations.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically summarise acupuncture-related Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs)'s clinical and methodological characteristics and critically appraise their methodology quality. DESIGN: We summarised the characteristics of the guidelines and recommendations and evaluated their methodological quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument. DATA SOURCES: Nine databases were searched from 1 January 2010 to 20 September 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: We included the latest version of acupuncture CPGs, which must have used at least one systematic review addressing the benefits and harms of alternative care options to inform acupuncture recommendations. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Reviewers, working in pairs, independently screened and extracted data. When there are statistical differences among types of CPGs, we reported the data by type in the text, but when not, we reported the overall data. RESULTS: Of the 133 eligible guidelines, musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases proved the most commonly addressed therapeutic areas. According to the AGREE II instrument, the CPG was moderate quality in the domain of clarity of scope and purpose, clarity of presentation, the rigour of development, stakeholder involvement and low quality in editorial independence, and applicability. The study identified 433 acupuncture-related recommendations; 380 recommended the use of acupuncture, 28 recommended against the use of acupuncture and 25 considered acupuncture but did not make recommendations. Of the 303 recommendations that used Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation to determine the strength of recommendations, 152 were weak recommendations, 131 were strong recommendations, of which 104 were supported by low or very low certainty evidence (discordant recommendations). CONCLUSION: In the past 10 years, a large number of CPGs addressing acupuncture interventions exist. Although these guidelines may be as or more rigorous than many others, considerable room for improvement remains.

Traditional East Asian Herbal Medicine for Post-Stroke Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Post-stroke insomnia (PSI) is a highly prevalent complication after stroke. Current evidence of psychotropic drug use for PSI management is scarce and indicates harmful adverse events (AEs). Traditional East Asian herbal medicine is a widely used traditional remedy for insomnia. However, so far, no study has systematically reviewed the efficacy and safety of traditional east asian herbal medicine (HM) for PSI. Therefore, we perform meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of HM for PSI. After a comprehensive electronic search of 15 databases, we review the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of HM use as monotherapy for PSI. Our outcomes were the Pittsburgh sleep quality index and total effective rate. In total, 24 RCTs were conducted with 1942 participants. HM showed statistically significant benefits in sleep quality. It also appeared to be safer than psychotropic drugs in terms of AEs, except when the treatment period was two weeks. The methods used for RCTs were poor, and the quality of evidence assessed was graded "low" or "moderate." The findings of this review indicate that the use of HM as a monotherapy may have potential benefits in PSI treatment when administered as an alternative to conventional medications. However, considering the methodological quality of the included RCTs, we were uncertain of the clinical evidence. Further, well-designed RCTs are required to confirm these findings.

Development of an Unified Food Composition Database for the European Project "Stance4Health".

The European Commission funded project Stance4Health (S4H) aims to develop a complete personalised nutrition service. In order to succeed, sources of information on nutritional composition and other characteristics of foods need to be as comprehensive as possible. Food composition tables or databases (FCT/FCDB) are the most commonly used tools for this purpose. The aim of this study is to describe the harmonisation efforts carried out to obtain the Stance4Health FCDB. A total of 10 FCT/FCDB were selected from different countries and organizations. Data were classified using FoodEx2 and INFOODS tagnames to harmonise the information. Hazard analysis and critical control points analysis was applied as the quality control method. Data were processed by spreadsheets and MySQL. S4H's FCDB is composed of 880 elements, including nutrients and bioactive compounds. A total of 2648 unified foods were used to complete the missing values of the national FCDB used. Recipes and dishes were estimated following EuroFIR standards via linked tables. S4H's FCDB will be part of the smartphone app developed in the framework of the Stance4Health European project, which will be used in different personalized nutrition intervention studies. S4H FCDB has great perspectives, being one of the most complete in terms of number of harmonized foods, nutrients and bioactive compounds included.

Moxibustion for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is commonly accompanied by intestinal dysfunction, and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome accounts for approximately 23.4% of all cases of IBS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of moxibustion in the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. METHODS: According to the retrieval strategies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on moxibustion therapies for IBS-D will be obtained from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, Chinese Scientific Journals Database, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, regardless of publication date or language. Studies will be screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the Cochrane risk bias assessment tool will be used to evaluate the quality of the literature. The network meta-analysis will be performed with the Markov chain Monte Carlo method and carried out with Stata 14.2 and WinBUGS 1.4.3 software. Ultimately, the quality of the evidence obtained from the results will be evaluated. RESULTS: This study will evaluate whether moxibustion therapy can effectively treat diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. CONCLUSION: This study will provide evidence for whether moxibustion therapy is beneficial to the treatment of human diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY202180003.

Effect of Blue Light on Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review.

Acne is a dermatosis that affects almost 90% of the adolescent population worldwide and its treatment is performed with retinoids, antimicrobials, acids, and topical or systemic antibiotics. Side effects such as skin irritation in addition to microbial resistance to antibiotics are the main side effects found. Phototherapy with blue light is being used as an alternative treatment. Our objective was to analyze the use of blue light to treat inflammatory acne. We conducted a systematic literature review, following the recommendation PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses), including in the sample randomized clinical trial studies that compared blue light with another intervention as control. The research was carried out in the PUBMED and WEB of SCIENCE databases and the methodological quality of the studies evaluated were made by the Cochrane Collaboration Bias Risk Scale. After the exclusion of duplicates, the titles and abstracts of 81 articles were evaluated, and 50 articles were selected for full reading, including in the review at the end 8 articles. Studies have shown significant improvements in the overall picture of acne. It is concluded that despite the great potential in its use in the treatment of acne, there is a need for more detailed trials on the effect of blue light on the treatment of inflammatory acne.

EFFECT OF PRE-COOLING ON PAIN ASSOCIATED WITH DENTAL INJECTIONS IN CHILDREN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

OBJECTIVES: Several methods, including cooling of the injection site, have been proposed for pain control during the dental local anesthetic injection. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the scientific evidence on the precooling of the injection site to reduce pediatric dental injection pain. DATA SOURCES: The search terms were selected according to the Medical Subject Headings and non-Medical Subject Headings. The main keywords included dental injection, cooling, pain, and children. Potentially eligible studies involved the subjective or objective pain evaluation in children receiving any dental injection. Risk of bias assessment was carried out using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. An electronic search was carried out for published studies in the English language up to March 2020 on Scopus, Cochrane, and PubMed databases. Of 761 articles retrieved initially, 14 were eligible to be included in the systematic review, of which 6 articles were excluded. Regarding the type of intervention, 6 articles used cooling agents in the intervention group, and 2 studies used the Buzzy device (a combination of cold and vibratory stimuli). All studies included in the systematic review except one considered that the use of intra- or extra-oral cooling could reduce pain during anesthesia injections in children significantly. CONCLUSION: Overall, the evidence presented in this review was limited and had low quality. It may be concluded that application of cold agents before dental anesthesia can be more helpful than the traditional dental injection in reducing pain in children. Besides, the use of the Buzzy device showed promising results, as shown by 2 studies.

Researching, co-creating and testing innovations in paper-based health information systems (PHISICC) to support health workers' decision-making: protocol of a multi-country, transdisciplinary, mixed-methods research programme in three sub-Saharan countries.

BACKGROUND: Health information systems are crucial to provide data for decision-making and demand for data is constantly growing. However, the link between data and decisions is not always rational or linear and the management of data ends up overloading frontline health workers, which may compromise quality of healthcare delivery. Despite limited evidence, there is an increasing push for the digitalization of health information systems, which poses enormous challenges, particularly in remote, rural settings in low- and middle-income countries. Paper-based tools will continue to be used in combination with digital solutions and this calls for efforts to make them more responsive to local needs. Paper-based Health Information Systems in Comprehensive Care (PHISICC) is a transdisciplinary, multi-country research initiative to create and test innovative paper-based health information systems in three sub-Saharan African countries. METHODS/DESIGN: The PHISICC initiative is being carried out in remote, rural settings in Côte d'Ivoire, Mozambique and Nigeria through partnership with ministries of health and research institutions. We began with research syntheses to acquire the most up-to-date knowledge on health information systems. These were coupled with fieldwork in the three countries to understand the current design, patterns and contexts of use, and healthcare worker perspectives. Frontline health workers, with designers and researchers, used co-creation methods to produce the new PHISICC tools. This suite of tools is being tested in the three countries in three cluster-randomized controlled trials. Throughout the project, we have engaged with a wide range of stakeholders and have maintained the highest scientific standards to ensure that results are relevant to the realities in the three countries. DISCUSSION: We have deployed a comprehensive research approach to ensure the robustness and future policy uptake of findings. Besides the innovative PHISICC paper-based tools, our process is in itself innovative. Rather than emphasizing the technical dimensions of data management, we focused instead on frontline health workers' data use and decision-making. By tackling the whole scope of primary healthcare areas rather than a subset of them, we have developed an entirely new design and visual language for a suite of tools across healthcare areas. The initiative is being tested in remote, rural areas where the most vulnerable live.

Gwakhyangjeonggi-san for irritable bowel syndrome: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort, stool irregularities, and bloating. Owing to its atypical symptoms and various mechanisms, there is no standard treatment for IBS. Gwakhyangjeonggi-san (GJS), a traditional Korean herbal medicine, has been used to treat lower intestinal abnormalities in Asia. We will systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of GJS as a complementary treatment for IBS. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Four English databases, namely, Medline (via PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, will be searched for entries up to May, 2021. Additional databases will include 5 Korean databases, 1 Chinese database, and 1 Japanese database. RCTs and quasi-RCTs will be searched for to assess the effectiveness and safety of GJS. The primary outcome measure will be the overall efficacy rate, and the secondary outcome will include data such as global symptom scores, IBS Quality of Life measurements, and adverse events. Data analysis will be performed using Review Manager Version 5.3, and the risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk-of-bias tool. The quality of the results will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. CONCLUSION: This systematic review will provide evidence for the efficacy and safety of GJS for IBS. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/V93JN (https://osf.io/v93jn).

Inventorization of traditional ethnobotanical uses of wild plants of Dawarian and Ratti Gali areas of District Neelum, Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: An ethnobotanical expedition was conducted to document the traditional ethnobotanical (TEB) uses of wild flora of Dawarian and Ratti Gali villages of District Neelam, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) Pakistan. District Neelam has rich plant diversity and is hub of many endemic plant species while the study areas are not yet explored. The research area: Dawarian and Rati Gali (DRG) area is mountaineous terrain and villages are located on far and farther distances. DRG area has rich biocultural and plant diversity comprising of different ethnic groups of Kashmir state. The current research was aimed to explore and document traditional medicines (TEMs) and other domestic and commercial uses of wild plants. This study will assist to evaluate conservation and commercial worth of wild flora which can be potential candidate for drug discovery through ethnopharmacological analysis. METHODS: The current quantitative ethnobotanical research was carried out in 2018 by interviewing 150 indigenous informants (90 male and 60 female) of DRG area using questionnaire applying structured and semi structured interview methodology. Data analysis was analyzed by using quantitative ethnobotanical statistical tools such as fidelity level (FL), informant consensus factor (ICF), Spearman's rank correlation (SRC) and data matrix ranking (DMR). RESULTS: The indigenous people of DRG area use wild plants in their daily life to cope life necessities i.e. food, vegetables, fodder, fuel, shelter, timber and herbal medicines. TEMs are primarily used to cure different infirmities like diabetics, asthma, dysentery, constipation, cold, fever, joint pain, wound healing, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, epilepsy, kidney infections and many types of skin diseases. Current study revealed the data of 103 wild plants species belonging to 46 plant families from selected areas of District Neelum, AJK. Results depicted that Asteraceae ranked 1st (12 plants spp). Among plant parts used leaf ranked 1st (18%), followed by seed (17%) and root (13%). While prevalent form recipe mode was decoction (20%), followed by powder (17%) and extract (14%) and fodder was highest (37%) EB use-form fodder, followed by food (32%) and fuel (17%). Quantitative ethnobotanical analysis (QEA) was carried to find the reliability and novelty of the study. Five plant species including Berberis lyceum (FL = 97.78%), Isodon rugosus (FL = 95.71%), Saussurea lappa (FL = 94.74%), Aconitum heterophyllum (FL = 92.71%) and Taxus baccata (91.58%) had shown high fidelity level which confirmed that these plants have high medicinal worth in study area. The highest value (0.94) of ICF was for diseases group "tuberculosis and leucorrhea", followed by stomachache and flatulence (0.93), diabetics and blood pressure (0.92) and asthma and chest infections (0.88). For other uses fuel with ICF (0.83) ranked first and second was hedging and thatching (ICF = 0.82) where people use plants or their parts for construction. Spearman's rank correlation (SRC) test indicated that number of TEB uses increases if number of species is increased. Jaccard index (JI) analysis depicted that 56.31% plants are being used as TEMs which are first time explored from the study area. While 26.21% plants are being used in different TEB uses which are different from past cited literature. These novel findings of research indicate that wild flora of the study area has great potential for novel drug discovery and provision of materialist services for the indigenous communities. CONCLUSION: The present research revealed that TEMs uses of 58 plants are novel being first time reported from the study area (DRG) of District Neelam of AJK. The results showed that plants like Acer cappadocicum, Ajuga bracteosa and Swertia paniculata are used to cure diabetes, Viscum album, Viola canescens, Taxus baccata are used for cure of cancer, Isodon rugosus, Polygala chinensis are used in TEMs for treating cardiovascular disorders and Anaphalis triplinervis is used for epilepsy. Berberis lyceum, Ajuga bracteosa, Aconitum heterophyllum, Bistorta amplexicaule, Saussurea lapa and Jurinea dolomiaea are severely threatened and there is urgent need to do conservation measures for available of valuable MPs to the indigenous communities for life necessities and for future research. The current study will also be useful addition in ethnobotanical database, preservation of traditional culture and drug discovery and drug development through future ethnopharmacological research.

Efficacy and safety of bloodletting for herpes zoster: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of bloodletting therapy for herpes zoster. METHODS: The following electronic databases will be searched from PubMed (1966 to March 2020), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (update to March 2020), EMBASE (1980 to March 2020), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (1979 to March 2020), Wan Fang Data (1980 to March 2020), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (1989 to March 2020), Chinese Biomedical Database (1978 to March 2020) and traditional Chinese medicine Literature Analysis and Retrieval Database (1949 to March 2020). All randomized controlled trials without any limitation of blinding or publication language about this topic will be included, exclude cohort studies and case reports. Two independent researchers will operate article retrieval, duplication removing, screening, quality evaluation, and data analyses by Review Manager (V.5.3.5). Meta-analyses, subgroup analysis, and/or descriptive analysis will be performed based on the included data conditions. RESULTS: High-quality synthesis and/or descriptive analysis of current evidence will be provided from cure rate, converting to clinical diagnosis rate, and side effects of bloodletting. CONCLUSION: This study will provide the evidence of whether bloodletting is an effective and safe intervention for herpes zoster. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020171976.

Herbal medicine for post-stroke insomnia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Post-stroke insomnia (PSI) is a highly prevalent complication in patients with stroke. However, there has been no comprehensive systematic review assessing the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine (HM) on PSI. This protocol was developed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the evidence related to the efficacy and safety of HM on PSI. METHODS: We will perform a comprehensive electronic search, including Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, AMED, CINAHL, PsycARTICLES, and Chinese, Korean, and Japanese databases from their inception to November 2020. This systemic review will include only randomized controlled clinical trials of HM on PSI. The main outcome is the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score. Two researchers will independently screen citations and abstracts, identify full-text articles for inclusion, extract data, and appraise the quality and risk of bias of included studies. A meta-analysis will be conducted using Review Manager 5.4. The evidence quality of each outcome will be appraised according to Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. RESULTS: This protocol adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-P (PRISMA-P) guidelines to ensure clarity and completeness of reporting in all phases of the systematic review. CONCLUSION: This study will provide evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of HM for the treatment of PSI. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: No ethical approval will be needed because data from previously published studies in which informed consent was obtained by primary investigators will be retrieved and analyzed. We will publish this systematic review in a peer-reviewed journal. OSF REGISTRATION DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/PEHQZ.

Assessment of the efficacy of tuina on treating cervicogenic headache: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Cervicogenic headache is a secondary headache characterized by unilateral headache, symptoms, and signs of neck involvement. It is often worsened by neck movement, sustained awkward head position, or external pressure over the upper cervical or occipital region on the symptomatic side. In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of massage therapy for the treatment of cervicogenic headache. METHODS: We searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, Wanfang Database, China Doctoral Dissertations Full-Text Database, China Master's Theses Full-Text Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and Embase. We will select all eligible studies published on or before April 1, 2021. We will use Review Manager 5.4, provided by the Cochrane Collaborative Network for statistical analysis. We then assessed the quality and risk of the included studies and observed the outcome measures. RESULTS: This meta-analysis further confirmed the benefits of tuina in the treatment of cervicogenic headache. CONCLUSION: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore the effect of tuina on patients with cervicogenic headache and to provide more options for clinicians and patients to treat cervicogenic headache. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This systematic review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of tuina in the treatment of cervicogenic headache. Since all the data included were published, the systematic review did not require ethical approval. REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY202150053.

Efficacy and safety of Kanglaite injection combined with chemotherapy for women breast cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer was the second cause of cancer death and approximately accounted for 30% of all newly diagnosed cancer in American women. Adjuvant chemotherapy is the preferred treatment approach for breast patients. Kanglaite injection (KI) was commonly used as adjuvant chemotherapy combined with chemotherapy for women breast cancer which could increase chemotherapy efficacy and alleviate chemotherapy drugs induced adverse events, however, the efficacy and safety for KI combined western medicine remains controversial. Thus, we conducted this protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the efficacy and safety of KI combined with western medicine for women breast cancer. METHODS: This study will search electronic database included English medicals databases and Chinese databased up to May 2021. The main outcomes of this study include clinical efficacy rate. Adverse reaction rate, Karnofsky Performance Status and immune function were defined as the secondary outcomes. RESULTS: This protocol study will comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of KI combined with chemotherapy for women breast cancer. CONCLUSION: This protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis will evaluate the efficacy and safety of KI combined with chemotherapy for women breast cancer, aiming to provide optimal therapy for women breast cancer patients.